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Choline status and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study
- J. J. Strain, Emeir M. McSorley, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Roni W. Kobrosly, Maxine P. Bonham, Maria S. Mulhern, Alison J. McAfee, Philip W. Davidson, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Juliette Henderson, Gene E. Watson, Sally W. Thurston, Julie M. W. Wallace, Per M. Ueland, Gary J. Myers
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 2 / 28 July 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2013, pp. 330-336
- Print publication:
- 28 July 2013
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Choline is an essential nutrient that is found in many food sources and plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system. Animal studies have shown that choline status pre- and postnatally can have long-lasting effects on attention and memory; however, effects in human subjects have not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between plasma concentrations of free choline and its related metabolites in children and their neurodevelopment in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study, an ongoing longitudinal study assessing the development of children born to mothers with high fish consumption during pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), methionine and homocysteine and specific measures of neurodevelopment were measured in 210 children aged 5 years. The children's plasma free choline concentration (9·17 (sd 2·09) μmol/l) was moderately, but significantly, correlated with betaine (r 0·24; P= 0·0006), DMG (r 0·15; P= 0·03), methionine (r 0·24; P= 0·0005) and homocysteine (r 0·19; P= 0·006) concentrations. Adjusted multiple linear regression revealed that betaine concentrations were positively associated with Preschool Language Scale – total language scores (β = 0·066; P= 0·04), but no other associations were evident. We found no indication that free choline concentration or its metabolites, within the normal physiological range, are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children at 5 years of age. As there is considerable animal evidence suggesting that choline status during development is associated with cognitive outcome, the issue deserves further study in other cohorts.
LARVAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CERTAIN ELM BARK INFESTING COLEOPTERA
- Philip P. Wallace, Raimon L. Beard
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- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 74 / Issue 5 / May 1942
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 May 2012, pp. 86-87
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There commonly occur in the bark of decadent elms certain species of coleopterous larvae which are often difficult to distinguish unless they can be positively associated with their maternal egg gallery. In handling large numbers of these larvae for precise experimental purposes and in field work, satisfactory criteria for exact identification consisting of definite external morphological characters, capable of rapid use, are necessary.
Intakes and adequacy of potentially important nutrients for cognitive development among 5-year-old children in the Seychelles Child Development and Nutrition Study
- Alison J McAfee, Maria S Mulhern, Emeir M McSorley, Julie MW Wallace, Maxine P Bonham, Jude Faure, Sarah Romain, Christina Esther, Conrad F Shamlaye, Gene E Watson, Gary J Myers, Thomas W Clarkson, Philip W Davidson, JJ Strain
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 15 / Issue 9 / September 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2012, pp. 1670-1677
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Objective
To assess the nutritional adequacy of Seychellois children in relation to nutrients reported to be important for cognitive development.
DesignDietary intakes were assessed by 4 d weighed food diaries and analysed using dietary analysis software (WISP version 3·0; Tinuviel Software, UK). Individual nutrient intakes were adjusted to usual intakes and, in order to investigate adequacy, were compared with the UK Estimated Average Requirements for children aged 4–6 years.
SettingChildren 5 years old were followed up as part of the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study (SCDNS), located in the high-fish-consuming population of Mahé, Republic of Seychelles.
SubjectsAnalysis was carried out on a sample of 229 children (118 boys, 111 girls).
ResultsChildren consumed a diet of which fortified cereal and milk products contributed the most to nutrient intakes. The majority (≥80 %) of children met requirements for several nutrients important for child development including Fe, folate and Se. Adjusted dietary intakes of Cu, Zn, iodine, niacin and vitamin A were below the Estimated Average Requirement or Recommended Nutrient Intake. Mean adjusted energy intakes (boys 4769 kJ/d (1139·84 kcal/d), girls 4759 kJ/d (1137·43 kcal/d)) were lower than the estimated energy requirement (boys 5104 kJ/d (1220 kcal/d), girls 5042 kJ/d (1205 kcal/d)) for 88 % of boys and 86 % of girls.
