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On more than two decades of Celestial Reference Frame VLBI observations in the deep south: IVS-CRDS (1995–2021)
- S. Weston, A. de Witt, Hana Krásná, Karine Le Bail, Sara Hardin, David Gordon, Shu Fengchun, Alan Fey, Matthias Schartner, Sayan Basu, Oleg Titov, Dirk Behrend, Christopher S. Jacobs, Warren Hankey, Federico Salguero, John E. Reynolds
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 40 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 June 2023, e041
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The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) regularly provides high-quality data to produce Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), and for the maintenance and realisation of the International Terrestrial and Celestial Reference Frames, ITRF and ICRF. The first iteration of the celestial reference frame (CRF) at radio wavelengths, the ICRF1, was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1997 to replace the FK5 optical frame. Soon after, the IVS began official operations and in 2009 there was a significant increase in data sufficient to warrant a second iteration of the CRF, ICRF2. The most recent ICRF3, was adopted by the IAU in 2018. However, due to the geographic distribution of observing stations being concentrated in the Northern hemisphere, CRFs are generally weaker in the South due to there being fewer Southern Hemisphere observations. To increase the Southern Hemisphere observations, and the density, precision of the sources, a series of deep South observing sessions was initiated in 1995. This initiative in 2004 became the IVS Celestial Reference Frame Deep South (IVS-CRDS) observing programme. This paper covers the evolution of the CRDS observing programme for the period 1995–2021, details the data products and results, and concludes with a summary of upcoming improvements to this ongoing project.
The association between feeding protocol compliance and weight gain following high-risk neonatal cardiac surgery
- Jamie M. Furlong-Dillard, Benjamin J. Miller, Kathy A. Sward, Alaina I. Neary, Trudy L. Hardin-Reynolds, Grace Jeffers, Bonnie A. Clay, Dongngan T. Truong, Thomas A. Miller, Courtney E. Jones, Linda M. Lambert, David K. Bailly
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 May 2019, pp. 594-601
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Background:
Children with congenital heart disease are at high risk for malnutrition. Standardisation of feeding protocols has shown promise in decreasing some of this risk. With little standardisation between institutions’ feeding protocols and no understanding of protocol adherence, it is important to analyse the efficacy of individual aspects of the protocols.
Methods:Adherence to and deviation from a feeding protocol in high-risk congenital heart disease patients between December 2015 and March 2017 were analysed. Associations between adherence to and deviation from the protocol and clinical outcomes were also assessed. The primary outcome was change in weight-for-age z score between time intervals.
Results:Increased adherence to and decreased deviation from individual instructions of a feeding protocol improves patients change in weight-for-age z score between birth and hospital discharge (p = 0.031). Secondary outcomes such as markers of clinical severity and nutritional delivery were not statistically different between groups with high or low adherence or deviation rates.
Conclusions:High-risk feeding protocol adherence and fewer deviations are associated with weight gain independent of their influence on nutritional delivery and caloric intake. Future studies assessing the efficacy of feeding protocols should include the measures of adherence and deviations that are not merely limited to caloric delivery and illness severity.
Keel bone injury in laying hens: the prevalence of injuries in relation to different housing systems, implications, and potential solutions
- E. HARDIN, F.L.S. CASTRO, W.K. KIM
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- Journal:
- World's Poultry Science Journal / Volume 75 / Issue 2 / June 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 March 2019, pp. 285-292
- Print publication:
- June 2019
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Increased pressure on the poultry industry by animal-rights organisations and environmentally-conscious consumers has led to the rising popularity of cage-free housing system for hens. One of the main dangers of cage-free housing systems is the possibility for laying hens to damage their keels. Keel bone fracture incidence rate ranges up to 85%, and can lead to extensive pain in any bird, and potentially be the cause of the death for a hen in a cage-free environment. It was reported that kneel bone damage observed in flocks housed in non-cage systems was 30 to 95% while in furnished cages it was 15 to 55%. The purpose of this review is to compare the prevalence of the problem found in the three main housing systems (conventional, enriched cage, and cage-free), discuss if such damage could affect the behaviour and production of laying hens, and provide potential solutions for reducing the prevalence of keel bone damage. Keel fractures can negatively affect a hen in its day-to-day life by causing pain and restricting its movements. The prevalence of keel bone damage varies considerably among the studies due to differences in the system design, genetic line, age and method for determining the keel damage, which makes difficult to compare the systems. The genetic selection, adequate nutrition and modifications in the house design have shown to be useful tools in reducing keel bone damage in laying hens.
