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22 Cognitive and Psychological Profiles of a Specialized Military Force
- Ida Babakhanyan, Alia Westphal, Juan Lopez, Melissa Caswell, Angela Basham, Jason M Bailie
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 704-705
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Objective:
The Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) community within the US Military is a specialized force in charge of the most fundamental aspects of the military operations in combat which include disarming and safely disposing explosive threats. EOD technicians have provided critical protection for our military and civilians exposed to improvised explosive devices (IEDs), which became the signature threat of both Afghan and Iraq wars. The nature of the job puts EOD technicians at high risk for blast exposures (from training and combat) resulting in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sub-concussive head impact. Further, this population is exposed to high levels of combat with psychologically traumatic events. Given the groups neurological and psychological risk factors as well as their critical role in combat, we hypothesized that EOD technicians will present with increased psychological and neurobehavioral symptoms as well decreased cognitive functioning compared to other military personnel.
Participants and Methods:Participants were recruited from a military hospital with at least one diagnosed mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Exclusion criteria included TBI greater then mild severity and invalid performance on the Rey-15. Final sample included 10 EOD and 90 other military.
CognCognitive measures included Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Reviseitive measures included Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R); DKEFS Color Word Condition 4 Switching (CW4), Trail Making Condition 3 Letter Sequencing (TM3) and Condition 4 Switching (TM4), and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Self-report measures included the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), Key Behaviors Change Inventory (KBCI), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-M), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Combat Exposure Scale (CES) and Blast Exposure Threshold Survey (BETS). The Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method (OSU) assessed TBI history.
Results:EOD were older (EOD M=38.4, SD=4.06; Others M=33.32, SD=8.08; p=0.05), had a higher pre-morbid IQ (EOD M=110.90, SD=7.64; Other M=101.59, SD=10.55; p=0.008), more combat deployments (EOD M=5.5, SD=2.37; Others M=3.55, SD=2.98; p=0.049) and exposure to wartime atrocities (CES, p=0.003). They had greater number of MTBI (OSU EOD M=6.67, SD=3.33; Other M=3.67, SD=2.34; p=0.007), blast related MTBI (OSU-TBI EOD M=2.33, SD=1.63; Other M=0.67, SD=0.91; p<0.001), and exposure to large explosives (BETS p<0.0001). EOD reported better attention skills (KBCI Inattention, p=0.016, d=0.82; Impulsivity p=0.047, d=0.67). There was a trend for EOD to have lower neurobehavioral symptoms (NSI Total, d=0.32), post-traumatic stress (PCL d=0.39), and depression (PHQ d=0.50); however, despite the moderate effect sizes (p’s >0.05). EOD presented with significantly better scores on DKEFS TMT3 (p=0.037, d=0.70), HVLT-R-Total (p=0.001, d=1.10), HVLT-R-Delayed (p=0.03, d=0.74), and attention/executive functioning skills (PASAT p=0.001, d=1.12). DKEFTS CW4 Switching (d=0.51) and TMT4 Switching were approaching significance (d=0.61) with EOD performing better.
Conclusions:As expected, the EOD sample in this study had higher number of combat deployments, greater exposure to combat atrocities (e.g., death), higher levels of exposure to large explosives, as well as a higher number of MTBI. Inconsistent with our hypotheses, despite these psychological and neurological risk factors, EOD performed better on cognitive measures of memory, attention and executive functioning. They also reported less problems with inattention and impulsivity. Results may reflect the impact of psychological and cognitive resiliency.
