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23 - Gammaherpesviruses entry and early events during infection

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Bala Chandran  and
Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Bala Chandran
Affiliation:
Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

The two human gammaherpesviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a gamma 1 lymphocryptovirus and Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus (KSHV), a gamma 2 rhadinovirus, have many features in common. They share an architecture that is typical of all members of the herpesvirus family, they share an ability to establish latency in lymphocytes, and they are both initiators or potentiators of human tumors. For the virologist some of the challenges they present are the same, in particular the relative dearth of fully permissive, easily manipulated cell culture systems for study. In this respect the many years of work on EBV provided an initial roadmap to accelerate study of KSHV. However, the strategies that the viruses use for cell infection and replication provide not only interesting reflections of common ancestry, but also interesting contrasts in adaptation to unique cellular niches in their human hosts.

Target cells for EBV

EBV can infect a variety of cell types under different circumstances, including T-cells, NK -cells, smooth muscle cells and possibly follicular dendritic cells (Rickinson and Kieff, 2001). However, B-lymphocytes and epithelial cells are its two major targets. B-cells are the primary reservoir of virus in persistently infected individuals and it is likely, although not certain, that the first cell infected in vivo is an epithelial cell. There has been some controversy over whether EBV normally infects epithelial cells during the courses of a primary infection or whether the virus infects epithelial cells only in the context of oncogenesis (nasopharyngeal carcinoma) or extreme immune dysfunction (oral hairy leukoplakia).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 360 - 378
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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