Nationalism and the Transformation of the State
Following Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, the recent conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East signals the return of geopolitics. This book challenges conventional approaches that ignore border change, arguing that geopolitics is driven by nationalism and focusing on how nationalism transforms the state. Using geocoded historical maps covering state borders and ethnic groups in Europe, the authors' spatial approach shows how, since the French Revolution, nationalism has caused increasing congruence between state and national borders and how a lack of congruence increased the risk of armed conflict. This macroprocess is traced from early modern Europe and widens the geographic scope to the entire world in the mid-twentieth century. The analysis shows that the risk of conflict may be increased by how nationalists seeking to revive past golden ages and restore their nations' prestige respond to incongruent borders. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
- Rather than focusing on how the state shapes ethnic nations, the authors focus on analyzing how ethnic nations transform the state through secession, unification and irredentism
- Studies the consequences of nationalist narratives in order to identify specific historical configurations that increase the risk of conflict
- Offers a systematic alternative to sweeping macro studies and vast amounts of specialized knowledge about single cases, bringing statistical methods to bear on large amounts of data about states and nations
- This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core
Reviews & endorsements
‘This magnificent work, through groundbreaking empirical research, demonstrates the destabilizing power of ethnonationalism contesting the spatial incongruities between state boundaries and the contours of cultural difference. In so doing, it challenges conventional wisdoms and sets a new standard for thinking about war, separatism, ethnic cleansing, and the transformation of the state system.' Mark R. Beissinger, Henry W. Putnam Professor in the Department of Politics, Princeton University
‘Among the very many things that make this book an instant classic, let me emphasize two. It brings nationalist agents and their narratives back in to explain the size and nature of contemporary states. It deploys amazing empirics – at a level unseen of in previous work on nation-state formation.' Carles Boix, Robert Garrett Professor of Politics and Public Affairs, Princeton University
‘This book is a milestone in three massively important literatures: on nationalism, state formation and war. It sets the standard for new generations, a standard that will be very hard to match, let alone beat. It is rich in conceptual innovation, analytical clarity, and empirical analysis. It is a seminal contribution to our whole discipline.' Hein Goemans, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Peter D. Watson Center for Conflict & Cooperation, University of Rochester
‘This tour de force of scholarly teamwork theorizes and empirically tests how nationalism reshapes states through border change and conflict. Using a rich array of historical data, it shows how state-nation incongruence drives instability – illustrated by cases like Russia's annexation of Crimea. An essential contribution, it sheds new light on nationalism's enduring impact on state evolution and global order.' Beth Simmons, Andrea Mitchell University Professor of Law and Political Science, University of Pennsylvania
‘Did war make the state and the state make war? And if so, why do powerful states begin to shrink rather than grow and conquer, as our dominant theories predict? Cederman and his co-authors provide rigorous and nuanced answers to these and other questions in this deeply impressive and pioneering book. While confirming that nations are modern and constructed, they show that ethnic histories across the world for the past two centuries are a major engine of border change. This tour de force should be read by anyone interested in the politics of nationalism, state formation, and state change.' Maya Tudor, Professor of Politics and Public Policy, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford
‘… makes a fundamental contribution to the study of the development of the State.’ Sabino Cassese, Il Sole 24 ORE Domenica
Product details
- Published: October 2025
- Format: Hardback
- ISBN: 9781009527798
- Length: 394 pages
- Dimensions: 229 × 152 × 22 mm
- Weight: 0.5kg
- Availability: Available
Table of Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part I. Setting the Analytical Stage:
- 1. Nationalism and the state in the literature
- 2. A theory of nationalist state transformation
- 3. Operationalizing state-nation congruence
- Part II. Nationalism and the Transformation of the State:
- 4. War and state formation in Early Modern Europe
- 5. Nationalism and the puzzle of reversing state size
- 6. Shaping states into nations
- Part III. Nationalist State Transformation and War:
- 7. Nationality questions and war
- 8. Restorative nationalism and war
- 9. Railroads, separatist mobilization and conflict
- 10. Nationalism, right-peopling and ethnic cleansing
- Part IV. Policy Consequences: Toward Nationalist Geopolitics?:
- 11. Conclusions for research and practice
- Part V. Supplementary Information: S4. War and state formation in Early Modern Europe
- S5 Nationalism and the puzzle of reversing state size
- S6. Shaping states into nations
- S7. Nationality questions and war
- S8. Restorative nationalism and war
- S9. Railroads, separatist mobilization, and conflict
- S10. Nationalism, 'right-peopling' and ethnic cleansing
- Bibliography
- Index.
- Show more