P.104 Grade 3 meningioma survival, recurrence and functional outcomes in an international multicenter cohort
- AD Rebchuk, K Tosefsky, JZ Wang, Y Ellenbogen, R Drexler, FL Ricklefs, T Sauvigny, U Schüller, C Cutler, B Lucke-Wold, Y Mehkri, S Lama, G Sutherland, M Karsy, BL Hoh, M Westphal, G Zadeh, S Yip, S Makarenko
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 50 / Issue s2 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 June 2023, p. S85
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Background: Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor, graded from 1 (benign) to 3 (malignant). The aim of this study was to identify clinical features associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and functional status for malignant meningiomas. Methods: Demographic, clinical and histopathological data from grade 3 intracranial meningioma cases were identified in the clinical databases from seven sites in North America and Europe from 1991-2022. Summary statistics and Kaplan-Meier OS and PFS curves were generated. Results: We identified 108 patients, with a median age 65 years (IQR: 52, 72) and 53.7% were female. Median OS was 109 months (95% CIs: 88, 227), and 5-year OS rate was 65% (95% CIs: 56, 76). Median PFS was 38 months (95% CIs: 24, 56) and 5-year PFS rate was 37% (95% CIs: 28, 49). OS and PFS were significantly lower in patients aged ≥65 years. Median preoperative KPS score was 80 (IQR: 70, 90), postoperatively KPS was 90 (IQR: 70, 98) and 1-year follow-up KPS was 70 (IQR: 50, 80). Conclusions: This study provides robust survival, recurrence and functional data for grade 3 meningiomas in North America and Europe over a 30-year period.
Does adaptive thermogenesis occur after weight loss in adults? A systematic review
- Catarina L. Nunes, Nuno Casanova, Ruben Francisco, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Mark Hopkins, Luís B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 127 / Issue 3 / 14 February 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 March 2021, pp. 451-469
- Print publication:
- 14 February 2022
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Adaptive thermogenesis (AT) has been proposed to be a compensatory response that may resist weight loss (WL) and promote weight regain. This systematic review examined the existence of AT in adults after a period of negative energy balance (EB) with or without a weight stabilisation phase. Studies published until 15 May 2020 were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included statistically significant WL, observational with follow-up or experimental studies, age > 18y, sample size ≥10 participants, intervention period ≥ 1week, published in English, objective measures of total daily energy expenditure (EE) (TDEE), resting EE (REE) and sleeping EE(SEE). The systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (2020 CRD42020165348). A total of thirty-three studies comprising 2528 participants were included. AT was observed in twenty-seven studies. Twenty-three studies showed significant values for AT for REE (82·8 %), four for TDEE (80·0 %) and two for SEE (100 %). A large heterogeneity in the methods used to quantify AT and between subjects and among studies regarding the magnitude of WL and/or of AT was reported. Well-designed studies reported lower or non-significant values for AT. These findings suggest that although WL may lead to AT in some of the EE components, these values may be small or non-statistically significant when higher-quality methodological designs are used. Furthermore, AT seems to be attenuated, or non-existent, after periods of weight stabilisation/neutral EB. More high-quality studies are warranted not only to disclose the existence of AT but also to understand its clinical implications on weight management outcomes.
Effect of aggregation form on bioavailability of zeaxanthin in humans: a randomised cross-over study
- Judith Hempel, Anja Fischer, Monique Fischer, Josef Högel, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Reinhold Carle, Ralf M. Schweiggert
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 118 / Issue 9 / 14 November 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 November 2017, pp. 698-706
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- 14 November 2017
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Carotenoid bioavailability from plant and animal food is highly variable depending on numerous factors such as the physical deposition form of carotenoids. As the carotenoid zeaxanthin is believed to play an important role in eye and brain health, we sought to compare the human bioavailability of an H-aggregated with that of a J-aggregated deposition form of zeaxanthin encapsulated into identical formulation matrices. A randomised two-way cross-over study with sixteen participants was designed to compare the post-prandial bioavailability of an H-aggregated zeaxanthin and a J-aggregated zeaxanthin dipalmitate formulation, both delivering 10 mg of free zeaxanthin. Carotenoid levels in TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions were analysed over 9·5 h after test meal consumption. Bioavailability from the J-aggregated formulation (AUC=55·9 nmol h/l) was 23 % higher than from the H-aggregated one (AUC=45·5 nmol h/l), although being only marginally significant (P=0·064). Furthermore, the same formulations were subjected to an internationally recognised in vitro digestion protocol to reveal potential strengths and weaknesses of simulated digestions. In agreement with our human study, liberation of zeaxanthin from the J-aggregated formulation into the simulated duodenal fluids was superior to that from the H-aggregated form. However, micellization rate (bioaccessibility) of the J-aggregated zeaxanthin dipalmitate was lower than that of the H-aggregated zeaxanthin, being contradictory to our in vivo results. An insufficient ester cleavage during simulated digestion was suggested to be the root cause for these observations. In brief, combining our in vitro and in vivo observations, the effect of the different aggregation forms on human bioavailability was lower than expected.