ASYMPTOTIC LINEAR PROGRAMMING LOWER BOUNDS FOR THE ENERGY OF MINIMIZING RIESZ AND GAUSS CONFIGURATIONS
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- D. P. Hardin, T. J. Michaels, E. B. Saff
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- Journal:
- Mathematika / Volume 65 / Issue 1 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 September 2018, pp. 157-180
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- 2019
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Utilizing frameworks developed by Delsarte, Yudin and Levenshtein, we deduce linear programming lower bounds (as $N\rightarrow \infty$) for the Riesz energy of $N$-point configurations on the $d$-dimensional unit sphere in the so-called hypersingular case; i.e., for non-integrable Riesz kernels of the form $|x-y|^{-s}$ with $s>d$. As a consequence, we immediately get (thanks to the poppy-seed bagel theorem) lower estimates for the large $N$ limits of minimal hypersingular Riesz energy on compact $d$-rectifiable sets. Furthermore, for the Gaussian potential $\exp (-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}|x-y|^{2})$ on $\mathbb{R}^{p}$, we obtain lower bounds for the energy of infinite configurations having a prescribed density.
Farm Growth and Estate Transfer in an Uncertain Environment
- Odell L. Walker, Mike L. Hardin, Harry P. Mapp, Jr., Clint E. Roush
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- Journal:
- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / July 1979
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 April 2015, pp. 33-44
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Farm firm growth has been an important topic for research and discussion since the 1950s. Incentives for farm growth have been and continue to be substantial. An agricultural economy characterized by technological improvement, decreasing costs, competition, and an inelastic demand for farm products leaves little alternative but growth for a commercial farm. Farm growth is stimulated by the need to achieve size economies that arises partly from new technology and partly from large investments in machinery and equipment. Growth is encouraged by the improving managerial ability of the operator as he matures and gains experience. Increased family living needs and the desire to overcome the adverse effects of inflation on purchasing power spur interest in improving the farm's earning potential. In addition, the operator's goals may include size aspirations to satisfy the desire for a large operation or to support the family of a son or daughter attempting to become established in farming. Because the pressures for growth, both internal and external to the firm, are long-run phenomena in agriculture, continued study and evaluation of the process of entry, firm growth, and exit coordination are essential.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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The hot hELicon eXperiment (HELIX) and the large experiment on instabilities and anisotropy (LEIA)
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- E. E. Scime, P. A. Keiter, M. M. Balkey, J. L. Kline, X. Sun, A. M. Keesee, R. A. Hardin, I. A. Biloiu, S. Houshmandyar, S. Chakraborty Thakur, J. Carr, Jr., M. Galante, D. McCarren, S. Sears
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- Journal:
- Journal of Plasma Physics / Volume 81 / Issue 1 / January 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 October 2014, 345810103
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The West Virginia University Hot hELIcon eXperiment (HELIX) provides variable density and ion temperature plasmas, with controllable levels of thermal anisotropy, for space relevant laboratory experiments in the Large Experiment on Instabilities and Anisotropy (LEIA) as well as fundamental studies of helicon source physics in HELIX. Through auxiliary ion heating, the ion temperature anisotropy (T⊥/T∥) is variable from 1 to 20 for parallel plasma beta (β = 8πnkTi∥/B2) values that span the range of 0.0001 to 0.01 in LEIA. The ion velocity distribution function is measured throughout the discharge volume in steady-state and pulsed plasmas with laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The wavelengths of very short wavelength electrostatic fluctuations are measured with a coherent microwave scattering system. Operating at low neutral pressures triggers spontaneous formation of a current-free electric double layer. Ion acceleration through the double layer is detected through LIF. LIF-based velocity space tomography of the accelerated beam provides a two-dimensional mapping of the bulk and beam ion distribution functions. The driving frequency for the m = 1 helical antenna is continuously variable from 8.5 to 16 MHz and frequency dependent variations of the RF coupling to the plasma allow the spontaneously appearing double layers to be turned on and off without modifying the plasma collisionality or magnetic field geometry. Single and multi-species plasmas are created with argon, helium, nitrogen, krypton, and xenon. The noble gas plasmas have steep neutral density gradients, with ionization levels reaching 100% in the core of the plasma source. The large plasma density in the source enables the study of Aflvén waves in the HELIX device.
