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The HAM-D6 through the lens of grief: Clinical considerations for administering the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in the context of bereavement
- Maya Goldman, Stephanie Napolitano, Kailey E. Roberts, Wendy G. Lichtenthal
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 21 / Issue 6 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 October 2023, pp. 1079-1084
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Objectives
Diagnosing mental health challenges in bereavement is controversial; however, regardless of one’s position on this matter, assessments of bereaved individuals continue to occur in clinical and research contexts. It is critical for evaluations to account for contextual factors that are unique to bereavement. This paper summarizes considerations for diagnosing depression in bereaved individuals, focusing on use of the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6).
MethodsFollowing a literature review of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and various versions, we summarized decision rules we used in scoring the HAM-D6 in a study of parents bereaved by cancer. We expanded on existing scoring guidelines for each of the HAM-D6 items, including depressed mood, work and activities, general somatic symptoms, guilt, psychic anxiety, and psychomotor retardation, and illustrated clinical distinctions and probes for assessors to consider through case examples from our research with bereaved parents.
ResultsConsiderations for assessing depressive symptoms and behavior changes in the context of bereavement were summarized. Symptoms that may be diagnostic of depression in some populations may reflect other factors in the bereaved, such as a change in priorities, social expectations surrounding grief, or avoidance of grief activators. Nuanced factors are important for assessors to consider when administering the HAM-D6 to bereaved individuals.
Significance of resultsOur sharing of these considerations is not intended to promote diagnosis of depression in bereavement but to highlight the unique contextual factors that distinguish symptoms of depression from common experiences of grievers when applying an assessment tool such as the HAM-D6. While validated measures can be constraining, they can have clinical utility; they may increase standardization in research, help clinicians communicate with each other, advance the field more generally to understand the varying struggles bereaved individuals experience, and systemically facilitate access to services via managed care.
Increasing cefazolin use for surgical prophylaxis in penicillin-allergy–labeled patients
- Kathryn A. VanderVelde, Sarah L. Suppes, Katherine A. Gibbs, Kevin H. Latz, Angela C. Vanderpool, Rana E. El Feghaly, Jennifer L. Goldman
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 January 2023, e11
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Objective:
Penicillin (PCN) allergy labels affect antimicrobial selection for surgical prophylaxis. We aimed to increase the percentage of cefazolin usage in patients with PCN allergy labels undergoing orthopedic surgery from 50% to 80%.
Design:Quality improvement initiative.
Setting:Children’s Mercy Kansas City (CMKC), a freestanding children’s hospital.
Patients:Children scheduled for an orthopedic surgery (excluding spinal surgery) at CMKC who had a PCN allergy label and received a perioperative antibiotic.
Methods:No standardized process existed to identify and clarify PCN-allergic–labeled patients preoperatively. We developed a process for patient identification combined with a pharmacist phone interview for PCN allergy clarification. In plan–do–study–act (PDSA) part 1, we implemented a computer-generated patient list. In PDSA part 2, we combined automated identification with a phone interview. In PDSA part 3, we enhanced the patient list, making it timely and concise. In PDSA part 4, we included a PCN allergy clarification electronic survey to caregivers via the electronic medical record.
Results:Cefazolin use in PCN-allergic surgical patients increased from 50% to 74% following interventions. Patients who had their PCN allergy label clarified were 4 times more likely to receive cefazolin compared to those whose allergy labels were not clarified (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.68–11.61; P = 0.003). Moreover, 90% of patients received cefazolin when their PCN allergy was clarified and cefazolin was recommended. When a PCN allergy label was not clarified, only 59% of patients received cefazolin.
Conclusions:Appropriate clarification and documentation of PCN allergy labels increases the use of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis.
