3294941 results
Validity and reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-7 Portuguese version in the perinatal period
- A. T. Pereira, R. Lima, D. Pereira, J. M. Pinto, B. Barbosa, A. I. Araújo, C. Marques, A. Macedo, C. Pinto Gouveia
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S110
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Introduction
The EDE-Q-7 Portuguese version presented good reliability and validity in Portuguese women fro the general population (Pereira et al. 2022).
ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the EDE-Q-7 in a sample of Portuguese women during the perinatal period.
MethodsParticipants were 346 women with a mean age of 31.68 of years old (± 4.061; range: 18-42). 160 were pregnant (second or third trimester) and 186 were in the post-partum (mean baby´s age=4.37 months (± 2.87; range: 1-12). They answered an online survey including the Portuguese version of the EDE-Q-7 and of the Screen for Disordered Eating/SDE.
ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) presented adequate fit, in pregnancy (χ2/df=; RMSEA=, p<.001; CFI=; TLI=; GFI=), postpartum (χ2/df=; RMSEA=, p<.001; CFI=; TLI=; GFI=) and considering both – perinatal period (χ2/df=2.7998; RMSEA=.0722, p<.001; CFI=.9709; TLI=.9444; GFI=.9761). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were >0.90 for the total and approximately .70 for the three factors - Dietary restraint, Shape/weight overvaluation and Body dissatisfaction. All the items contributed to the internal consistency and presented high internal consistency. Pearson correlations between factors and total scores were significant, positive and high, as well as between the EDE-Q-7 measures and SDE (>.60 with the total; >.40 with the factors), in pregnancy, postpartum and considering both periods.
ConclusionsPresented sound psychometric properties across the perinatal period, the EDE-Q-7 and can be very useful to evaluate the presence and severity of eating disorders symptoms in women in pregnancy and post-partum.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Orthorexia and perfectionism in medical students in Tunisia
- A. Mellouli, S. Ellouze, N. Boussaid, M. Turki, A. Zribi, N. Halouani, J. Aloulou
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S563
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Introduction
Orthorexia is defined as a dependence on healthy food or an obsession to consume healthy food. One area deemed influential upon disordered eating and dietary intake is perfectionism.
ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between orthorexia and perfectionism in medical students.
MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study in the faculty of medicine of Sfax (Tunisia), between February and April 2023. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to students via social media. We used ORTO-15 for the assessment of orthorexia, and the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) to assess perfectionism.
ResultsThe research has enrolled 220 students. Their mean age was 21.40±1.68 years, with female predominance (70%). The ORTO-15 mean total score was 36.88±6.76. A total of 60% of participants had an orthorexic behavior. The BTPS mean total score was 45.52±12.45 with a mean score of 13.25±4.35 for rigid perfectionism, 18.31±6.37 for self-critical perfectionism, and 13.99±5.47 for narcissistic perfectionism.
Students with orthorexic behavior had significantly higher scores of perfectionism (p= 0.048).
ConclusionsOur study has drawn a significant association between orthorexia and perfectionism among medical students. This result suggests that students experiencing highly critical and judgemental beliefs associated with perfectionism are more susceptible to orthorexic eating behaviors.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Role of Alcohol Use Disorders in the Development and Progression of Dementia
- A. H. I. Abu Shehab, T. Simona, A. B. Ciubară, D. C. Voinescu, C.-F. Buciu, A. Ciubară
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S670-S671
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Introduction
In recent years, there has been an increase in interest and research into the link between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and dementia. Alcohol use disorders, which are characterised by excessive and problematic alcohol consumption, have been associated to a variety of detrimental health effects, including liver disease, cardiovascular difficulties, and cognitive impairments.
ObjectivesTo explore the link between alcohol use disorders and dementia onset and progression, explaining probable causes and emphasising preventive approaches.
MethodsThe present study involved a thorough examination of relevant research papers, with a specific emphasis on longitudinal cohort studies, neuropathological observations, and biochemical interactions pertaining to the effects of alcohol on the brain. In addition to the aforementioned criteria, the review also took into account other complicating factors, including choices regarding lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and coexisting medical conditions.
ResultsThe results indicate a strong association between prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption and a heightened susceptibility to the early onset of dementia. The mechanisms underlying alcohol-related neurological damage encompass direct neurotoxic effects of alcohol, thiamine shortage, and alcohol-related cerebrovascular illness. Moreover, it is worth noting that alcohol use disorder (AUD) has the potential to worsen the advancement of neurodegenerative processes in individuals already diagnosed with dementia.
ConclusionsThe association between AUD (Alcohol Use Disorder) and dementia is complex and involves multiple factors, presenting considerable difficulties in terms of clinical intervention and treatment. The use of early intervention strategies and public health initiatives focused on addressing alcohol use disorder (AUD) could have a significant impact on preventing or reducing the development of dementia.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Smoking Prevalence and its Association with Work-Related Factors in an Electricity and Gas Company
- I. Sellami, A. Feki, A. Abbes, M. A. Ghrab, K. Jmal Hammami, M. L. Masmoudi, M. Hajjaji
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S402
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Introduction
In the workplace, a smoke-free environment is crucial to guaranteeing the health of workers and those around them. Understanding the relationship between smoking and work is a prerequisite for implementing effective tobacco control measures.
ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of smoking in an electricity and gas company in Sfax and to determine the relationship between workers’ nicotine dependence and perceived workload.
MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey evaluating the smoking behavior of 100 employees of an electricity and gas company. The survey was carried out from July to December 2022 using a two-part questionnaire. The first part was completed by the participants, and the second was administered by the interviewer. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström test, while perceived workload was evaluated using the raw NASA-TLX questionnaire.
ResultsOur study population consisted of 82 male participants. Active smoking was reported by 45.1% of participants. Among smokers, 40.5% had moderate to high nicotine dependence as assessed by the Fagerström test. According to the raw NASA-TLX questionnaire, the mean scores for mental, physical, and temporal demands were 88.8±13.5, 63.6±24.7, and 59.1±28.4, respectively. The mean scores for effort, performance, and frustration were 83.8±14, 85.4±13.1, and 34.5±28.1, respectively. Bivariate analysis indicated an inverse correlation between nicotine dependence and physical demands at work. However, a significant positive correlation was found between nicotine dependence and frustration at work.
ConclusionsSmoking among electricity and gas company workers is a prevalent issue, highlighting the urgent need for smoking cessation interventions. The association of smoking with perceived workload underscores the importance of preventive measures to reduce work-related stress.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Progressive grey matter atrophy in adolescents with major depressive disorder revealed by causal structural covariance network
- J. Chen, X. Jin, J. Gao, Y. Zhang, C. Bai, F. Xu, Y. Yao, D. Yu, Y. Yang, W. Zhang, X. Zhu, K. Wang
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S190-S191
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Introduction
Adolescence is a period marked by highest vulnerability to the onset of depression, with profound implications for adult health. Neuroimaging studies have revealed considerable atrophy in brain structure in these patients with depression. Of particular importance are regions responsible for cognitive control, reward, and self-referential processing. However, the causal structural networks underpinning brain region atrophies in adolescents with depression remain unclear.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the temporal course and causal relationships of gray matter atrophy within the brains of adolescents with depression.
MethodsWe analyzed T1-weighted structural images using voxel-based morphometry in first-episode adolescent patients with depression (n=80, 22 males; age = 15.57±1.78) and age, gender matched healthy controls (n=82, 25 males; age = 16.11±2.76) to identify the disease stage-specific gray matter abnormalities. Then, with granger causality analysis, we arranged the patients’ illness duration chronologically to construct the causal structural covariance networks that investigated the causal relationships of those atypical structures.
ResultsCompared to controls, smaller volumes in ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and insula areas were identified in patients with less than 1 year illness duration, and further progressed to the subgenual ACC, regions of default, frontoparietal networks in longer duration. Causal network results revealed that dACC, vmPFC, MCC and insula were prominent nodes projecting exerted positive causal effects to regions of the default mode and frontoparietal networks. The dACC, vmPFC and insula also had positive projections to the reward network, which included mainly the thalamus, caudate and putamen, while MCC also exerted a positive causal effect on the insula and thalamus.
ConclusionsThese findings revealed the progression of structural atrophy in adolescent patients with depression and demonstrated the causal relationships between regions involving cognitive control, reward and self-referential processes.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
N-acetylcysteine counteracts increased brain excitatory/inhibitory balance following maternal high-fat diet and restores emotional and cognitive profiles in adult mouse offspring
- C. Musillo, M. Samà, B. Collacchi, M. A. Ajmone-Cat, R. De Simone, K. C. Creutzberg, M. A. Riva, A. Berry, F. Cirulli
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S84
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Introduction
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption during pregnancy can shape fetal brain development, increasing susceptibility to mental disorders. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these negative outcomes remain unclear.
ObjectivesWe hypothesize that mHFD induces inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the fetal brain, disrupting excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the adult brain. This results in altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, emotional regulation, and cognitive function. We tested the ability of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) - a powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compound - to counteract mHFD effects.
MethodsOur mHFD model consists of female C57BL/6N mice fed either HFD (fat 58%, carbohydrate 25.5%, and protein 16.4%) or control diet (CD, fat 10.5%, carbohydrate 73.1% and protein 16.4%) before and during pregnancy (13 weeks). After 5 weeks on diets, half of them received NAC (1g/kg) for 8 weeks, until delivery.
Gene expression of Il-1b, Cd68, Tmem119, iNOS, and Arg1 was measured in fetal brains. Cognitive function and emotional phenotype were assessed in adult male and female offspring through the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and the Emergence test, respectively. HPA axis functionality was assessed by measuring plasma corticosterone levels by ELISA following acute stress. Gene expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1) and vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) were assessed as markers of E/I balance.