Contributors
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- By Syed S. Ali, Nathan Allen, John E. Arbo, Elizabeth Arrington, Ani Aydin, Kenneth R. L. Bernard, Amy Caggiula, Nolan Caldwell, Jennifer L. Carey, Jennifer Carnell, Jayaram Chelluri, Michael N. Cocchi, Cristal Cristia, Vishal Demla, Bram Dolcourt, Andrew Eyre, Shawn Fagan, Brandy Ferguson, Sarah Fisher, Jonathan Friedstat, Brian C. Geyer, Brandon Godbout, Jeremy Gonda, Jeremy Goverman, Ashley L. Greiner, Casey Grover, Carla Haack, Abigail Hankin, John W. Hardin, Katrina L. Harper, Gregory Hayward, Stephen Hendriksen, Daniel Herbert-Cohen, Nadine Himelfarb, Calvin E. Hwang, Jacob D. Isserman, Joshua Jauregui, Joshua W. Joseph, Elena Kapilevich, Feras H. Khan, Sarvotham Kini, Karen A. Kinnaman, Ruth Lamm, Calvin Lee, Jarone Lee, Charles Lei, John Lemos, Daniel J. Lepp, Elisabeth Lessenich, Brandon Maughan, Julie Mayglothling, Kevin McConnell, Laura Medford-Davis, Kamal Medlej, Heather Meissen, Payal Modi, Joel Moll, Jolene H. Nakao, Matthew Nicholls, Lindsay Oelze, Carolyn Maher Overman, Viral Patel, Timothy C. Peck, Jeffrey Pepin, Candace Pettigrew, Byron Pitts, Zubaid Rafique, Chanu Rhee, Jonathan C. Roberts, Daniel Rolston, Steven C. Rougas, Benjamin Schnapp, Kathryn A. Seal, Raghu Seethala, Todd A. Seigel, Navdeep Sekhon, Kaushal Shah, Robert L. Sherwin, Kirill Shishlov, Ashley Shreves, Sebastian Siadecki, Jeffrey N. Siegelman, Liza Gonen Smith, Ted Stettner, Marie Carmelle Tabuteau, Joseph E. Tonna, N. Seth Trueger, Chad Van Ginkel, Bina Vasantharam, Graham Walker, Susan Wilcox, Sandra J. Williams, Matthew L. Wong, Nelson Wong, Samantha Wood, John Woodruff, Benjamin Zabar
- Edited by Kaushal Shah, Jarone Lee, Kamal Medlej, American University of Beirut, Scott D. Weingart
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- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
- Published online:
- 05 November 2013
- Print publication:
- 24 October 2013, pp xi-xx
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Contributors
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- By Paul Brady, Kevin L. Cope, David Erdos, Denis J. Galligan, Tom Ginsburg, Benedikt Goderis, Russell Hardin, Binesh Hass, Ran Hirschl, Jeff King, Phoebe King, David S. Law, Clark B. Lombardi, Pedro C. Magalhães, Anne Meuwese, Christina E. Parau, Charles O. H. Parkinson, Miguel Schor, Adam Shinar, Daniel Smilov, Brian Z. Tamanaha, Mila Versteeg, Neil Walker
- Edited by Denis J. Galligan, University of Oxford, Mila Versteeg, University of Virginia
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- Book:
- Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions
- Published online:
- 05 September 2013
- Print publication:
- 14 October 2013, pp xvii-xviii
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Two-way selection for body weight in Tribolium on two levels of nutrition*
- R. T. Hardin, A. E. Bell
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- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / June 1967
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, pp. 309-330
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Parameters necessary for predicting direct and correlated responses for large and small 13-day larval weight in T. castaneum on two levels of nutrition were estimated in the base population. Larval weight in the GOOD environment was approximately twice that observed in POOR. Heritabilities (estimated from the ratio of sire component to total phenotype variance) of larval weight on the two rations were similar, 0·21 ± 0·06 and 0·19 ± 0·05 for GOOD and POOR, respectively. Heritabilities based on dam-offspring covariances were similar to these, but those obtained from full-sib covariances were much larger (0·97 ± 0·07 for GOOD and 0·69 ± 0·07 for POOR). This suggested that considerable dominance rather than maternal effects were present. The genetic correlation between growth on GOOD and growth on POOR was estimated as + 0·60 ± 0·21.