Person-centered care and engagement via technology of residents with dementia in aged care facilities
- Anita M. Y. Goh, Samantha M. Loi, Alissa Westphal, Nicola T. Lautenschlager
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 29 / Issue 12 / December 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 August 2017, pp. 2099-2103
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Touchscreen technology (TT) is a resource that can improve the quality of life of residents with dementia, and care staff, in residential aged care facilities (RACF) through a person-centered care approach. To enable the use of TTs to engage and benefit people with dementia in RACFs, education is needed to explore how these devices may be used, what facilitates use, and how to address barriers. We sought to provide education and explore RACF staff views and barriers on using TT to engage their residents with dementia. An educational session on using TT with residents with dementia was given to staff from three long-term RACFs in Melbourne, Australia. A cross-sectional convenience sample of 17 staff members (personal care attendants, registered nurses, enrolled nurses, allied health clinicians, and domestic staff) who attended were administered questionnaires pre- and post-sessions. As a result of the education seminar, they were significantly more confident in their ability to use TT devices with residents. TT, and education to staff about its use with residents with dementia, is a useful strategy to enhance RACF staff knowledge and confidence, thereby enhancing the use of technology in RACFs in order to improve care standards in people with dementia.
An investigation of residential facility staff usage of touchscreen technology
- Samantha M. Loi, Alissa Westphal, Nicola T. Lautenschlager
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- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 29 / Issue 12 / December 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2017, pp. 2095-2098
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Older adults may become more familiar and interested in using touchscreen technology (TT). TT can be used to engage older adults living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and staff there can play an important role in supporting residents to use TT. However, before these are introduced, it is crucial to investigate their opinions in using TT with residents. A questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model was administered to assess staff usage and confidence in using TT, their perceptions in TT ease-of-use and usefulness in helping them care for their residents. Perhaps unsurprisingly, results found that respondents were familiar using TT. More importantly, staff reported that they were interested in engaging residents with TT and nominated different training methods to support them such as group in-services. This project provides information about staff experience and acceptance of the use of TT for residents in RACFs.
Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy:A non-Destructive Probe of Formation History in Extraterrestrial Samples
- A. S. McLeod, G. Dominguez, Z. Gainsforth, P. Kelly, F. Keilmann, A. Westphal, M. Thiemens, D. N. Basov
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 20 / Issue S3 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2014, pp. 1668-1669
- Print publication:
- August 2014
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Coordinated Microanalyses of Seven Particles of Probable Interstellar Origin from the Stardust Mission.