ResultsExposure to mHFD induced inflammation and OS in the fetal brain of both sexes, by increasing Il-1b and iNOS/Arg1. Additionally, Cd68 and Tmem119 were specifically increased in females. In adulthood, mHFD reduced latency to emerge from the shelter in the Emergence test in both sexes. In females, mHFD impaired cognitive function, reducing time spent in the MWM target zone, and increased HPA reactivity in response to acute stress. Furthermore, mHFD decreased Vgat expression in both sexes, resulting in an imbalanced Vglut1/Vgat ratio towards excessive excitatory input. Maternal NAC supplementation rescued this imbalance.
ConclusionsOverall, these data show that mHFD increases inflammation and OS in fetal brains, with greater effects in female offspring, inducing alterations in the E/I neuronal balance with concomitant disruptions of the neuroendocrine system and the emotional and cognitive profiles during adulthood. The supplementation with NAC was effective in rescuing the E/I imbalance as well as the behavioral phenotype.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Differences in the perception of stigma in schizophrenia between men and women: a brief qualitative approach
- P. Andres-Olivera, B. Arribas-Simon, E. D. Alvarez, B. Bote, C. Martin-Gomez, C. Payo, C. Munaiz, R. Brito, M. Ligero-Argudo
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S805-S806
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Introduction
Men and women with psychosis have different courses and presentations of symptoms. Men with psychosis have an earlier onset of illness, more negative symptoms, and worse premorbid functioning. Women, on the other hand, have better social functioning and less substance abuse. Despite these evident differences, there are few studies that delve into these distinctions, especially from a subjective perspective.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to understand the differences in the perception of psychosis between men and women.
MethodsFive women and five men diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the study. They were matched so that the age difference between them was no more than 5 years, with ages ranging from 40 to 56 years. Participants had not experienced acute decompensation of their underlying illness and had not required admission to an Acute Care Unit in the 6 months prior to inclusion in the study. Data collection was conducted through the Spanish translation of the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview, consisting of five parts: a narrative about their life, a narrative about the illness, questions related to how the illness has changed their life and what has not changed, the overall influence of the illness on their life, and lastly, expectations for the future.
ResultsMen expressed more concerns about work (4 men versus 2 women), while women expressed more concerns about not having become mothers (3 out of 5 women, compared to one man). All participants shared experiences of isolation in intimate relationships, including romantic relationships. Regarding stigma, three women believed that people treated them like children and dismissed their opinions. However, two of them viewed this behavior from their loved ones positively. Two women discussed the impact that psychosis and medications had on their bodies and how others had reacted to these changes
ConclusionsThe concerns and stigma associated with mental illness differ between genders. These differences should be taken into account when developing specific biopsychosocial treatment plans.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Effect of a Virtual Reality Counseling Program Based on Metacognitive Therapy in Reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Those Recovering from Covid-19
- N. S. G. Abdelrasheed, M. M. M. Al Majali
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S82-S83
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Introduction
Many COVID-19 survivors who were attacked and suffered severe symptoms of the virus have suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which persists for long periods. These people need treatment to alleviate the severity of these disorders. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is one of the modern therapeutic trends in psychological counseling, which focuses on the nature of the thought rather than on identifying and changing the thought as in other cognitive therapies. It is also concerned with whether people possess an aspect of reflective awareness and aims for a broader understanding of the way the mind works. Working on the process of metacognition, that is, the individual’s thinking about what he knows, being aware of his thoughts, and constantly monitoring and organizing them, helps reduce anxiety disorders and mood swings, and this will reduce psychotic disorders.
ObjectivesThe current study aims to identify the effect of a virtual reality (VR) counseling program based on MCT in reducing the severity of PTSD among survivors of Covid-19. It also examines the continuity of the effectiveness of this program in reducing these disorders.
MethodsThe quasi-experimental method (two group design) with experimental and control groups with a pre-posttest and a follow-up test was adopted. The sample for the current study consisted of 60 COVID-19 survivors suffering from PTSD. The PTSD scale was applied online to a group of people recovering from Covid-19 from the Arab Republic of Egypt. Then those who had high scores were selected, contacted and their consent was obtained to apply a virtual reality counseling program to them. The counseling program was implemented via virtual reality technology, and consisted of 20 counseling sessions, each session lasted between 60-90 minutes. The program continued for two months, with two sessions per week.
ResultsThe results of the current research revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group through a significant reduction in their post-traumatic stress disorders. The results also showed the effectiveness of the counseling program based on metacognitive therapy in reducing the manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorders in those recovering from Covid-19. The results confirmed the continuing effect of the program after the follow-up period.