The selection experiment was replicated four times with each replication extending over eight generations. Good agreement between predicted and observed values for direct selection was observed for large selection in both environments and small selection in POOR. However, response to small selection in GOOD was significantly greater than predicted in all four replications and was associated with increased selection differentials. Realized heritabilities were approximately the same for both directions in GOOD yet asymmetrical responses occurred for all replications due to unequal selection differentials. On the other hand, realized heritabilities were asymmetrical in POOR. Those observed for small selection were more than twice the size of those calculated for large lines. However, the responses in POOR were symmetrical since the selection differentials varied inversely with the realized heritabilities.
Because of the asymmetry observed for heritabilities and selection differentials, correlated responses were poorly predicted. The average effective genetic correlation between growth in GOOD and growth in the POOR environment agreed remarkably well with the base estimate, yet asymmetry of the genetic correlation was a consistent phenomenon with values for the large lines being less than the base parameter while small lines were uniformly larger.
Asymmetries of the various genetic parameters were not anticipated from base estimates. They were not caused by sampling or chance fluctuations since all four replications were remarkably consistent. Asymmetry for any one genetic parameter (e.g. heritability) was associated with a particular environment or direction of selection while other genetic parameters reacted asymmetrically in populations exposed to a different set of environmental treatments.
For maximum performance in a single environment, these results show that selection should be practiced in that environment. With regard to mean performance in GOOD and POOR environments, selection for large size in POOR gave some 25% more gain than selection in GOOD. Selection for small size in either environment was equally effective in obtaining minimum size in both environments.
Infrared Microspectroscopic Mapping of Natural Textile Fibers
- David S. Himmelsbach, Sadia Khalili, Danny E. Akin, Ian R. Hardin
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 10 / Issue S02 / August 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2004, pp. 1330-1331
- Print publication:
- August 2004
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Association of Antibiotic Utilization Measures and Control of Multiple-Drug Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Jan E. Patterson, Thomas C. Hardin, Cindy A. Kelly, Rosa C. Garcia, James H. Jorgensen
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 21 / Issue 7 / July 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 455-458
- Print publication:
- July 2000
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Objective:
To study the association of antibiotic-utilization measures and control of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae after emergence in two hospitals in our medical center.
Design and Setting:Rates of MDR K pneumoniae at two hospitals were compared before and after acute interventions, including emphasis on Contact Precautions and education in antibiotic utilization. Antipseudomonal β-lactam antibiotic use was measured before and after the interventions at both hospitals. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of whole cell DNA was used as a marker of strain identity.
Results:Clonal strain dissemination was the major mechanism of emergence at hospital A; emergence was polyclonal at hospital B. Antibiotic-utilization interventions at both institutions included physician education regarding the association of ceftazidime use and MDR K pneumoniae. At hospital A, ceftazidime use decreased from 4,301 g in the preintervention period, to 1,248 g in the postintervention period. Piperacillin-tazobactam use increased from 12,455 g to 17,464 g. Ceftazidime resistance in Kpneumoniae decreased from 110 (22%) of 503 isolates to 61 (15%) of 407 isolates (P<.05); piperacillin-tazobactam resistance decreased from 181 (36%) of 503 to 77 (19%) of 407 isolates (P<.05). At hospital B, ceftazidime use decreased from 6,533 g in the preintervention period to 4,792 g in the postintervention period. Piperacillin-tazobactam use increased from 58,691 g to 67,027 g. Ceftazidime resistance in K pneumoniae decreased from 42 (10%) of 415 isolates to 19 (5%) of 383 isolates (P<.05). Piperacillin-tazobactam resistance decreased from 91 (22%) of 415 isolates to 54 (14%) of 383 isolates (P<.05). Follow-up data showed continued decrease in piperacillin-tazobactam resistance despite increased use at both hospitals.
Conclusions:Antibiotic-use measures may be particularly important for control of MDR K pneumoniae, whether emergence is clonal or polyclonal.
Extraction of 14C from Pore Water in Unsaturated Rock Using Vacuum Distillation
- G. R. Davidson, E. L. Hardin, R. L. Bassett
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- Journal:
- Radiocarbon / Volume 37 / Issue 3 / 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 July 2016, pp. 861-874
- Print publication:
- 1995
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We discuss a vacuum-distillation method for obtaining representative 14C samples from dissolved inorganic carbon in rock pore-waters. Distillation offers four advantages over current centrifugation and compression methods for obtaining pore-water carbon: 1) carbon recovery is possible from rocks that will not yield water by centrifugation or compression; 2) the mass required for 14C analysis can typically be obtained in a single extraction, eliminating the need for storing and combining multiple pore-water collections; 3) water and carbon are extracted and isolated simultaneously, reducing the number of required steps and the potential for contamination; and 4) distillation requires less equipment at lower cost than centrifugation or compression. In this study, isotopic fractionation resulting from incomplete recovery of carbon during distillation was too high for stable isotope applications, but was relatively minor for 14C applications. The lighter isotopes were favored in the recovered phase, resulting in samples depleted in 14C by a maximum of 4%. Mass balance calculations indicate that there may be a significant reservoir of carbon absorbed to mineral surfaces that is only partially removed by this method. Incorporation of adsorbed carbon into the recovered sample did not measurably alter the 14C activity.
Relations between passage rates of rumen fluid and particulate matter and foam production in rumen contents of cattle fed on different diets ad lib.
- E. K. Okine, G. W. Mathison, R. T. Hardin
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 61 / Issue 2 / March 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2007, pp. 387-395
- Print publication:
- March 1989
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1. A group of six cattle, three of which had a non-bloating history (group A) and had been ruminally cannulated for the previous 2 years, and three with a history of being bloat-prone (group B) and which had been ruminally cannulated only 3 months before the study, were fed ad lib. on chopped lucerne (Medicago sotiva) hay, lucerne pellets, or a 100 g chopped hay and 900 g rolled barley grain/kg diet over three periods of 30 d each. Flow of rumen digesta, by reference to CoEDTA and chromium-mordanted fibres, and foam production from samples of rumen contents were measured.
2. Samples of rumen contents (50 ml) from group A produced foam heights of 150 and 60 mm, 2 and 4 h after feeding respectively, compared with 240 and 150 mm for group B (P < 0.05).
3. The fractional passage rate of the 1-2 mm particles mordanted with Cr did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups.
4. The fractional outflow rates (FOR) for CoEDTA 0-2 h and 2-7 h after feed was offered were 0.205 and 0.160/h for group A and 0.093 and 0.086/h for group B respectively (P < 0.05).
5. Rumen-fluid FOR 0-2 h and 2-7 h after provision of feed were significantly (P < 0.05) inversely correlated (r -0.74 and -0.85 respectively) with the amount of foam produced from rumen contents at these times.