- Andrew J. Westphal, Rhonda M. Stroud, Hans A. Bechtel, Frank E. Brenker, Anna L. Butterworth, George J. Flynn, David R. Frank, Zack Gainsforth, Jon K. Hillier, Frank Postberg, Alexandre S. Simionovici, Veerle J. Sterken, Carlton Allen, David Anderson, Asna Ansari, Saˇsa Bajt, Ron K. Bastien, Nabil Bassim, John Bridges, Donald E. Brownlee, Mark Burchell, Manfred Burghammer, Hitesh Changela, Peter Cloetens, Andrew M. Davis, Ryan Doll, Christine Floss, Eberhard Gru¨n, Philipp R. Heck, Peter Hoppe, Bruce Hudson, Joachim Huth, Anton Kearsley, Ashley J. King, Barry Lai, Jan Leitner, Laurence Lemelle, Ariel Leonard, Hugues Leroux, Robert Lettieri, William Marchant, Larry R. Nittler, Ryan Ogliore, Wei Jia Ong, Mark C. Price, Scott A. Sandford, Juan-Angel Sans Tresseras, Sylvia Schmitz, Tom Schoonjans, Kate Schreiber, Geert Silversmit, Vicente A. Solé, Ralf Srama, Frank Stadermann, Thomas Stephan, Julien Stodolna, Stephen Sutton, Mario Trieloff, Peter Tsou, Tolek Tyliszczak, Bart Vekemans, Laszlo Vincze, Joshua Von Korff, Naomi Wordsworth, Daniel Zevin, Michael E. Zolensky
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 20 / Issue S3 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2014, pp. 1692-1693
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- August 2014
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Interdisciplinary X-Ray Microanalysis: From Planets and Comets to Artifacts and Fine Art
- E. Silver, T. Lin, E. Vicenzi, A. Martin, M. Toth, A. Westphal, J. Beeman, E.E. Haller
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 20 / Issue S3 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2014, pp. 716-717
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- August 2014
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Capture and Sequestration of Radioactive Iodine
- Brian Westphal, Daniel G. Cummings, Jeff J. Giglio, Dennis L. Wahlquist, Ken J. Bateman, William M. McCartin, Jang J. Park, Jin M. Shin, Bruce D. Begg
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1265 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 1265-AA02-04
- Print publication:
- 2010
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Trapping experiments have been performed at the Idaho National Laboratory to assess the performance of AgX sorbent media in capturing volatile iodine during the oxidation of irradiated oxide fuel. The demonstration of iodine release and capture from the used fuel has been accomplished with laboratory-scale equipment in a hot cell environment. Iodine loadings as high as 6 ug/g media have been achieved via chemical adsorption with filter efficiencies in excess of 90%. In addition to iodine, significant quantities of tritium have also been collected on the AgX filter media. Filter media loaded with radioactive iodine has been sequestered in a tin matrix by hot isostatic pressing at 200°C. The placement and encapsulation of the sorbent media was examined by neutron radiography, thus confirming the sequestration of radioactive iodine.
CRESST
- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, G. Angloher, M. Bauer, I. Bavykina, A. Bento, A. Brown, C. Bucci, C. Ciemniak, C. Coppi, G. Deuter, F. von Feilitzsch, D. Hauff, S. Henry, P. Huff, J. Imber, S. Ingleby, C. Isaila, J. Jochum, M. Kiefer, M. Kimmerle, H. Kraus, J.-C. Lanfranchi, R.F. Lang, B. Majorovits, M. Malek, R. McGowan, V.B. Mikhailik, E. Pantic, F. Petricca, S. Pfister, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, W. Rau, S. Roth, K. Rottler, C. Sailer, K. Schäffner, J. Schmaler, S. Scholl, W. Seidel, L. Stodolsky, A.J.B. Tolhurst, I. Usherov, W. Westphal
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 231-236
- Print publication:
- 2009
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The CRESST-II direct Dark Matter search is located in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, Italy. CaWO4 crystals are used as scintillating targets for WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) interactions. They are operated as cryogenic calorimeters in combination with a second cryogenic detector used to measure the scintillation light produced in the target crystal. For each particle interaction, the combination of phonon and light signals provides an event by event discrimination which allows to distinguish known particles (alphas, betas, gammas, neutrons) from the expected signal of WIMPs. A major upgrade of the setup comprises modifications of the shielding, installation of a muon-veto, and new read out electronics, as well as a new detector-support structure to accommodate up to 33 detector modules, i.e. 10 kg of target mass. The experiment was thereafter successfully commissioned in 2007. Data obtained during this commissioning phase from 2 detector modules are presented here. Combining the data collected with these two detector modules with data from one single module obtained during the CRESST-I phase, the experiment could already place a limit of ~6 × 10-7 pb for the spin independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section at a WIMP mass of ~60 GeV/c2.