ConclusionsUsing metacognitive therapy has an effective effect in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder, and it can be used with many psychologically disturbed people.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sex differences in neurocognitive performance in older adults with bipolar disorder
- S. Martín-Parra, C. Torrent, A. Ruiz, M. Bort, G. Fico, V. Oliva, M. D. Prisco, J. Sanchez-Moreno, E. Jimenez, A. Martinez-Aran, E. Vieta, B. Sole, L. Montejo
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S440
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Introduction
In recent years, research has focused on the older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD), aged 50 years and over, a constantly growing population due to the increased of life expectancy. Actually, some authors suggest that these individuals constitute a distinct subtype with a specific and different needs such as seen in epidemiologic, clinical and cognitive features. Further research has revealed significant differences between females and males with BD in clinical and cognitive variables in middle-aged and young patients, but this topic among OABD population remains unclear.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify the distinctive profile in clinical, functional and neurocognitive variables between females and males in OABD.
MethodsA sample of OABD and Healthy Controls (HC) were included. Euthymic patients or in partial remission were included. Neurocognition was measured with a battery of tests that included premorbid intelligence quotient, working memory, verbal and visual memory, processing speed, language and executive functions. Independent t-test and Chi-squared test analysis were performed as appropriated.
ResultsAccording to the analysis, statistically significant differences were seen between females and males. A more impaired cognitive profile is observed in women. They performed worse in the subscales of Arithmetic (F= 6.728, p = <0.001), forward digits (F= 0.936, p= 0.019) and Total Digits (F= 1.208, p= 0.019) of the WAIS-III, in the Stroop Color Word Test, color reading (F= 0.130, p= < 0.001), in the Continuous Performance Test, block change measure (F= 2.059, p= 0.037), in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure-copy (F= 0.005, p= 0.029) and in the Boston Naming Test (F= 0.011, p= 0.024). Nor significant differences were found in clinical neither in psychosocial functioning variables.
ConclusionsIn view of the following results, and since no differences were observed between women and men in terms of clinical and functional outcomes, it could be said that the differences observed in cognition cannot be explained by disease-related factors. Furthermore, these results highlight the need to develop a gender-specific cognitive interventions in OABD population. In this way, we could have an impact on the course of the illness to reach a better quality of life.
Disclosure of InterestS. Martín-Parra: None Declared, C. Torrent Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00344) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIIISubdireccion General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), A. Ruiz: None Declared, M. Bort: None Declared, G. Fico Grant / Research support from: Fellowship from “La Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434 - fellowship code LCF/BQ/DR21/11880019), V. Oliva: None Declared, M. Prisco: None Declared, J. Sanchez-Moreno Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00060) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), E. Jimenez Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00060) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), A. Martinez-Aran: None Declared, E. Vieta Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI18/ 00805, PI21/00787) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and cofinanced by the ISCIII Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; the CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM); the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement (2017 SGR 1365), the CERCA Programme, and the Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya for the PERIS grant SLT006/17/00357; the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (EU.3.1.1. Understanding health, wellbeing and disease: Grant No 754907 and EU.3.1.3. Treating and managing disease: Grant No 945151), B. Sole: None Declared, L. Montejo: None Declared
Clozapine to treat aggression and agitation in advanced dementia
- A. E. Michael, N. Michael, A. Erfurth, M. Kujovic
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S231-S232
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Introduction
Agitation and aggression are a serious problem in clinical psychiatry, especially in multimorbid patients of advanced age, including those with dementia.
ObjectivesWe wanted to investigate to what extent clozapine could be an option in the treatment of selected refractory patients.
MethodsA retrospective study included patients with a diagnosis of dementia who were treated with clozapine in a specialist geriatric psychiatry unit between August 2018 and February 2022, and medical records were systematically reviewed. The Clinical Global Impressions Scale was used for the assessment of improvement and the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale for the assessment of symptom reduction. In addition, there was detailed documentation of side effects and clinical features.
ResultsA total of 31 patients with a median age of 82 years were identified.
ConclusionsIn conclusion, clozapine was effective and well tolerated in 23 patients. This suggests that low-dose clozapine may help alleviate the suffering of difficult-to-treat multimorbid patients with advanced dementia and their carers. However, adverse effects, particularly in patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment, should be carefully monitored.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
ICD-11 Burnout for the psychiatrist: Meaning of the concept and prevalence of the condition.
- J. M. Pelayo-Terán, Z. Gutiérrez-Hervás, S. Vega-García, M. E. García-Llamas, C. López-Zapico, Y. Zapico-Merayo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S141-S142
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Introduction
Burnout was reclassified in 2019 as an occupational phenomenon in ICD-11. The new condition includes the classic tridimensional definition with symptoms in areas of fatigue/energy depletion, mental distance/cinism and sense of ineffectiveness/lack of accomplishment.
ObjectivesTo evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of psychiatrists regarding new ICD-11 burnout definition.
To analyse the frequency of burnout symptoms in the psychiatric consultations and among the psychiatrists as healthcare professionals.
MethodsAn online survey (designed with Microsoft® Forms) was sent in June 2023 to psychiatrists from three regions of Spain, contacted form local scientific societies. Psychiatrists, currently working, had to consent and answer a brief survey (average time: 2 min 32 sec) of 9 questions regarding the definition of burnout, their experience in clinical practice, their own symptoms and symptoms observed in colleagues.