Chapter 18 - The Remaking of the “New Man” in Queer Cuban Cinema
- from Part IV - Positionalities
- Edited by Mónica Szurmuk, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina, Debra A. Castillo, Cornell University, New York
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- Latin American Literature in Transition 1980–2018
- Published online:
- 24 November 2022
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- 08 December 2022, pp 282-298
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Summary
In this chapter, Dara Goldman focuses on the case study of the “New Man” in Cuba and how it has been reconfigured in twenty-first-century LGBTQ films. The analysis focuses on Tomás Gutierrez Alea’s landmark film, Fresa y chocolate (1994), and how it positions queer sexuality vis-à-vis the revolutionary ideals and imagined future that it seeks to forge. The author also examines how recent films have repeatedly reposited and reimagined the central dialectic of Gutierrez Alea’s film, with particular attention to Mariyln Solaya’s Vestido de novia (2014). The author analyzes Fátima o el parque de la fraternidad (2015), which traces the evolution of and transgender transformation of the protagonist. The chapter places this work in dialogue with two other recent films – Conducta (2014) and Ultimos días en la Habana (2016) – that examine how masculinity is disciplined in moments of crisis. In the end, the author argues that the failures depicted in these works allow us to better understand the role of gender in Latin American cultures. As these works reimagine the parameters of gender and transgender, they confront the fundamental attachment to normative gender roles as a legitimating force in Latin American cultural traditions.
Novel expansion of a well-established antimicrobial stewardship program: Enhancing program efficiency and reach
- Ann L. Wirtz, Brian R. Lee, Alaina N. Burns, Ryan J. McDonough, Tammy S. Frank, Darrell E. Hall, Kate Vanlandingham, Jennifer L. Goldman
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 44 / Issue 6 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 August 2022, pp. 869-874
- Print publication:
- June 2023
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Objective:
To evaluate efficiency and impact of a novel antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) prospective-audit-with-feedback (PAF) review process using the Cerner Multi-Patient Task List (MPTL).
Design:Retrospective cohort study.
Setting:A 367-bed free-standing, pediatric academic medical center.
Methods:The ASP PAF review process expanded to monitor all systemic and inhaled antibiotics through use of the MPTL on July 23, 2020. Average number of daily ASP reviews, absolute number of monthly interventions, and time to conduct ASP reviews were compared between the preimplementation period and the postimplementation period following expansion. Antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days for overall and select antibiotics were compared between periods. ASP intervention characteristics were assessed.
Results:Average daily ASP reviews significantly increased following program expansion (9 vs 14 reviews; P < .0001), and the absolute number of ASP interventions each month also increased (34 vs 52 interventions; P ≤ .0001). Time to conduct daily ASP reviews increased in the postimplementation period (1.03 vs 1.32 hours). Overall antibiotic DOT per 1,000 patient days significantly decreased in the postimplementation period (457.9 vs 427.9; P < .0001) as well as utilization of select, narrow-spectrum antibiotics such as ampicillin and clindamycin. Intervention type and antibiotics were similar between periods. The ASP documented 128 “nonantibiotic interventions” in the postimplementation period, including culture and/or susceptibility testing (32.8%), immunizations (25.8%), and additional diagnostic testing (22.7%).
Conclusions:Implementation of an ASP PAF review process using the MPTL allowed for efficient expansion of a pre-existing ASP and a decrease in overall antibiotic utilization. ASP documentation was enhanced to fully track the impact of the program.
LO63: Evaluation of epinephrine secondary effects in a Canadian emergency department anaphylaxis adult cohort
- S. Gabrielli, M. Ben-Shoshan, A. Lachance, M. Rhéaume, L. Londei-Leduc, R. Goldman, E. Chan, J. Upton, E. Hochstadter, A. Bretholz, A. O'Keefe, D. Chu, J. Morris
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / May 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 May 2020, p. S30
- Print publication:
- May 2020
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Introduction: There are few large-scale studies assessing the true risk of epinephrine use during anaphylaxis in adults. We aimed to assess the demographics, clinical characteristics, and secondary effects of epinephrine treatment and to determine factors associated with major and minor secondary effects associated with epinephrine use among adults with anaphylaxis. Methods: From May 2012 to February 2018, adults presenting to the Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (HSCM) emergency department (ED) with anaphylaxis were recruited prospectively as part of the Cross-Canada Anaphylaxis Registry (C-CARE). Missed cases were identified through a previously validated algorithm. Data were collected on demographics, clinical characteristics, and management of anaphylaxis using a structured chart review. Multivariate logistic regression models were compared to estimate factors associated with side effects of epinephrine administration. Results: Over a 6-year period, 402 adult patients presented to the ED at HSCM with anaphylaxis. The median age was 38 years (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 27, 52) and 40.4% were males. The main trigger for anaphylaxis was food (53.0%). A total of 286 