Characterization of the CRESST detectors by neutron induced nuclear recoils
- E. Pécontal, T. Buchert, Ph. Di Stefano, Y. Copin, C. Coppi, C. Ciemniak, F. von Feilitzsch, A. Gütlein, H. Hagn, C. Isaila, J. Jochum, M. Kimmerle, J.-C. Lanfranchi, S. Pfister, W. Potzel, W. Rau, S. Roth, K. Rottler, C. Sailer, S. Scholl, I. Usherov, W. Westphal
-
- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 36 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 May 2009, pp. 315-317
- Print publication:
- 2009
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CRESST is an experiment for the direct detection of dark matter particles via nuclear recoils. The CRESST detectors, based on CaWO4 scintillating crystals, are able to discriminate γ and β background by simultaneously measuring the light and phonon signals produced by particle interactions. The discrimination of the background is possible because of the different light output (Quenching Factor, QF) for nuclear and electron recoils. In this article a measurement is shown, aimed at the determination of the QFs of the different nuclei (O, Ca, W) of the detector crystal at 40–60 mK using an 11 MeV neutron beam produced at the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium in Garching (MLL).
Grade of adiposity affects the impact of fat mass on resting energy expenditure in women
- Anja Bosy-Westphal, Manfred J. Müller, Michael Boschmann, Susanne Klaus, Georg Kreymann, Petra M. Lührmann, Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold, Rudolf Noack, Karl M. Pirke, Petra Platte, Oliver Selberg, Jochen Steiniger
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 101 / Issue 4 / 28 February 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 August 2008, pp. 474-477
- Print publication:
- 28 February 2009
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Body fat mass (FM) adds to the variance in resting energy expenditure (REE). However, the nature and extent of this relationship remains unclear. Using a database of 1306 women and a linear regression model, we systematically analysed the contribution of FM to the total variance in REE at different grades of adiposity (ranges of body %FM). After adjusting for age, the relative contribution of FM on REE variance increased from low ( ≤ 10 %FM) to normal (>10– ≤ 30 %FM) and moderately elevated (>30– ≤ 40 %FM) grades of adiposity but decreased sharply at high (>40– ≤ 50 %FM) and very high (>50 %FM) grades of adiposity according to the ratio between regression coefficients. These data suggest that the specific metabolic rate of fat tissue is reduced at high adiposity. This should be considered when REE is normalized for FM in obesity.
Failed spinal anaesthesia after intrathecal chemotherapy
- M. Westphal, T. Götz, M. Booke
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- Journal:
- European Journal of Anaesthesiology / Volume 22 / Issue 3 / March 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2005, pp. 235-236
- Print publication:
- March 2005
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New approach to an ovine model of hypodynamic endotoxaemia
- M. Westphal, F. Daudel, H. G. Bone, H. Van Aken, J. Sander, H. Stubbe, M. Booke
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- Journal:
- European Journal of Anaesthesiology / Volume 21 / Issue 8 / August 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 December 2004, pp. 625-631
- Print publication:
- August 2004
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Summary
Background and objective: Since the moribund hypodynamic phase of septic shock has primarily been studied in small animal models, the objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of infusing Salmonella typhosa endotoxin at incrementing doses to establish an ovine model of hypodynamic endotoxaemia.
Methods: In a prospective laboratory experiment, eight adult ewes were instrumented for a chronic study. Following a baseline measurement in the healthy state, a continuous endotoxin infusion was started with 10 ng kg−1 min−1 and was doubled every hour seven times. Haemodynamics, key variables of oxygen transport, and arterial lactate concentrations were determined every hour.
Results: In a dose-dependent manner, endotoxin infusion caused pulmonary hypertension, decreased cardiac output and mean arterial pressure, increased heart rate, and to a certain extent, systemic vascular resistance index. Following 4 h of endotoxaemia, the maximum decrease in cardiac output occurred (4.8 ± 0.2 vs. 7.6 ± 0.3L min−1; P < 0.001). This was accompanied by tissue dysoxia, represented by decreases in oxygen delivery (797 ± 20 vs. 1041 ± 28 mL min−1), oxygen consumption (277 ± 14 vs. 396 ± 15 mL min−1) and oxygen extraction rate (0.35 ± 0.01 vs. 0.38 ± 0.01%; each P < 0.01), as well as an increase in arterial lactate concentration (1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 mmol L−1; P < 0.05).
Conclusions: This large animal model may be helpful to study the pathophysiology responsible for cardiovascular failure, and also new therapeutic approaches relevant to management of hypodynamic circulation in the common setting of progressed systemic inflammation.