Results164 psychiatrists answered, 114 females (69.5%), mean age: 43.61 ± 11.28 years. 48.2% assured they had never used the term Burnout or the ICD codes Z73.0/QD85, whereas a 9.1% used them frequently in clinical practice. 58.5% considered burnout just a condition related to work and a 38.4% either a syndrome or a disorder.
Most psychiatrists referred that their patients exhibited symptoms of the three dimensions. Fatigue was the most common, attended frequently by 79.5% of the surveyed, followed by ineffectiveness (73.1%) and cinism (65.3%).
When reporting their own symptoms, only 16.5% psychiatrists referred not suffering any symptom. The most frequently involved was fatigue (66.5%), then ineffectiveness (56.1%) and cinism (41.5%). 28,7% reported concomitant symptoms of the three dimensions.
70.7% recognized fatigue symptoms in their colleagues, 61% ineffectiveness, 72.6% cinism and 45,5% recognized symptoms from the three dimensions. Only a 7.3% did not identify any of them.
A younger age was related to higher probability of suffering cinism (T:2.546; p=0.012) and ineffectiveness (T:2.900; p=0.004) and to a higher probability of recognizing cinism (T=3,293; p=0,001) an ineffectiveness in others (T=2.355; p=0.020)
Females showed a higher frequency of ineffectiveness symptoms (61.4% vs 44%; χ2:4.274; p=0,029).
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ConclusionsPsychiatrists’ concept of burnout is diverse but the main construct is convergent with ICD definition, not a medical illness but a condition related to work.
The three classic dimensions of burnout are common in clinical conditions and also in the laboral environment of psychiatrists themselves. Psychiatrists tend to recognized more easily burnout in other colleagues, particularly cinism symptoms. Cinism and ineffectiveness appear to be related to younger age that can be associated to an imbalance between work demands and individual resources.
These results highlight the challenge of preventing, detecting and addressing burnout syndrome in psychiatric services.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
COVID-19 Infection and Medicines in Pregnancy in Canada
- A. Berard, O. Sheehy, P. Kaul, S. Eltonsy, M. Walker, S. Hawken, S. Bernatsky, M. Pugliese, O. Barrett, A. Savu, R. Dragan
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S106-S107
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Introduction
Although over 100 million pregnant women worldwide are at risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, little data exists on the impact of COVID-19 and related treatments on maternal/neonatal health.
Objectives1) To quantify the prevalence of medication use in pregnancy to treat COVID-19; 2) To quantify and compare the risk of adverse pregnancy/neonatal outcomes in those with and without COVID-19.
MethodsIn the Canadian Mother-Child population-based cohort (CAMCCO), two key sub-cohorts were identified using prospective data collection of medical services, prescription drugs, hospitalization archives data, and COVID-19 surveillance testing program (02/28/2020-2021). The first cohort included all pregnant women with at least one completed trimester of pregnancy during the study period regardless of pregnancy status (delivery, induced/planned or spontaneous abortion); this cohort was further stratified on COVID-19 status. The second cohort included all non-pregnant women (aged 15-45) with a positive COVID-19 test. COVID-19 infection in pregnant or non-pregnant women was assessed using COVID-19 test results or ICD-10CM codeU07.1 from hospital data. COVID-19 severity was categorized based on hospital admission. Women were considered exposed to COVID-19 medications if they filled at least one prescription for a medicine included in the WHO list in the 30 days pre- or 30 days post-COVID-19 positive test/diagnosis. Considering potential confounders, association between COVID-19 during pregnancy, treated vs not, and perinatal outcomes were quantified using log-binomial regression models.
Results150,345 pregnant women (3,464 (2.3%) had COVID-19), and 112,073 non-pregnant women with COVID-19 diagnoses were included. Pregnant women with COVID-19 were more likely to have severe infections compared to non-pregnant women with COVID-19 (11.4% vs 1.6%, p< 0.001). The most frequent medications used in pregnancy to treat COVID-19 were antibacterials (13.96%), psychoanaleptics (7.35%), and medicines for obstructive airway disease (3.20%). In pregnancy COVID-19 was associated with spontaneous abortions (adjRR 1.76, 95%CI 1.3, 2.25), gestational diabetes (adjRR 1.52, 95%CI 1.18, 1.97), prematurity (adjRR 1.30, 95%CI 1.01, 1.67), NICU admissions (adjRR 1.32, 95%CI 1.10, 1.59); COVID-19 severity was increasing these risks but COVID-19 treatment with study medications reduced all risks.