patients (71.1%) received epinephrine treatment, of which 23.9% were treated in the pre-hospital setting, 47.0% received treatment in the ED, and 5.0% received epinephrine in both settings. Among patients treated with epinephrine, major secondary effects were rare (1.4% of patients), including new changes to electrocardiogram, arrhythmia, and neurological symptoms. Minor secondary effects due to epinephrine were reported in 50.0% of patients, mainly inappropriate sinus tachycardia (defined as a rate over 100 beats/minute in 30.1%). Major cardiovascular secondary effects were associated with regular use of beta-blockers (aOR 1.10 [95%CI, 1.02, 1.18]), regular use of ACE-inhibitors (aOR 1.16 [95%CI, 1.07, 1.27]), and receiving more than two doses of epinephrine (aOR 1.09 [95%CI, 1.00, 1.18]). The model was adjusted for age, history of ischemic heart disease, trigger of anaphylaxis, presence of asthma, sex, and reaction severity. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was more likely in females (aOR 1.18 [95%CI, 1.04, 1.33]) and palpitations, tremors, and psychomotor agitation were more likely in females (aOR 1.09 [95%CI, 1.00, 1.19]) and among those receiving more than two doses of epinephrine (aOR 1.49 [95%CI, 1.14, 1.96]). The models were adjusted for age, regular use of medications, history of ischemic heart disease, triggers of anaphylaxis, presence of asthma, reaction severity, and IV administration of epinephrine. Conclusion: The low rate of occurrence of major secondary effects of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis in our study demonstrates the overall safety of epinephrine use.
The NAS-NRC Twin Registry and Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging: An Update
- Margaret Gatz, Brenda L. Plassman, Caroline M. Tanner, Samuel M. Goldman, Gary E. Swan, Marianne Chanti-Ketterl, Ellen E. Walters, David A. Butler
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 22 / Issue 6 / December 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 July 2019, pp. 757-760
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The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry is one of the oldest, national population-based twin registries in the USA. It comprises 15,924 White male twin pairs born in the years 1917–1927 (N = 31.848), both of whom served in the armed forces, chiefly during World War II. This article updates activities in this registry since the most recent report in Twin Research and Human Genetics (Page, 2006). Records-based data include information from enlistment charts and Veterans Administration data linkages. There have been three major epidemiologic questionnaires and an education and earnings survey. Separate data collection efforts with the NAS-NRC registry include the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) subsample, the Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging and a clinically based study of Parkinson’s disease. Progress has been made on consolidating the various data holdings of the NAS-NRC Twin Registry. Data that had been available through the National Academy of Sciences are now freely available through National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA).
Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study
- Timothy Matthews, Andrea Danese, Avshalom Caspi, Helen L. Fisher, Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Agnieszka Kepa, Terrie E. Moffitt, Candice L. Odgers, Louise Arseneault
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 49 / Issue 2 / January 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2018, pp. 268-277
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Background
The aim of this study was to build a detailed, integrative profile of the correlates of young adults’ feelings of loneliness, in terms of their current health and functioning and their childhood experiences and circumstances.
MethodsData were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2232 individuals born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was measured when participants were aged 18. Regression analyses were used to test concurrent associations between loneliness and health and functioning in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine childhood factors associated with young adult loneliness.
ResultsLonelier young adults were more likely to experience mental health problems, to engage in physical health risk behaviours, and to use more negative strategies to cope with stress. They were less confident in their employment prospects and were more likely to be out of work. Lonelier young adults were, as children, more likely to have had mental health difficulties and to have experienced bullying and social isolation. Loneliness was evenly distributed across genders and socioeconomic backgrounds.
ConclusionsYoung adults’ experience of loneliness co-occurs with a diverse range of problems, with potential implications for health in later life. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention to prevent lonely young adults from being trapped in loneliness as they age.
What we learn from TGAS about the moving groups of the Solar neighbourhood
- B. Goldman, E. Schilbach, S. Röser, P. Schöfer, A. Derekas, A. Moor, W. Brandner, T. Henning
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 12 / Issue S330 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 March 2018, pp. 214-215
- Print publication:
- April 2017
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We use the TGAS proper motions and parallaxes as well as published and new radial velocities to study the dynamics of nearby moving groups. In particular we try to determine their age using backtracing of the individual members to a common origin. We find that the current data, probably the radial velocities, do not allow to reach a successful conclusion.