10 - Transition and turbulence
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- By A. Prasad, C. H. K. Williamson, W. S. Saric, T. Peacock, T. Mullin, A. Drake, R. V. Westphal, R. A. Kennelly, JR., D. M. Driver, J. H. Duncan, V. Philomin, H. Qiao, J. Kimmel, M. A. Rutgers, X.-L. Wu, W. I. Goldburg, G. Zocchi, E. Moses, A. Libchaber, D. R. Sabatino, T. J. Praisner, S. Gogineni, R. Rivir, D. Pestian, L. Goss, Y.-B. Du, P. Tong
- M. Samimy, Ohio State University, K. S. Breuer, Brown University, Rhode Island, L. G. Leal, University of California, Santa Barbara, P. H. Steen, Cornell University, New York
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- A Gallery of Fluid Motion
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 January 2004, pp 97-107
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Summary
A new mechanism for oblique wave resonance
Despite the large body of research concerned with the near wake of a circular cylinder, the far wake, which extends beyond about 100 diameters downstream, is relatively unexplored, especially at low Reynolds numbers. We have recently shown that the structure of the far wake is exquisitely sensitive to free-stream noise, and is precisely dependent on the frequency and scale of the near wake; indeed it is shown that the presence of extremely low-amplitude peaks in the free-stream spectrum, over a remarkably wide range of frequencies, are sufficient to trigger an “oblique wave resonance” in the far wake.
We show, in the upper photograph of Fig. 1, a nonlinear interaction between oblique shedding waves generated from upstream (to the left) and 2–D waves amplified downstream from free-stream disturbances (in the central region). We use the “smoke-wire” technique (placed 50 diameters down-stream), and the wake is viewed in planview, with flow to the right. This two-wave interaction triggers a third wave, namely an “oblique resonance wave” at a large oblique angle, to grow through nonlinear effects (in the right half of the photograph), in preference to the original two waves. If smoke is introduced 100 diameters downstream, in the lower photograph (under slightly different conditions), then all that is seen is a set of such large-angle oblique resonance waves.
This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research.
Visualization of different transition mechanisms
The sequence of photos in Figs. 1(a)-1(d) illustrates the different types of boundary-layer transitions that occur as a function of Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) wave amplitude and fetch.
Adsorption of sufentanil to epidural filters and catheters
- M. Westphal, H. Hohage, H. Buerkle, H. Van Aken, T. Ermert, and G. Brodner
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- Journal:
- European Journal of Anaesthesiology / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / February 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2005, pp. 124-126
- Print publication:
- February 2003
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Summary
Background and objective: Stable drug concentrations must be administered to provide adequate patient-controlled epidural analgesia. This study investigated the stability of sufentanil after the epidural delivery system had been flushed with solutions containing the drug.
Methods: Sufentanil citrate, 5 μg mL−1 was injected through an epidural catheter system into a glass container. The concentrations of the drug leaving the system, in 1 mL aliquots (1–5 mL) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. In the same manner, sufentanil samples were analysed after flushing the filter, as well as after priming the filter and catheter.
Results: ANOVA for repeated measurements demonstrated that sufentanil concentrations remained constant as long as the catheter had been adequately flushed. However, the concentration of sufentanil in the solution exiting the filter was reduced significantly. Hardly any sufentanil could be detected (0.09 ± 0.01 μg mL−1, P < 0.001) in the first 1 mL aliquot (probe) leaving the filter. Altogether, 3 mL sufentanil solution was needed to pass through the filter before the baseline values were restored (P < 0.05). The greatest decrease occurred when the whole epidural delivery apparatus (catheter and filter) was primed; to regain baseline values, as much as 4 mL solution was needed to flush the system.
Conclusions: Sufentanil citrate is adsorbed by the materials used to manufacture systems (catheters, filters) used in epidural anaesthesia. Hence, the epidural catheter system should be primed with sufentanil before connecting it to the patient so as to deliver reliable concentrations.