ConclusionsNutrition was adequate for most children within the SCDNS cohort. Low intakes of some nutrients (including Zn, niacin and vitamin A) could reflect nutritional database inaccuracies, but may require further investigation. The study provides valuable information on the adequacy of intakes of nutrients which could affect the growth and development of Seychellois children.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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- By Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Ragnar Asplund, Michel Billiard, Theresa M. Buckley, Rohit Budhiraja, Robert N. Butler, Daniel J. Buysse, Scott S. Campbell, Daniel P. Cardinali, Julie Carrier, Cynthia L. Comella, Jana R. Cooke, Pietro Cortelli, Agnès Demazieres, Glenna A. Dowling, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Philip R. Gehrman, Nalaka Sudheera Gooneratne, David S. Hallegua, Patrick J. Hanly, David G. Harper, Orla P. Hornung, Magdolna Hornyak, Michal Karasek, Milton Kramer, Andrew D. Krystal, Malcolm H. Lader, Rachel Leproult, Kenneth L. Lichstein, Andrea H.S. Loewen, Rémy Luthringer, Laurin J. Mack, Evelyn Mai, Atul Malhotra, Jennifer L. Martin, Judy Mastick, Monique A.J. Mets, Andrew A. Monjan, Timothy H. Monk, Daniel Monti, Jaime M. Monti, Patricia J. Murphy, C. Ineke Neutel, Eric A. Nofzinger, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Scott B. Patton, Donald B. Penzien, Max H. Pittler, Giora Pillar, Marc J. Poulin, Louis J. Ptácek, Stuart F. Quan, Jeanetta C. Rains, Megan E. Ruiter, Bruce D. Rybarczyk, Colin M. Shapiro, Vijay Kumar Sharma, D. Warren Spence, Kai Spiegelhalder, Luc Staner, Stephanie A. Studenski, Nikola N. Trajanovic, Eve Van Cauter, Gregory S. Vander Wal, Joris C. Verster, Aleksandar Videnovic, Matthew P. Walker, Daniel J. Wallace, David K. Welsh, David P. White, Barbara Wider, Theresa B. Young, Stefano Zanigni
- Edited by S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Jaime M. Monti, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Andrew A. Monjan, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
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- Principles and Practice of Geriatric Sleep Medicine
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- 04 August 2010
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Contribution of fish to intakes of micronutrients important for fetal development: a dietary survey of pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles
- Maxine P Bonham, Emeir M Duffy, Paula J Robson, Julie M Wallace, Gary J Myers, Philip W Davidson, Tom W Clarkson, Conrad F Shamlaye, JJ Strain, M Barbara E Livingstone
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 12 / Issue 9 / September 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2009, pp. 1312-1320
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Objectives
To characterise the diets of pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles and to determine the contribution of fish to intakes of nutrients important for fetal and neonatal development.
DesignObservational, prospective study.
SettingSeychelles Child Development Centre, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles.
Subjects and methodsPregnant women (n 300) were recruited at their first visit to an antenatal clinic. At 28 weeks’ gestation subjects completed a 4 d diet diary (n 273) and intakes were analysed using dietary analysis software.
ResultsMean (sd) energy intake was 9·0 (2·5) MJ/d and fat intakes were higher than UK recommendations for almost two-thirds of the cohort. Fish consumption was lower than in previous surveys, suggesting a move towards a more Westernised diet. Low intakes of a number of nutrients important during pregnancy for fetal development (Fe, Zn, Se and iodine) were observed. However, women who met the current recommendations for these nutrients consumed significantly more fish than those who did not (97 v. 73 g/d).
ConclusionsThe present study highlights the importance of fish in the diet of pregnant Seychellois women for ensuring adequate intakes of micronutrients important in fetal development. Dietary patterns in Seychelles, however, are in a state of transition, with a move towards a Western-style diet as evidenced by higher fat and lower fish intakes. If these dietary trends continue and fish consumption declines further, micronutrient status may be compromised. These findings suggest caution in establishing public health policies that promote limitation of fish intake during pregnancy.
Iron status in pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles
- Emeir M Duffy, Maxine P Bonham, Julie MW Wallace, Chin-Kuo Chang, Paula J Robson, Gary J Myers, Philip W Davidson, Thomas W Clarkson, Conrad F Shamlaye, JJ Strain
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / March 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 August 2009, pp. 331-337
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Objective
To establish the Fe status of pregnant women and their neonates in the Republic of Seychelles.
DesignA prospective study.
SettingRepublic of Seychelles.
SubjectsPregnant women were recruited and blood samples taken at enrolment and post-delivery along with cord blood samples. Ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in maternal (n 220) and cord blood (n 123) samples.
ResultsMaternal Fe deficiency (ferritin < 15 ng/ml, sTfR > 28 nmol/l) was present in 6 % of subjects at enrolment and in 20 % at delivery. There was no significant decrease in maternal ferritin. A significant increase in sTfR was observed between enrolment and delivery (P < 0·001). Maternal BMI and use of Fe supplements at 28 weeks’ gestation were associated with improved maternal Fe status at delivery, whereas parity had a negative effect on sTfR and ferritin at delivery.