The impact of geographic range, sampling, ecology, and time on extinction risk in the volatile clade Graptoloida
- James Boyle, H. David Sheets, Shuang-Ye Wu, Daniel Goldman, Michael J. Melchin, Roger A. Cooper, Peter M. Sadler, Charles E. Mitchell
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- Journal:
- Paleobiology / Volume 43 / Issue 1 / February 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 December 2016, pp. 85-113
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Although extinction risk has been found to have a consistent negative relationship with geographic range across wide temporal and taxonomic scales, the effect has been difficult to disentangle from factors such as sampling, ecological niche, or clade. In addition, studies of extinction risk have focused on benthic invertebrates with less work on planktic taxa. We employed a global set of 1114 planktic graptolite species from the Ordovician to lower Devonian to analyze the predictive power of species’ traits and abiotic factors on extinction risk, combining general linear models (GLMs), partial least-squares regression (PLSR), and permutation tests. Factors included measures of geographic range, sampling, and graptolite-specific factors such as clade, biofacies affiliation, shallow water tolerance, and age cohorts split at the base of the Katian and Rhuddanian stages.
The percent variance in durations explained varied substantially between taxon subsets from 12% to 45%. Overall commonness, the correlated effects of geographic range and sampling, was the strongest, most consistent factor (12–30% variance explained), with clade and age cohort adding up to 18% and other factors <10%. Surprisingly, geographic range alone contributed little explanatory power (<5%). It is likely that this is a consequence of a nonlinear relationship between geographic range and extinction risk, wherein the largest reductions in extinction risk are gained from moderate expansion of small geographic ranges. Thus, even large differences in range size between graptolite species did not lead to a proportionate difference in extinction risk because of the large average ranges of these species. Finally, we emphasize that the common practice of determining the geographic range of taxa from the union of all occurrences over their duration poses a substantial risk of overestimating the geographic scope of the realized ecological niche and, thus, of further conflating sampling effects on observed duration with the biological effects of range size on extinction risk.
Revision of the Upper Ordovician graptolite Diplograptus (Amplexograptus) recurrens richmondensis Ruedemann
- D. Goldman, C. E. Mitchell
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 65 / Issue 6 / November 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, pp. 1016-1017
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Morphology, systematics, and evolution of Middle Devonian Ambocoeliidae (Brachiopoda), western New York
- Daniel Goldman, Charles E. Mitchell
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- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 64 / Issue 1 / January 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, pp. 79-99
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The internal morphology of ambocoeliid brachiopods from the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group of western New York indicates a need for several taxonomic revisions. “Ambocoelia” praeumbona is transferred to Emanuella. “Ambocoelia” spinosa and “A.” nana represent Crurispina n. gen. Specimens of species belonging to Crurispina have moderately well developed crural plates, and, accordingly, they are assigned to the subfamily Rhynchospiriferinae. Crural plates are small and obscure but clearly present in Ambocoelia umbonata, the type species of Ambocoelia. Thus, the diagnosis of the subfamily Ambocoeliinae is emended to include species with tiny crural plates.
Ambocoeliid specimens from the Levanna Shale Member of the Skaneateles Formation, formerly referred to Echinocoelia, reveal several elaborate features in the pedicle valve, including an apical plate and a hollow tube supported by a median septum. These specimens represent a new genus and species, Mucroclipeus eliei. The homeomorphy found in the shape and size of these ambocoeliids may be the result of paedomorphosis. Additionally, their pattern of occurrence and minute size suggest that they attained their paedomorphic state through progenesis. The taxa Ambocoelia tuberculata n. sp., Crurispina n. gen., and Mucroclipeus eliei n. gen. and sp. are established.
The stratigraphic distribution of graptolites in the classic upper Middle Ordovician Utica Shale of New York State: an evolutionary succession or a response to relative sea-level change?
- Daniel Goldman, Charles E. Mitchell, Michael P. Joy
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- Journal:
- Paleobiology / Volume 25 / Issue 3 / Summer 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2016, pp. 273-294
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The stratigraphic distribution of graptoloid species within the upper Middle Ordovician strata of New York State represents a complex pattern of origination, extinction, faunal migration, and fluctuating relative abundances. In particular, the observed patterns of species turnover at graptolite biozone boundaries are apparently strongly correlated with lithofacies, sampling strategies, and the depositional effects of relative sea-level change.