ConclusionsSeverity of COVID-19 was greater in pregnancy. Antibacterials, psychoanaleptics, and medicines for obstructive airway disease were the most used overall. Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy was associated with higher risks of adverse maternal, and neonatal outcomes.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A cross-cultural analysis of the relationship between the level of depression and attitudes toward death in cancer patients
- K. Kholmuradova
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S648
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Introduction
♦Over the last 10 years, the number of cancer patients in the world has increased by almost 23%, and the number of cancer deaths has also increased by about 10%. Malignant neoplasms still remain as one of the main causes of mortality in the population. Patients with oncopathology are characterized by a high level of depression which leads to inadequate attitudes towards the disease and its treatment, and this may further act as a risk factor for disease susceptibility and aggravate its course (Schulz-Kindermann, 2021). It is relevant to search for variables that act as a personal resource in coping with cancer. It is hypothesized that one such personal resource is the specificity of attitudes towards death.
ObjectivesTo conduct a comparative analysis of the relationship between the level of depression and the peculiarities of the attitude to death in cancer patients in Russia and Germany.
Methods▪ Beck Depression Inventory to determine the level of depression severity.
▪ Death Attitude Profile-Revised to determine the type of attitude to death.
For statistical processing of data, the SPSS 23.0 statistical package was used with a preliminary check for normality of distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical criterion.
SELECTIONThe sample consisted of a total number of 50 cancer patients with 25 each undergoing treatment in Russia (Moscow) and in Germany (Munich). The study was based on the sample obtained from the P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute and the Helios Munich-West Clinic. Overall, the sample was relatively gender-balanced.
ResultsThe following results were obtained from the study:
1. The mean value of depression level in cancer patients is higher in Russia than in Germany.
2. The level of depression in cancer patients in both the countries is correlated with:
▪ marital status (p=0.36)
▪ stage of disease (p=0.001)
▪ type of treatment (p=0.001)
▪ belief in God (p=0.024)
▪ adherence to a particular religious denomination (p=0.008)
3. The level of depression was correlated with a certain type of attitude towards death: a higher level of depression was associated with scores on the “fear of death” scale (p=0.000), and a lower level (or lack of) with the “neutral acceptance of death” scale (p=0.000)
4. The fear of death is seen to be most common in the sample of patients from Russia, while the neutral acceptance of death is more prevalent in the sample from Germany.
ConclusionsThe results suggest that a positive attitude to death (neutral as one of these types) is correlated, along with other factors, with lower levels of depression, which may be a personal resource in coping with the disease.
This allows us to make the assumption that when providing psychological support to cancer patients, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the attitude to life and illness, but also to the attitude to death.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Quality of life in children and adolescents with beta thalassemia
- A. Tsagkou, E. Evangelou, E. Vlachou, A. Zartaloudi, E. Dousis, C. Dafogianni, M. Polikandrioti, I. Koutelekos
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S673-S674
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Introduction
Children and adolescents with thalassemia suffer from chronicity of the disease and its treatment, including transfusion dependence and complications of iron overload.
ObjectivesTo investigate the quality of life of children and adolescents with Beta Thalassaemia.
MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Greek public Children’s Hospital. PedsQL ™ 4.0 Generic Core Scale (Greek version) was used to evaluate HRQOL in 41 thalassemia patients aged between 5 and 18 years and in 41 healthy controls of the same age range. For the analysis, the Statistic Package (SPSS ver.24) was used. Using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, t-test and MannWhitney tests were used, while for variables with three or more levels the Anova and Kruskall-Wallis. In order to investigate the relationship between two quantitative variables, Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used, while the relationship between two qualitative variables was used to control x2. As a statistical significance level, α = 5% was defined.
ResultsOf the 41 children with beta Thalassemia who participated in the study, 48.8% (n = 20) were boys and 51.2% (n = 21) girls. The mean age of children was 10.02 ± 4.10 years. For healthy children who participated in the study 51.2% (n = 21) were boys while 48.8% (n = 20) were girls. The mean age of the children was 9.63 ± 3.77 years. Children with Beta Thalassaemia have a lower quality of life in Physical Health and Activity(<0,001), Emotional Health(0,031), School Activities(0,008), Psychosocial Health(0,014), and the overall PedsQL 4.0 (<0,001)questionnaire compared to healthy children. Children between the ages of 5 and 7 have higher levels of quality of life in physical health and activity than older children(<0,001). In addition, children aged 5 to 7 have higher quality of life and overall PedsQL 4.0 score than older children(0,033) Children receiving combination therapy show better quality of life than children receiving subcutaneous therapy (total PedsQL 4.0 <0,001).
ConclusionsChildren and adolescents in all five categories had a better quality of life, after improved iron chelating methods and other psychosocial interventions.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is associated with increased abstinence in substance use disorders and comorbid depression
- S. El Hayek, H. Tolba, A. Elmougy, W. Foad
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S247
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Introduction
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with high rates of comorbid depression. Finding effective treatments for many of the substances of abuse is still an area of developing research. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established treatment for depression, but its effects in SUDs are less conclusive.
ObjectivesTherefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of rTMS in patients with SUDs and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD).
MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of 55 patients with SUDs and comorbid MDD who were eligible for rTMS. Craving was measured using the Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS). Severity of MDD was measured using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale.
ResultsWe found a statistically significant difference between baseline and posttreatment scores in patients receiving rTMS on both CGI-S scores and BSCS scores. The number of rTMS sessions significantly predicted increased days of abstinence in the community, even after controlling for confounders.
ConclusionsPatients with SUDs and MDD who received rTMS significantly improved in the areas of severity of depression and craving. The number of rTMS sessions significantly predicted increased abstinence.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Metazoan endoparasites of snakes from Argentina: Review and checklist with distributional notes and remarks
- Juan Nicolás Caraballo, Andrés Ulibarrie, Monika Hamann, Ricardo Guerrero, Vanesa Arzamendia, Cynthya Elizabeth González
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- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 98 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, e48
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This article presents a checklist of metazoan parasites of snakes from Argentina, along with a comprehensive review of the relevant literature published between 1922 and June 2023, covering various aspects of interest. We compiled 34 species of metazoan endoparasites from 28 studies. The subclass Digenea showed the highest number of species (n = 22 species), followed by the phylum Nematoda (n = 8 species), and the subclass Pentastomida (n = 3 species and 1 taxa inquirenda). Dipsadidae was the family of snakes with the most species examined for metazoan endoparasites (n = 20 species). In contrast, Viperidae had the largest number of specimens surveyed (n = 343). Of 23 provinces, 15 (65.2%) presented at least one report of metazoan endoparasites in snakes. The northeastern provinces showed the highest richness of metazoan endoparasites and host diversity. Many articles focused on taxonomy, but studies on parasite ecology were not found. Although taxonomic accuracy was high in most reports, some records were correctly deposited in zoological collections or geo-referenced. This is the first attempt to include all groups of metazoan endoparasites of snakes from Argentina in a single checklist in the last century.
Options for the recovery of mental activity in children after acute brain damage
- Y. Sidneva, A. Zakrepina, S. Valiullina, M. Bratkova
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S147-S148
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Introduction
Children with acute brain damage make up a large group of patients who require multi-stage rehabilitation. Rehabilitation requires the creation of special conditions for psychiatric care and psychological and pedagogical correction of the consequences of severe damage to the nervous system. A differentiated approach to rehabilitation will help restore mental activity with greater efficiency, and subsequently adapt the child to the familiar environment.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to identify the options for mental activity during the restoration of the level of consciousness in children after acute severe brain damage.
Methods210 children under the age of 18 with severe brain damage (traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, hydrocephalus), admitted for treatment and rehabilitation. Clinical-psychopathological, pedagogical methods were used; additionally - diagnostic scales, questionnaires.
ResultsDepending on the level of consciousness, mental activity, 4 groups were formed:
1st group - 37 (18%) patients had manifestations of mental activity with physical, cognitive and social capabilities in the minimal consciousness “+” (a- / hyperkinetic mutism with emotional reactions, understanding of addressed speech);
2nd - 67 (32%) patients had manifestations of physical and cognitive abilities with minimal consciousness “-” (a- / hyperkinetic mutism without emotional manifestations and understanding of addressed speech);
3rd - 95 (40%) patients had only the manifestation of physical capabilities at the exit from the vegetative status.
4th - 11 (10%) patients had a low manifestation of mental activity in the form of physical capabilities with a vegetative status.
Conclusions4 variants of mental activity in children after acute severe brain damage have been identified: from minimal involuntary reactions or their absence in vegetative status to voluntary actions according to the instructions of an adult in minimal consciousness “+”. Taking into account the variability of mental activity helps to differentiate the methods of psychiatric and psychological-pedagogical assistance in the recovery of children already in the early stages of rehabilitation.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Examining the Effects of COVID-19 on Suicide Attempts in Budapest: A Focus on Violent and Non-Violent Attempts
- M. Bérdi, N. Hajduska-Dér, B. Sebők, N. Szeifert, L. Bálint, S. Szilágyi
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S130-S131
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Introduction
In Hungary, in contrast to most other countries, suicide deaths increased significantly during the first year of the COVID-19 epidemic (March to December 2020). Globally, the burden of emergency care in the healthcare system tended to decrease during the first period of the epidemic.
ObjectivesOur research aimed to evaluate the changes in the number of intentional suicide attempts by violent and non-violent means during the first two years of the epidemic, compared to the trend before March 2020 in the Budapest metropolitan area and Pest County.
MethodsWe analyzed psychiatric assessment reports of self-poisoning patients admitted to Péterfy Hospital’s Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology from Jan 2019 to Dec 2021 to estimate non-violent suicide attempt trends. We analyzed patient data for violent suicide attempts treated at Dr. Manninger Jenő Trauma Centre from 2016-2021, focusing on trends during the first two years of the pandemic. Negative binomial regression estimates were used for interrupted time series analysis with Prais-Winsten regression, controlling for time and seasonal and autoregressive effects. We used change-point detection to examine the leveling of trends. The Institutional Review Board approved the research in both institutions. Approval numbers: 08-2022 (Péterfy Hospitaly) and 19-2021 (Traumatology Center).
