3 results
Childhood adversities characterize the heterogeneity in the brain pattern of individuals during neurodevelopment
- Rajan Kashyap, Bharath Holla, Sagarika Bhattacharjee, Eesha Sharma, Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta, Nilakshi Vaidya, Rose Dawn Bharath, Pratima Murthy, Debashish Basu, Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya, Rajkumar Lenin Singh, Roshan Lourembam, Amit Chakrabarti, Kamakshi Kartik, Kartik Kalyanram, Kalyanaraman Kumaran, Ghattu Krishnaveni, Murali Krishna, Rebecca Kuriyan, Sunita Simon Kurpad, Sylvane Desrivieres, Meera Purushottam, Gareth Barker, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Matthew Hickman, Jon Heron, Mireille Toledano, Gunter Schumann, Vivek Benegal, for the Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA)
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 March 2024, pp. 1-13
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Background
Several factors shape the neurodevelopmental trajectory. A key area of focus in neurodevelopmental research is to estimate the factors that have maximal influence on the brain and can tip the balance from typical to atypical development.
MethodsUtilizing a dissimilarity maximization algorithm on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the resting state functional MRI data, we classified subjects from the cVEDA neurodevelopmental cohort (n = 987, aged 6–23 years) into homogeneously patterned DMD (representing typical development in 809 subjects) and heterogeneously patterned DMD (indicative of atypical development in 178 subjects).
ResultsSignificant DMD differences were primarily identified in the default mode network (DMN) regions across these groups (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). While the groups were comparable in cognitive performance, the atypical group had more frequent exposure to adversities and faced higher abuses (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Upon evaluating brain-behavior correlations, we found that correlation patterns between adversity and DMN dynamic modes exhibited age-dependent variations for atypical subjects, hinting at differential utilization of the DMN due to chronic adversities.
ConclusionAdversities (particularly abuse) maximally influence the DMN during neurodevelopment and lead to the failure in the development of a coherent DMN system. While DMN's integrity is preserved in typical development, the age-dependent variability in atypically developing individuals is contrasting. The flexibility of DMN might be a compensatory mechanism to protect an individual in an abusive environment. However, such adaptability might deprive the neural system of the faculties of normal functioning and may incur long-term effects on the psyche.
Differing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health: combined population and clinical study
- Lu Qi, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Marina Bobou, Chantal Gourlan, Jeanne Winterer, Rebecca Adams, Kofoworola Agunbiade, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Nilakshi Vaidya, Eric Artiges, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, M. John Broulidakis, Rüdiger Brühl, Herta Flor, Juliane H. Fröhner, Hugh Garavan, Antoine Grigis, Andreas Heinz, Sarah Hohmann, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Sabina Millenet, Frauke Nees, Betteke Maria van Noort, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Julia Sinclair, Michael N. Smolka, Robert Whelan, Argyris Stringaris, Henrik Walter, Jean-Luc Martinot, Gunter Schumann, Ulrike Schmidt, Sylvane Desrivières, IMAGEN Consortium, ESTRA Consortium and STRATIFY Consortium
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue 6 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 November 2023, e217
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Background
Identifying youths most at risk to COVID-19-related mental illness is essential for the development of effective targeted interventions.
AimsTo compare trajectories of mental health throughout the pandemic in youth with and without prior mental illness and identify those most at risk of COVID-19-related mental illness.
MethodData were collected from individuals aged 18–26 years (N = 669) from two existing cohorts: IMAGEN, a population-based cohort; and ESTRA/STRATIFY, clinical cohorts of individuals with pre-existing diagnoses of mental disorders. Repeated COVID-19 surveys and standardised mental health assessments were used to compare trajectories of mental health symptoms from before the pandemic through to the second lockdown.
ResultsMental health trajectories differed significantly between cohorts. In the population cohort, depression and eating disorder symptoms increased by 33.9% (95% CI 31.78–36.57) and 15.6% (95% CI 15.39–15.68) during the pandemic, respectively. By contrast, these remained high over time in the clinical cohort. Conversely, trajectories of alcohol misuse were similar in both cohorts, decreasing continuously (a 15.2% decrease) during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic symptom severity predicted the observed mental health trajectories in the population cohort. Surprisingly, being relatively healthy predicted increases in depression and eating disorder symptoms and in body mass index. By contrast, those initially at higher risk for depression or eating disorders reported a lasting decrease.
ConclusionsHealthier young people may be at greater risk of developing depressive or eating disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted mental health interventions considering prior diagnostic risk may be warranted to help young people cope with the challenges of psychosocial stress and reduce the associated healthcare burden.
Risk clustering and psychopathology from a multi-center cohort of Indian children, adolescents, and young adults
- Debasish Basu, Abhishek Ghosh, Chandrima Naskar, Srinivas Balachander, Gwen Fernandes, Nilakshi Vaidya, Kalyanaraman Kumaran, Murali Krishna, Gareth J. Barker, Eesha Sharma, Pratima Murthy, Bharath Holla, Sanjeev Jain, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Kartik Kalyanram, Meera Purushottam, Rose Dawn Bharath, Mathew Varghese, Kandavel Thennarasu, Amit Chakrabarti, Rajkumar Lenin Singh, Roshan Lourembam Singh, Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya, Chirag Kamal Ahuja, Kamakshi Kartik, Ghattu Krishnaveni, Rebecca Kuriyan, Sunita Simon Kurpad, Sylvane Desrivieres, Udita Iyengar, Yuning Zhang, Matthew Hickman, Alex Spiers, Mireille Toledano, Gunter Schumann, Vivek Benegal
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 35 / Issue 2 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2022, pp. 800-808
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Developmental adversities early in life are associated with later psychopathology. Clustering may be a useful approach to group multiple diverse risks together and study their relation with psychopathology. To generate risk clusters of children, adolescents, and young adults, based on adverse environmental exposure and developmental characteristics, and to examine the association of risk clusters with manifest psychopathology. Participants (n = 8300) between 6 and 23 years were recruited from seven sites in India. We administered questionnaires to elicit history of previous exposure to adverse childhood environments, family history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives, and a range of antenatal and postnatal adversities. We used these variables to generate risk clusters. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-5 was administered to evaluate manifest psychopathology. Two-step cluster analysis revealed two clusters designated as high-risk cluster (HRC) and low-risk cluster (LRC), comprising 4197 (50.5%) and 4103 (49.5%) participants, respectively. HRC had higher frequencies of family history of mental illness, antenatal and neonatal risk factors, developmental delays, history of migration, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences than LRC. There were significantly higher risks of any psychiatric disorder [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8–2.3], externalizing (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.6–6.4) and internalizing disorders (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.2–2.9), and suicidality (2.3, 95% CI 1.8–2.8) in HRC. Social-environmental and developmental factors could classify Indian children, adolescents and young adults into homogeneous clusters at high or low risk of psychopathology. These biopsychosocial determinants of mental health may have practice, policy and research implications for people in low- and middle-income countries.