Vertical facies changes that occur within third-order depositional sequences and fourth- or fifth-order parasequences are mirrored by changes in the graptoloid faunal composition. Large-scale faunal turnovers at biozone boundaries tend to occur either at sequence boundaries or at flooding surfaces within sequences (e.g., the base of Highstand System Tracts). The base of the Corynoides americanus and Climacograptus (D.) spiniferus Zones coincide with major onlap events, and the Orthograptus ruedemanni Zone fauna appears just below a Lowstand Systems Tract. Within individual biozones, smaller-scale changes such as the fluctuating relative abundances of graptoloid species coincide with higher-order parasequence cyclicity. These distribution patterns resemble recent computer-generated models for the sequence stratigraphic distribution of hypothetical taxa.
By combining good biogeographic control with a detailed sampling program, we are able to see through the patterns attributable to depositional cyclicity and identify the different components of faunal turnover (migration, speciation, and extinction).
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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- Edited by Allison Pease, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Companion to <I>To The Lighthouse</I>
- Published online:
- 05 December 2014
- Print publication:
- 29 December 2014, pp ix-xii
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- By Dor Abrahamson, Jerry Andriessen, Roger Azevedo, Michael Baker, Ryan Baker, Sasha Barab, Carl Bereiter, Susan Bridges, Mario Carretero, Carol K. K. Chan, Clark A. Chinn, Paul Cobb, Allan Collins, Kevin Crowley, Elizabeth A. Davis, Chris Dede, Sharon J. Derry, Andrea A. diSessa, Michael Eisenberg, Yrjö Engeström, Noel Enyedy, Barry J. Fishman, Ricki Goldman, James G. Greeno, Erica Rosenfeld Halverson, Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver, Michael J. Jacobson, Sanna Järvelä, Yasmin B. Kafai, Yael Kali, Manu Kapur, Paul A. Kirschner, Karen Knutson, Timothy Koschmann, Joseph S. Krajcik, Carol D. Lee, Peter Lee, Robb Lindgren, Jingyan Lu, Richard E. Mayer, Naomi Miyake, Na’ilah Suad Nasir, Mitchell J. Nathan, Narcis Pares, Roy Pea, James W. Pellegrino, William R. Penuel, Palmyre Pierroux, Brian J. Reiser, K. Ann Renninger, Ann S. Rosebery, R. Keith Sawyer, Marlene Scardamalia, Anna Sfard, Mike Sharples, Kimberly M. Sheridan, Bruce L. Sherin, Namsoo Shin, George Siemens, Peter Smagorinsky, Nancy Butler Songer, James P. Spillane, Kurt Squire, Gerry Stahl, Constance Steinkuehler, Reed Stevens, Daniel Suthers, Iris Tabak, Beth Warren, Uri Wilensky, Philip H. Winne, Carmen Zahn
- Edited by R. Keith Sawyer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences
- Published online:
- 05 November 2014
- Print publication:
- 17 November 2014, pp xv-xviii
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Association of selenium and copper with lipids in umbilical cord blood
- E. M. Wells, A. Navas-Acien, B. J. Apelberg, J. B. Herbstman, J. M. Jarrett, Y. H. Lin, C. P. Verdon, C. Ward, K. L. Caldwell, J. R. Hibbeln, R. U. Halden, F. R. Witter, L. R. Goldman
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- Journal:
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 5 / Issue 4 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 April 2014, pp. 281-287
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Altered levels of selenium and copper have been linked with altered cardiovascular disease risk factors including changes in blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear whether this can be observed prenatally. This cross-sectional study includes 274 singleton births from 2004 to 2005 in Baltimore, Maryland. We measured umbilical cord serum selenium and copper using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We evaluated exposure levels vis-à-vis umbilical cord serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in multivariable regression models adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, race, parity, smoking, prepregnancy body mass index, n-3 fatty acids and methyl mercury. The percent difference in triglycerides comparing those in the highest v. lowest quartile of selenium was 22.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1, 39.7). For copper this was 43.8% (95% CI: 25.9, 64.3). In multivariable models including both copper and selenium as covariates, copper, but not selenium, maintained a statistically significant association with increased triglycerides (percent difference: 40.7%, 95% CI: 22.1, 62.1). There was limited evidence of a relationship of increasing selenium with increasing total cholesterol. Our findings provide evidence that higher serum copper levels are associated with higher serum triglycerides in newborns, but should be confirmed in larger studies.