ResultsThe number of male non-violent suicide attempts decreased by 16.6% compared with the pre-epidemic period (p<0.001). A similar and significant decrease was observed in females and in the total population (Image 1). The female and total population trends, i.e., the decrease, were reversed by August 2020, and the male trends were reversed by October 2020. The total number of patients treated for violent suicide attempts increased significantly (p<0.05) during the first two years of the pandemic (Image 2). There was a slight increase in violent attempts in men and a small decrease in women, but these changes are not statistically significant.
Image:
Image 2:
ConclusionsWe hypothesize that those who tried to end their life through non-violent drug use were less inclined to seek assistance because they were concerned about being hospitalized during the COVID-19 outbreak. The surge in violent attempts is striking, as it correlates with the rise in suicide fatalities documented in Hungary during the initial year of the outbreak. Our data was obtained from two prominent public hospitals in Budapest, enabling us to conduct a more concentrated and thorough examination of the circumstances in the capital.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Assessment of self-esteem among Tunisian cannabis users
- M. Kacem, W. Bouali, M. Henia, S. Brahim, L. Zarrouk
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S407
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Introduction
Self-esteem plays a role in the adaptive functioning of the human being. It could be a protective factor regarding multiple risks particularly substance use.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess self-esteem among a group of young Tunisian users of cannabis.
MethodsThe total study sample was composed of 137 participants, who took part of a transversal descriptive study during two months (January and February 2020). These partakers were comprehensively recruited among Emergency patients of Mahdia Hospital. Thereupon, the main criteria for the selection of these patients was their consumption of cannabis, regardless of their primary health care seeking reason or purpose. The research was carried out upon their declaration of cannabis consumption and their compliance to be part of such a study. Thus, Data were collected on a pre-determined data sheet that included various information (age, sex, lifestyle, personal and family psychiatric history, age at which they started their cannabis consumption and the rate of cannabis use …). Accordingly, Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Consequently, the interview took place after the subject’s verbal and informed consent and the assurance of anonymity and confidentiality of the interview content.
ResultsIn our study population, the cannabis consumers were young adults aged between 18 and 35 years old, with a male predominance of 71%. Among those users, 65.9% were single and 29.7% dropped out of school or experienced academic failure. On a socio-economic level, we concluded to a rate of 5.8% (lower class), 60.9% (middle class) and 33.3% (upper class). Besides, 40.8% were employed. In total, 23.2% had a psychiatric history. Furthermore, the use of other substances was also prominent and frequent as follows: alcohol 72.5%, tobacco 74.6%, ecstasy 41.3% and 25.4% cocaine. The use of cannabis was considered as a means of indulgence and pleasure for 66.7%, as an anxiolytic for 26.8% and as a sedative for 23.9%. Self-esteem, among those cannabis users, was very low in 20% of cases, low in 38% of cases, medium in 15% of cases and high in 25% of cases. Consequently, more than half of the study population remains below the medium average according to RSES.
ConclusionsThese results lead us to question the relation between cannabis and self-esteem. The question that is evolved about the use of cannabis is the following: Is it used as a remedy or is it the cause of self-esteem deficiency?
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Post-traumatic stress disorder in crack/cocaine users
- N. Ait Bensaid, Y. Bensalah, M. Sabir, F. El Omari
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S407
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Introduction
Cocaine use has become popular in the form of crack and has spread throughout the world. Crack/cocaine use is often linked to serious social and psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, and users appear to be at increased risk of physical and mental illness and social harm.
ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients followed and hospitalized in the addictology department at the Arrazi psychiatric hospital in Salé for management of crack/cocaine use disorder.
MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a questionnaire including sociodemographic and clinical criteria and a post-traumatic stress scale (PCLS) to investigate the existence of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients monitored and hospitalized for crack/cocaine use disorder in the addictology department at the Arrazi psychiatric hospital in Salé.
ResultsWe collected 77 participants. The majority of patients were born in the city The average age of the participants was 27, with a male predominance (67%). The majority were unemployed at the time of the study, single, separated or divorced. For more than 50%, the start of drug use was more than 4 years ago. The smoked route (crack) is the most predominant, followed by the inhaled route and 1% for the injectable route. Some 37% were hospitalized in an addictology unit. Almost 65% of participants had a history of post-traumatic stress disorder.
ConclusionsCo-morbidity between crack/cocaine use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is frequent among patients monitored and hospitalized in the addictology department at the Arrazi psychiatric hospital in Salé. There seems to be a need to develop new therapeutic strategies and to adapt existing programs to patients’ needs. In addition, understanding the profiles of patients suffering from this comorbidity in mental health facilities could help clinical staff to better accept their problems and behaviours, thus promoting treatment adherence and better outcomes.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared