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27 - Advancing articular cartilage repair through tissue engineering: from materials and cells to clinical translation

from Part V - Animal models and clinical applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2015

By
Megan J. Farrell  and
Robert L. Mauck
Edited by
Peter X. Ma
Megan J. Farrell
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Robert L. Mauck
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Peter X. Ma
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

Owing to the inability of cartilage to heal even minor defects, as well as the prevalence of osteoarthritis, the biological repair of this tissue has been the primary focus of decades of basic science and pre-clinical research. This research focussed on cartilage repair has witnessed marked advances via developments in biomaterials science as well as in tissue engineering methodologies. In this chapter, we review select topics in cartilage tissue engineering, describe current clinical cartilage repair procedures, and discuss ongoing considerations relating to the realization of these advances through pre-clinical animal models.

Cartilage

Cartilage is a collagenous, proteoglycan-rich, and water-saturated flexible soft connective tissue. A single cell type, the chondrocyte, is responsible for cartilage tissue maintenance and homeostasis. The tissue is aneural and avascular in the adult and relies on diffusion for nutrient and waste exchange (Brodin, 1955; Strangeways, 1920). The structure and function of cartilage categorizes these soft connective tissues into three broad groupings: elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, and hyaline cartilage (Gray and Goss, 1973).

Type
Chapter
Information
Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine , pp. 488 - 513
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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