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Integrating mental health into primary care in Nigeria: Implementation outcomes and clinical impact of the HAPPINESS intervention
- Theddeus Iheanacho, Casey Chu, Chinyere M. Aguocha, Emeka Nwefoh, Charles Dike
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- Journal:
- Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health / Volume 11 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 January 2024, e9
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Background
The Health Action for Psychiatric Problems In Nigeria including Epilepsy and SubstanceS (HAPPINESS) intervention is a multicomponent, community-based, mobile technology-supported intervention that integrates mental health into primary health care centers in Nigeria using the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme-Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG). This study evaluates its implementation and patient-level clinical impact using a quasi-experimental design (single cohort with pre- and post-measures).
FindingsThe HAPPINESS intervention implementation demonstrated high feasibility with 84% adoption rate (% of participating primary health centers that completed its roll out) and 81% fidelity (% of clinicians who completed required intervention components according to the protocol). Retention rate in care at 12 months was 86%. Among patients with complete clinical records analyzed (n = 178), there was a statistically significant reduction in 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scores from baseline (Md = 9.5) to 6 months (Md = 3.0) post-intervention (z = 80.5, p < 0.001), with a large effect size (r = 0.8) and statistically significant reduction in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores from baseline (Md = 36.0) to 6 months (Md = 17.0) post-intervention (z = 128.5, p < 0.001), with a large effect size (r = 0.9).
ImplicationsMobile technology-enhanced, mhGAP-IG-based efforts to scale-up mental health services in Nigeria are feasible and effective.
Assessment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii–colonized patients: Which specimens produce the highest yield?
- Casey Morrell, Kristina McClanahan, Lauren Daniel, James Burks, Argentina Charles, Ashley Marin, Jeanne Negley, Melanie Roderick, Carolyn Stover
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 3 / Issue S2 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 September 2023, p. s99
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Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (CRA) bacteria are an urgent public health threat. Accurate and timely testing of CRA is important for proper infection control practices to minimize spread. In 2017, the CDC estimated 8,500 CRA cases among hospitalized patients, 700 deaths, and $281 million in attributable healthcare costs. Treatment options are extremely limited for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections, making CRAB a unique concern. Colonization screening is a valuable tool for containment but requires sampling of 4 body sites. Identifying a reliable specimen collection site for CRAB is important to inform public health recommendations as screening can cost healthcare facilities valuable time and resources. Methods: Results of all screening specimens of patients with at least 1 site positive for CRAB on a unique collection date were extracted from the Southeast Regional data of Antimicrobial Resistance Lab Network (SEARLN) data. Non-CRAB screening and screenings that did not yield at least 1 positive result on a single collection date were excluded. We also limited our data to include only the following screening sites, which have been validated by the Tennessee Department of Health’s State Public Health Laboratory: axilla and groin, rectal, sputum, and wound. For each specimen source, we calculated the percentage of positive specimen among CRAB-colonized patients. Data were extracted and analyzed using SAS version 9.4 software. Results: The SEARLN data contained 594 CRAB screening specimens collected over 4 years, 2018 through 2021, and 486 of those specimens yielded CRAB. For CRAB-colonized patients screened in this study, wound specimens had the highest positivity rate at 93.4% (95% CI, 89.9%–96.9%) of samples culturing CRAB. Sputum followed at 87.7%, then axilla and groin at 77.6% and rectal at 59.7%. Conclusions: Wound specimens produced the highest proportion of positive cultures among CRAB-positive patients, making them the sample type with the highest prevalence in our study. For healthcare facilities with limited time and resources seeking to optimize their CRAB screening process, wound specimens may be the most reliable single site for detecting CRAB colonization in patients with an open wound. When a wound is not present, sputum may be a good alternative single-source collection site. More research should be conducted before CRAB screening recommendations are updated.
Disclosures: None
Index
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 16 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 07 November 2022, pp 194-198
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Part I - Women
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 16 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 07 November 2022, pp 9-10
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Frontmatter
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 16 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 07 November 2022, pp i-iv
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HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Casey Charles, Shiv Ganesh, Sulaimon Giwa, Kan Diana Kwok, Tetyana Semigina
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- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 16 June 2023
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- 07 November 2022
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Drawing on international perspectives and research, this book explores the experiences of sex and sexuality in individuals and groups living with HIV in later life (50+).