Determinants of fat mass in prepubertal children
- M. J. Müller, A. Grund, H. Krause, M. Siewers, A. Bosy-Westphal, H. Rieckert
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 88 / Issue 5 / November 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2007, pp. 545-554
- Print publication:
- November 2002
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The aim of the present study was to compare variables of metabolism, physical activity and fitness to body composition in normal and overweight children in a cross-sectional study design. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis in forty-eight prepubertal children (age 5–11 years, thirteen normal-weight, thirty-five overweight). Total energy expenditure (EE) was measured by combination of indirect calorimetry (for measurement of resting EE) and individually calibrated 24 h heart-rate (HR) monitoring. Activity-related EE and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated. Time spent with min-by-min HR>FLEX HR was also used as a marker of moderate habitual and vigorous activities. Aerobic fitness (O2 pulse (O2 consumption:HR at submaximal steady-state heart rate), submaximal O2 consumption (VO2submaximal), RER at a HR of 170 beats per min) was determined by bicycle ergometry. Muscle strength of the legs (maximal isometric strength of musculus quadriceps and of musculus ischiocruralis (Fa max and Fb max respectively)) was measured by computer tensiometry. When compared with normal children, overweight children had higher skinfold thicknesses (sum of skinfold thicknesses at four sites +160%), fat mass (+142%), waist (+24%) and hip circumferences (+14%), resting EE (+13%) and RER (+5%). No significant group differences were found for fat-free mass, muscle mass, total EE, activity-related EE, PAL, HR>FLEX HR, VO2submaximal, O2 pulse, Fa max and Fb max as well as the fat-free mass- or muscle mass-adjusted values for resting EE, aerobic fitness and muscle strength. When compared with normal children, overweight children had a lower measured v. estimated resting EE (Δ resting EE) and spent more time watching television. There were positive relationships between fat-free mass(x) and resting EE(x), total EE(y), aerobic fitness(y) and muscle strength(y), but only Δ resting EE(x) and HR>FLEX HR(x) correlated with fat mass(y). In a stepwise multivariate regression analysis resting EE adjusted for fat-free mass and Δ resting EE were significant determinants of % fat mass and explained 29·7% of its variance. Thus, in the present cross-sectional study, resting EE was the most important determinant of fat mass.
Stability of a sufentanil–ropivacaine mixture in a glass and a PVC reservoir
- G. Brodner, T. Ermert, H. Van Aken, M. Westphal, M. A. E. Marcus, W. Gogarten, C. Goeters, H. Bürkle
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- Journal:
- European Journal of Anaesthesiology / Volume 19 / Issue 4 / April 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 August 2006, pp. 295-297
- Print publication:
- April 2002
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Background and objective: Drug mixtures containing sufentanil may be unstable owing to absorption into the drug reservoirs of patient-controlled epidural analgesia systems that contain polyvinylchloride. The stability of sufentanil in a mixture of ropivacaine 0.2% in a 750 mL reservoir was therefore investigated.
Methods: During simulated epidural infusions of 5 mL h−1 at 25°C, sufentanil concentrations were measured for 96 h. Samples were taken from the reservoir and from the end of the epidural catheter under the following conditions: into glass or polyvinylchloride reservoirs containing ropivacaine 0.2% with sufentanil 1, 0.75 or 0.5 μg mL−1; and into polyvinylchloride reservoirs with ropivacaine 0.2% and sufentanil 1 μg mL−1 which were stored for 4 weeks at 8°C.
Results: The different solutions remained stable over the observation period of 96h. Using the same solutions, independent samples’ ANOVA showed no difference in the sufentanil concentrations between the glass and polyvinylchloride reservoirs, or between the polyvinylchloride reservoirs when stored for 4 weeks. Correlations between the concentrations at the different measurement times were extremely high for the reservoir (rmin = 0.98, rmax = 1.00) and the catheter end (rmin = 0.86, rmax = 1.00).
Conclusions: Sufentanil citrate at 0.5–1.0 μg mL−1 in an admixture of ropivacaine 0.2% for 5 days, which is the usual period for postoperative epidural analgesia, remains stable in a polyvinylchloride reservoir. There is no change in the drug concentration even if the reservoir is stored for 4 weeks at 8°C.