ConclusionsFe status of pregnant Seychellois women was, on average, within normal ranges. The incidence of Fe deficiency throughout pregnancy in this population was similar to that in a Westernised population. Increased awareness of the importance of adequate Fe intake during pregnancy, particularly in multiparous women, is warranted.
Prolonged deep dives by the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea: pushing their aerobic dive limits
- Milagros López-Mendilaharsu, Carlos F.D. Rocha, Andrés Domingo, Bryan P. Wallace, Philip Miller
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- Journal:
- Marine Biodiversity Records / Volume 2 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 March 2009, e35
- Print publication:
- January 2009
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Air-breathing diving animals are capable of maintaining activity during prolonged dives fuelled by on-board oxygen stores. Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) perform the deepest and longest dives among sea turtles, and are among the most prolific air-breathing divers. Here we report the longest dive duration for D. coriacea during an extremely deep dive (1186 m) that lasted 86.5 minutes. This dive duration exceeded previously published calculated aerobic dive limits by almost two-fold and extends our knowledge of the diving capacity of this species.
Index
- Edited by Simon P. Frostick, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, Philip J. Radford, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, W. Angus Wallace, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- Foreword by Kenneth Calman, Terence English
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- Medical Audit
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- 30 September 2009
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- 19 August 1993, pp 434-441
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List of contributors
- Edited by Simon P. Frostick, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, Philip J. Radford, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, W. Angus Wallace, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- Foreword by Kenneth Calman, Terence English
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- Medical Audit
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Contents
- Edited by Simon P. Frostick, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, Philip J. Radford, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, W. Angus Wallace, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- Foreword by Kenneth Calman, Terence English
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- 30 September 2009
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1 - Introduction
- Edited by Simon P. Frostick, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, Philip J. Radford, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, W. Angus Wallace, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- Foreword by Kenneth Calman, Terence English
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- Medical Audit
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Summary
The audit of medical practice is neither a new concept nor a new activity. All medical practitioners have examined the effects of their treatment and have assessed outcome for centuries. The major advances in medical practice, particularly during the twentieth century, would not have occurred without observing and assessing the effects of treatment regimes. The main effect of the changes indicated in the HM Government White Paper ‘Working for Patients’ and subsequently the National Health Service and Community Care Act (1990) and the directives from the various Royal Colleges has been to emphasise the need for audit activity and to introduce a more formal basis to audit. Audit has also been linked to the need for the cost-effective use of resources.
The purposes of this book are firstly to describe the philosophy of audit in medical practice; secondly to establish the types of information required by the different groups interested in audit; thirdly to outline the ways in which audit activity is being undertaken in various specialties; and fourthly to suggest a coherent pattern for audit and make recommendations for the acquisition and storage of large volumes of information.
Definitions
The general public concept of audit is the annual review of the ‘books’ of a business.
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Medical Audit
- Edited by Simon P. Frostick, Philip J. Radford, W. Angus Wallace
- Foreword by Kenneth Calman, Terence English
-
- Published online:
- 30 September 2009
- Print publication:
- 19 August 1993
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The application of audit to resource allocation and clinical practice has emerged as a fundamental principle in Western medical systems over recent years. Used effectively, audit can have wide-ranging benefits for both the patient and the practitioner, in terms of resource management and quality of care. To set up an efficient and productive audit facility requires careful planning and may encounter resistance. This book provides a detailed account of audit processes and discusses the application of audit in a variety of medical settings. It is both a thoughtful review and a practical guide to successful medical audit, the collection and utilization of information for effective resource management and improved patient care, in the hospital and in the community.
Frontmatter
- Edited by Simon P. Frostick, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, Philip J. Radford, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, W. Angus Wallace, Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- Foreword by Kenneth Calman, Terence English
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- Medical Audit
- Published online:
- 30 September 2009
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- 19 August 1993, pp i-vi
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Briefer Notices
- Graham Stuart, L. H. Woolsey, Philip Marshall Brown, E. T. Parks, Jackson H. Ralston, Leland M. Goodrich, Charles E. Hill, Arthur Deerin Call, James P. Baxter, 3rd, G. G. W., Samuel Flagg Bemis, James Barclay, Boyd Carpenter, Wallace McClure, Francis Deák, Ernest G. Lorenzen, Clyde Eagleton, Lora L. Deere, Joseph S. Roucek, Ellery C. Stowell
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- American Journal of International Law / Volume 28 / Issue 3 / July 1934
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2017, pp. 633-645
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- July 1934
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