8 - Out in Africa: facing the HIV other in Nairobi
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
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- 16 June 2023
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- 07 November 2022, pp 139-158
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Summary
Losing self, facing others
In 2009, I came to Kenya to write poetry, having received a partial grant to attend Summer Literary Seminars, a writing workshop sponsored by Concordia University in Canada. I was trying to remake myself, trying to transition from literary critic to creative writer. The location of the seminar seemed ‘exotic’ – I had friends in Nairobi, a sister in Tanzania – but my main focus was craft, finding my voice. What transpired during my stay was entirely unanticipated for a 50-something gay professor from Montana who was quietly managing his HIV. In the process of discovering myself as a writer, I confronted the core of my identity through a face-to-face encounter with the other, with the otherness of HIV in Nairobi – an engagement, an intersection with the melancholy and vulnerability of other long-term HIV survivors (HIVLTS) whose stories were deeply uncanny, both shared and unknown. Through recounting their stories, through losing myself in relating the narratives of a heterosexual ex-sex worker from East Africa and others, I realised how my sexuality produced an unlikely tie to the other.
While it is impossible to ascribe my extraordinary contact with AIDS in East Africa specifically to the pleasure of self-loss or the relinquishment of ego, there remains a dynamic in the process of understanding (that is, standing under) another – some intimacy in the pleasure of telling another’s story – that corresponds deeply to the trajectory of death and life of an HIVLTS. My receptivity to the gestalt of understanding is arguably ascribable in part to the position of the gay HIV subject, who often has experienced the surrender of ego in the process of sexuality. Many years ago, Leo Bersani’s famous polemic declared that sex between men – and particularly that passive anal intercourse that frequently transmitted HIV – was not a springboard for a queer cultural revolution but, on the contrary, a reminder that sex at its core involves a disintegration, ‘a losing sight of the self ‘ in jouissance. For Bersani, the AIDS pandemic and its killing of sexual subjects around the world illustrates that sex between men often partakes of the invaluable experience of powerlessness, loss of ego, relinquishment of dominance (1987, p 222).
Part III - Intersectional lives, multiple stigmas
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
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- 16 June 2023
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- 07 November 2022, pp 137-138
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Contents
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 16 June 2023
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- 07 November 2022, pp v-vi
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Introduction
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
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- 16 June 2023
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- 07 November 2022, pp 1-8
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Summary
This book would have been unimaginable 35 years ago.
And yet, here we are. That, perhaps, is the central, unifying theme to this volume: all kinds of people living with HIV are alive, growing older and seeking to live all of their lives, including their sexual selves.
The world has been distracted by a different pandemic over the last few years, and certainly the readily transmissible COVID-19 has presented a major threat to the world and the global health infrastructure. But COVID-19 is far more promiscuous than HIV/AIDS about people it infects, which means stigma against people living with the coronavirus has been very limited, and protests have been more against government regulation and interventions than people with the coronavirus. The global health community, while arguably not in a timely enough way, moved with remarkable speed for such bureaucratic organisations. With a few notable exceptions, government responses to COVID-19 have been unprecedentedly rapid and robust. These responses have been far different from government responses to AIDS in the earliest days, when AIDS was called ‘GRID’ (1982, Gay-Related Immune Deficiency) in the United States, and from the refusal for years of some governments to acknowledge HIV in their countries (Boone and Batsell, 2001; Chigwedere et al, 2008; King, 2021). UNAIDS (2021) estimates that nearly 38 million people were living with HIV in 2020; since the start of the epidemic in the late 1970s, 79.3 million have been infected with HIV and 36.3 million have died from AIDS-related illnesses. Most of those infected and affected by HIV were in already-stigmatised communities: people in poor countries, poor people in wealthy countries, people of colour, men who have sex with men, injection drug users and combinations of all of these. The intersecting diseases of virus, stigma, fear, racism and discrimination greatly impeded the development of care for people living with HIV. It is notable that, because of the tremendous research foundation laid in the search for HIV treatments and vaccines, vaccines for COVID-19 were produced with unprecedented speed (Zuckerman and McKay, 2020).
The editors and contributors to this book have decades of experience of living with HIV or working with people living with HIV.