Contributors
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- By Judith Allen, Sanja Bahun, Suzanne Bellamy, Jessica Berman, Ian Blyth, Carole Bourne-Taylor, David Bradshaw, Claire Colebrook, Lisa L. Coleman, Patricia Morgne Cramer, Madelyn Detloff, Anne E. Fernald, Jane Goldman, Elena Gualtieri, Holly Henry, Ruth Hoberman, Margaret Homans, Maggie Humm, Mark Hussey, Vassiliki Kolocotroni, Jane Lilienfeld, Perry Meisel, Pam Morris, Linden Peach, Darya Protopopova, Bryony Randall, Derek Ryan, Sonita Sarker, Bonnie Kime Scott, Drew Patrick Shannon, Kathryn Simpson, Anna Snaith, Heidi Stalla, Thaine Stearns, Randall Stevenson, Jim Stewart, Emma Sutton, Michael H. Whitworth, E. H. Wright
- Edited by Bryony Randall, University of Glasgow, Jane Goldman, University of Glasgow
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- Virginia Woolf in Context
- Published online:
- 05 January 2013
- Print publication:
- 17 December 2012, pp ix-x
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- By Luis G. Acevedo, Schahram Akbarian, Ioanna Andreou, Krishnarao Appasani, Raghu K. Appasani, Julia Arand, David M. Ashley, Alexander R. Ball, Yehudit Bergman, Marina Bibikova, Angela Bithell, Francesca Bonafè, Eric E. Bouhassira, Victoria L. Boyd, Noel J. Buckley, Lars Olov Bygren, Claudio M. Caldarera, Gemma Carvill, James W. F. Catto, Sarah Derks, Ewa Dudziec, Jeffrey D. Falk, Jian-Bing Fan, Joseph M. Fernandez, David E. Fisher, Emanuela Fiumana, Tamara B. Franklin, Fei Gao, Arkadiusz Gertych, Emanuele Giordano, David Goldman, Markus Grammel, Carlo Guarnieri, Kevin L. Gunderson, Victoria (Fatemeh) G. Haghighi, Xu Han, Yong-Mahn Han, Howard C. Hang, Aditi Hazra, Laura B.K. Herzing, Norbert Hochstein, Robin Holliday, Dorothee Honsel, Mary A. Jelinek, Guanyu Ji, Yan Jiang, Atsushi Kaneda, Richard A. Katz, Hyemin Kim, Richard Kroon, Tapas K. Kundu, Benoit Labonté, Daeyoup Lee, Konstantin Lepikhov, Andrea Linnemann-Florl, Dirk Loeffert, Dylan Maixner, Isabelle M. Mansuy, Andreas Missel, D. V. Mohankrishna, Joana Carvalho Moreira de Mello, Paolo G. Morselli, Rituparna Mukhopadhyay, Claudio Muscari, Takashi Nagano, Frank Narz, Shuji Ogino, Carlo M. Oranges, Shari Orlanski, Alice Pasini, Ralf Peist, Lygia V. Pereira, Andrey Poleshko, Claire Rougeulle, Thea Rütjes, Ana Sanz, Benjamin G. Schroeder, Gerald Schock, Kornel Schuebel, B. Ruthrotha Selvi, Hogyu Seo, Natalia Shalginskikh, Andrew Sharp, Jun S. Song, Lennart Suckau, Azim Surani, Jian Tajbakhsh, Gustavo Turecki, Céline Vallot, Manon van Engeland, Jörn Walter, Nicholas C. Wong, Mark Wossidlo, Honglong Wu, Yurong Xin, Zhixiang Yan, Yu-Ying Yang, Mingzhi Ye, Kyoko Yokomori, Sephorah Zaman, Weihua Zeng, Gerald Zon
- Edited by Krishnarao Appasani
- Foreword by Azim Surani, University of Cambridge
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- Book:
- Epigenomics
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 02 August 2012, pp x-xxiv
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Algorithms for autonomous exploration and estimation in compliant environments
- R. E. Goldman, A. Bajo, N. Simaan
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This paper investigates algorithms for enabling surgical slave robots to autonomously explore shape and stiffness of surgical fields. The paper addresses methods for estimating shape and impedance parameters of tissue and methods for autonomously exploring perceived impedance during tool interaction inside a tissue cleft. A hybrid force-motion controller and a cycloidal motion path are proposed to address shape exploration. An adaptive exploration algorithm for segmentation of surface features and a predictor-corrector algorithm for exploration of deep features are introduced based on discrete impedance estimates. These estimates are derived from localized excitation of tissue coupled with simultaneous force measurements. Shape estimation is validated in ex-vivo bovine tissue and attains surface estimation errors of less than 2.5 mm with force sensing resolutions achievable with current technologies in minimally invasive surgical robots. The effect of scan patterns on the accuracy of the shape estimate is demonstrated by comparing the shape estimate of a Cartesian raster scan with overlapping cycloid scan pattern. It is shown that the latter pattern filters the shape estimation bias due to frictional drag forces. Surface impedance exploration is validated to successfully segment compliant environments on flexible inorganic models. Simulations and experiments show that the adaptive search algorithm reduces overall time requirements relative to the complexity of the underlying structures. Finally, autonomous exploration of deep features is demonstrated in an inorganic model and ex-vivo bovine tissue. It is shown that estimates of least constraint based on singular value decomposition of locally estimated tissue stiffness can generate motion to accurately follow a tissue cleft with a predictor-corrector algorithm employing alternating steps of position and admittance control. We believe that these results demonstrate the potential of these algorithms for enabling “smart” surgical devices capable of autonomous execution of intraoperative surgical plans.
Contributors
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- By Douglas L. Arnold, Laura J. Balcer, Amit Bar-Or, Sergio E. Baranzini, Frederik Barkhof, Robert A. Bermel, Francois A. Bethoux, Dennis N. Bourdette, Richard K. Burt, Peter A. Calabresi, Zografos Caramanos, Tanuja Chitnis, Stacey S. Cofield, Jeffrey A. Cohen, Nadine Cohen, Alasdair J. Coles, Devon Conway, Stuart D. Cook, Gary R. Cutter, Peter J. Darlington, Ann Dodds-Frerichs, Ranjan Dutta, Gilles Edan, Michelle Fabian, Franz Fazekas, Massimo Filippi, Elizabeth Fisher, Paulo Fontoura, Corey C. Ford, Robert J. Fox, Natasha Frost, Alex Z. Fu, Siegrid Fuchs, Kazuo Fujihara, Kristin M. Galetta, Jeroen J.G. Geurts, Gavin Giovannoni, Nada Gligorov, Ralf Gold, Andrew D. Goodman, Myla D. Goldman, Jenny Guerre, Stephen L. Hauser, Peter B. Imrey, Douglas R. Jeffery, Stephen E. Jones, Adam I. Kaplin, Michael W. Kattan, B. Mark Keegan, Kyle C. Kern, Zhaleh Khaleeli, Samia J. Khoury, Joep Killestein, Soo Hyun Kim, R. Philip Kinkel, Stephen C. Krieger, Lauren B. Krupp, Emmanuelle Le Page, David Leppert, Scott Litwiller, Fred D. Lublin, Henry F. McFarland, Joseph C. McGowan, Don Mahad, Jahangir Maleki, Ruth Ann Marrie, Paul M. Matthews, Francesca Milanetti, Aaron E. Miller, Deborah M. Miller, Xavier Montalban, Charity J. Morgan, Ichiro Nakashima, Sridar Narayanan, Avindra Nath, Paul W. O’Connor, Jorge R. Oksenberg, A. John Petkau, Michael D. Phillips, J. Theodore Phillips, Tammy Phinney, Sean J. Pittock, Sarah M. Planchon, Chris H. Polman, Alexander Rae-Grant, Stephen M. Rao, Stephen C. Reingold, Maria A. Rocca, Richard A. Rudick, Amber R. Salter, Paula Sandler, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, John R. Scagnelli, Dana J. Serafin, Lynne Shinto, Nancy L. Sicotte, Jack H. Simon, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Ryan E. Stagg, James M. Stankiewicz, Lael A. Stone, Amy Sullivan, Matthew Sutliff, Jessica Szpak, Alan J. Thompson, Bruce D. Trapp, Helen Tremlett, Maria Trojano, Orla Tuohy, Rhonda R. Voskuhl, Marc K. Walton, Mike P. Wattjes, Emmanuelle Waubant, Martin S. Weber, Howard L Weiner, Brian G. Weinshenker, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Jeffrey L. Winters, Jerry S. Wolinsky, Vijayshree Yadav, E. Ann Yeh, Scott S. Zamvil
- Edited by Jeffrey A. Cohen, Richard A. Rudick
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- Book:
- Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics
- Published online:
- 05 December 2011
- Print publication:
- 20 October 2011, pp viii-xii
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