10 - Sanjeevani: early ageing and HIV survival in queer Mumbai
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
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- 16 June 2023
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- 07 November 2022, pp 174-190
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Summary
Age is just a number
The AIDS pandemic, now over four decades long, presents complex challenges to our understanding of the process of ageing. The disease itself surely existed before its accepted inception in 1981, and it will continue to plague populations well beyond another 40 years. AIDS has a recorded worldwide death toll of approximately 32 million and currently ranks as one of the longest-lasting plagues, after smallpox (1877–1977; Public Health Online, 2021). Metaphorically, as well, the pandemic has ‘grown up’ through our understanding of its biological intricacy and our ability to limit its lethal capacity through a series of antiretroviral treatments (ARTs) that have turned what in the 1980s brought an early frost to young men who contracted it into a chronic condition that keeps opportunistic infections at bay through protease, integrase and transcriptase inhibitors (Weiss, 2003).
‘You are in the middle of your life and you may be at the end of your life at the same time’, the Jungian Robert Bosnak remarked to his AIDS patient in his account of their therapeutic journey (1989, p 47). In many ways, the ageing of the pandemic captures the sense of this paradox, but what a pharmacological success story overlooks or, more pessimistically instantiates, is the nature of the life that has emerged for HIV long-term survivors (HIVLTS). Without a cure or vaccine, but with a daily drug regimen and its side effects, 21st-century AIDS has created a generation of HIV survivors who, I argue, suffer from early-onset ageing – physically, socially, even psychologically. Certainly, the switch from death sentence to one-pill-a-day undetectability (Olson and Goldstein, 2020) has for certain HIV populations meant a kind of resurrection, but the trauma of diagnosis and the temporary staving off of conditions like herpes, hepatitis and tuberculosis has taken its toll on the best of souls, many of whom must cope with continuing chronic medical conditions. Cardiovascular, osteopathic, neurocognitive, metabolic – such are the kinds of physical comorbidities that face the long-term survivor, whether she is 28 or 68. Immunosenescence in HIVLTS has become a field of medical research (Meir-Shafrir and Pollack, 2012; Tsoukas, 2014).
Part II - Gay and bisexual men
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 16 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 07 November 2022, pp 65-66
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Notes on contributors
- Edited by Mark Henrickson, Massey University, Auckland, Casey Charles, University of Montana, Shiv Ganesh, University of Texas, Austin, Sulaimon Giwa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Kan Diana Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, Tetyana Semigina, Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Ukraine
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- HIV, Sex and Sexuality in Later Life
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- Bristol University Press
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- 16 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 07 November 2022, pp vii-x
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329 Longitudinal immune profiling reveals unique myeloid and T cell phenotypes associated with spontaneous immunoediting in a novel prostate tumor model
- Casey Ager, Aleksandar Obradovic, Juan M. Arriaga, Matthew G. Chaimowitz, Cory Abate-Shen, Andrea Califano, Charles G. Drake
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue s1 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2022, p. 60
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Few preclinical models exist to study how tumors transition from prolonged stable disease ('equilibrium') to progressive disease ('escape'). We characterized a new murine tumor model the exhibits such behavior, and sought to identify and validate the role of unique tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets in this process. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We evaluated growth of NPK-C1 (originally LM7304; received from Dr. Cory Abate-Shen at Columbia University), a cell line developed from spontaneous prostate cancer lung metastases in NPK mice (Nkx3.1CreERT2/+Ptenflox/floxKrasLSL-G12D/+R26R-LSL-YFP/+), in immune competent (C57BL/6) and immune deficient mice (J/Nu). We determined the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in regulating the 'equilibrium to escape’ growth dynamics of NPK-C1 via in vivo cell depletions at key inflection points of tumor growth. To deeply profile the immune contexture of NPK-C1 at these inflection points, we developed a 28-color immunophenotyping panel for use on a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer. We performed dimensionality reduction and clustering analyses on these data using tSNE and FlowSOM algorithms within FlowJo (v10.6). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found that activated CD4 effector T cells are enriched in regressing NPK-C1 tumors, highlighting a role for CD4 T cells in antitumor immunity. CD8 T cells are also important for NPK-C1 control; specifically central memory-like cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Depletion of either CD4 or CD8 T cells during the equilibrium phase of NPK-C1 growth confirmed the role of these cells in antagonizing NPK-C1 escape. Tregs as a whole were counterintuitively enriched in regressing tumors, however high dimensional analysis reveals their significant phenotypic diversity, with a number of Treg subpopulations enriched in progressing tumors. In the myeloid compartment, we found that iNOS+ DC-like cells are enriched in regressing tumors, while CD103+ DCs are associated with late stage tumor progression. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In total, these analyses of the NPK-C1 model provide novel insights into the roles of lymphoid and myeloid populations throughout key phases of tumor/immune co-evolution, and highlight a role for multi-dimensional flow cytometry-based analyses to more deeply understand immune cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment.
A FEW REASONABLE WORDS
- Casey B. K. Dominguez, Cory Charles Gooding, Timothy W. McCarty
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- Journal:
- PS: Political Science & Politics / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / April 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 December 2019, pp. 325-326
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- April 2020
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Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Contributors
- Edited by Gro Nystuen, Stuart Casey-Maslen, Annie Golden Bersagel
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- Book:
- Nuclear Weapons under International Law
- Published online:
- 05 September 2014
- Print publication:
- 28 August 2014, pp viii-xiii
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Impact shocked rocks as protective habitats on an anoxic early Earth
- Casey C. Bryce, Gerda Horneck, Elke Rabbow, Howell G. M. Edwards, Charles S. Cockell
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Astrobiology / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / January 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 May 2014, pp. 115-122
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On Earth, microorganisms living under intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation stress can adopt endolithic lifestyles, growing within cracks and pore spaces in rocks. Intense UV irradiation encountered by microbes leads to death and significant damage to biomolecules, which also severely diminishes the likelihood of detecting signatures of life. Here we show that porous rocks shocked by asteroid or comet impacts provide protection for phototrophs and their biomolecules during 22 months of UV radiation exposure outside the International Space Station. The UV spectrum used approximated the high-UV flux on the surface of planets lacking ozone shields such as the early Earth. These data provide a demonstration that endolithic habitats can provide a refugium from the worst-case UV radiation environments on young planets and an empirical refutation of the idea that early intense UV radiation fluxes would have prevented phototrophs without the ability to form microbial mats or produce UV protective pigments from colonizing the surface of early landmasses.
Contributors
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
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- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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- By Syed S. Ali, Nathan Allen, John E. Arbo, Elizabeth Arrington, Ani Aydin, Kenneth R. L. Bernard, Amy Caggiula, Nolan Caldwell, Jennifer L. Carey, Jennifer Carnell, Jayaram Chelluri, Michael N. Cocchi, Cristal Cristia, Vishal Demla, Bram Dolcourt, Andrew Eyre, Shawn Fagan, Brandy Ferguson, Sarah Fisher, Jonathan Friedstat, Brian C. Geyer, Brandon Godbout, Jeremy Gonda, Jeremy Goverman, Ashley L. Greiner, Casey Grover, Carla Haack, Abigail Hankin, John W. Hardin, Katrina L. Harper, Gregory Hayward, Stephen Hendriksen, Daniel Herbert-Cohen, Nadine Himelfarb, Calvin E. Hwang, Jacob D. Isserman, Joshua Jauregui, Joshua W. Joseph, Elena Kapilevich, Feras H. Khan, Sarvotham Kini, Karen A. Kinnaman, Ruth Lamm, Calvin Lee, Jarone Lee, Charles Lei, John Lemos, Daniel J. Lepp, Elisabeth Lessenich, Brandon Maughan, Julie Mayglothling, Kevin McConnell, Laura Medford-Davis, Kamal Medlej, Heather Meissen, Payal Modi, Joel Moll, Jolene H. Nakao, Matthew Nicholls, Lindsay Oelze, Carolyn Maher Overman, Viral Patel, Timothy C. Peck, Jeffrey Pepin, Candace Pettigrew, Byron Pitts, Zubaid Rafique, Chanu Rhee, Jonathan C. Roberts, Daniel Rolston, Steven C. Rougas, Benjamin Schnapp, Kathryn A. Seal, Raghu Seethala, Todd A. Seigel, Navdeep Sekhon, Kaushal Shah, Robert L. Sherwin, Kirill Shishlov, Ashley Shreves, Sebastian Siadecki, Jeffrey N. Siegelman, Liza Gonen Smith, Ted Stettner, Marie Carmelle Tabuteau, Joseph E. Tonna, N. Seth Trueger, Chad Van Ginkel, Bina Vasantharam, Graham Walker, Susan Wilcox, Sandra J. Williams, Matthew L. Wong, Nelson Wong, Samantha Wood, John Woodruff, Benjamin Zabar
- Edited by Kaushal Shah, Jarone Lee, Kamal Medlej, American University of Beirut, Scott D. Weingart
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- Book:
- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
- Published online:
- 05 November 2013
- Print publication:
- 24 October 2013, pp xi-xx
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