11 results
Proxy failure and poor measurement practices in psychological science
- Wendy C. Higgins, Alexander J. Gillett, David M. Kaplan, Robert M. Ross
-
- Journal:
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 47 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 May 2024, e75
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
We argue that proxy failure contributes to poor measurement practices in psychological science and that a tradeoff exists between the legibility and fidelity of proxies whereby increasing legibility can result in decreased fidelity.
Measurement validity and the integrative approach
- Wendy C. Higgins, Alexander J. Gillett, Eliane Deschrijver, Robert M. Ross
-
- Journal:
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 47 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 February 2024, e46
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Almaatouq et al. propose a novel integrative approach to experiments. We provide three examples of how unaddressed measurement issues threaten the feasibility of the approach and its promise of promoting commensurability and knowledge integration.
Chapter 24 - Critical English Curriculum Enactment: A Policy Planning Perspective
- Edited by Paul Snowden
-
- Book:
- Handbook of Higher Education in Japan
- Published by:
- Amsterdam University Press
- Published online:
- 31 May 2023
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2021, pp 350-361
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
In Japanese higher education internationalization policy has oriented towards cultural hegemonicoriented neoliberal approaches delivered through the medium of English language education. A contemporary period of internationalization policy planning in Japanese higher education was investigated to understand the sociohistorical and sociocultural relationships between these policy planning approaches and English education. Critical English language education approaches to support the enactment of internationalization policy planning initiatives were investigated to understand how students challenge these structures. This chapter will underline the importance of critical approaches to English liberal language education that contribute to progressive and socially just enactment of internationalization for Japanese higher education.
Introduction
In evaluating the opportunities for a particular educational system to internationalize, it is important to understand how both national and international factors influence policymaking for creation, implementation, and enactment. In this dual context, neoliberalist and internationalist paradigms have been the primary drivers in the spread of globalization through education. To be sure, complex neoliberal policy orientations of global education are entangled with the more cosmopolitan aspirational tenets of the internationalization of higher education. Both real (material) and imagined (discursive) global perspectives are rationalized in higher educational institutions to justify different conceptional perspectives on internationalization. Japanese higher education is no different in this multivocality approach to the spread of international education ideas and ideals. Taylor discusses these imagined perspectives as part of a wider reflection of the images, myths, parables, stories, legends, and other narratives that are part of a “social imaginary.” I would like to develop these social imaginary perspectives in the form of what could be termed a critical posture (healthy scepticism) to what seem on the surface to be common-sense responses to educational problems. One such example is the Japanese government’s contention that the reason Japanese students do not want to go overseas to study is because of their lack of an outward posture to the world.
In this chapter, I will expand upon these challenges and opportunities to discuss the matter that, while Japan has struggled to offer any meaningful insights into where internationalization as a response to globalization fits within higher education in Japan, Japan does have some of the educational resources and architecture that are required in order to chart a different direction.
Failure to Communicate: Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant blaOXA-237-Containing Acinetobacter baumannii—Multiple Facilities in Oregon, 2012–2014
- Genevieve L. Buser, P. Maureen Cassidy, Margaret C. Cunningham, Susan Rudin, Andrea M. Hujer, Robert Vega, Jon P. Furuno, Steven H. Marshall, Paul G. Higgins, Michael R. Jacobs, Meredith S. Wright, Mark D. Adams, Robert A. Bonomo, Christopher D. Pfeiffer, Zintars G. Beldavs
-
- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 11 / November 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2017, pp. 1335-1341
- Print publication:
- November 2017
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
OBJECTIVE
To determine the scope, source, and mode of transmission of a multifacility outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii.
DESIGNOutbreak investigation.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSResidents and patients in skilled nursing facilities, long-term acute-care hospital, and acute-care hospitals.
METHODSA case was defined as the incident isolate from clinical or surveillance cultures of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to imipenem or meropenem and nonsusceptible to all but 1 or 2 antibiotic classes in a patient in an Oregon healthcare facility during January 2012–December 2014. We queried clinical laboratories, reviewed medical records, oversaw patient and environmental surveillance surveys at 2 facilities, and recommended interventions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and molecular analysis were performed.
RESULTSWe identified 21 cases, highly related by PFGE or healthcare facility exposure. Overall, 17 patients (81%) were admitted to either long-term acute-care hospital A (n=8), or skilled nursing facility A (n=8), or both (n=1) prior to XDR A. baumannii isolation. Interfacility communication of patient or resident XDR status was not performed during transfer between facilities. The rare plasmid-encoded carbapenemase gene blaOXA-237 was present in 16 outbreak isolates. Contact precautions, chlorhexidine baths, enhanced environmental cleaning, and interfacility communication were implemented for cases to halt transmission.
CONCLUSIONSInterfacility transmission of XDR A. baumannii carrying the rare blaOXA-237 was facilitated by transfer of affected patients without communication to receiving facilities.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1335–1341
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Seedhead Suppression Following Consecutive Yearly Applications of Plant Growth Retardants
- Robert D. Baker, Lambert B. McCarty, Daniel L. Colvin, Jeffery M. Higgins, Jan S. Weinbrecht, Jorge E. Moreno
-
- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / June 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 378-384
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Field trials evaluated sequential applications of plant growth retardants (PGRs) to bahiagrass for a 3-yr period at two Florida locations: Newberry (north Florida) and Okeechobee (south Florida). Seven PGRs from various chemical families were used: glyphosate, fluazifop, sethoxydim, maleic hydrazide, trinexapac-ethyl, imazapic, and imazaquin. In 1991 and 1992, PGRs reduced turf color for 2 to 4 wk after treatment (WAT) at the Newberry location but remained above acceptable levels (> 5.0) and recovered by 6 WAT. In 1993, glyphosate, fluazifop, and maleic hydrazide reduced turf color below acceptable levels (< 5.0) 4 WAT, but turf color was acceptable by 6 WAT. Turf color was slightly reduced following single and sequential imazapic applications in Okeechobee; however, turf recovered by 8 WAT. Cumulative seedhead suppression at both locations increased during the 3 yr resulting in at least a 60% reduction in seedhead numbers. Seedhead production each year was 10 to 50% less at 12 WAT in treated plots than in the previous year. Single applications of imazapic and imazapic + imazaquin provided 85 to 100% seedhead suppression for 12 WAT and 100% suppression for up to 16 wk following sequential applications made 8 wk after the initial application (WAI). Single applications of glyphosate, fluazifop, and maleic hydrazide provided ≥ 70% seedhead suppression for 4 to 8 WAT. Sequential applications of fluazifop made 8 WAI provided > 70% control of seedheads through 8 to 16 WAI for 3 yr.
Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis) Competition with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
- Jeffery M. Higgins, Robert H. Walker, Ted Whitwell
-
- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 34 / Issue 1 / January 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 52-56
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Field research was conducted at two locations in 1982 and 1983 to evaluate the competitiveness of coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L. # CASOC) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). With season-long competition, each increase of 1 coffee senna plant/7.5 m of row reduced seed cotton by 9 to 117 kg/ha. Each additional week of competition from a dense stand (40 plants/m of row) of coffee senna reduced seed cotton yield by 118 kg/ha and cotton main stem height by 1.25 cm. Neither cotton stand density nor fiber properties were affected by coffee senna density or duration of competition. Seed cotton yields and main stem heights obtained when cotton was kept weed free for 6 weeks after cotton emergence were not significantly different from those kept weed free for 8, 10, or 14 weeks. Coffee senna dry-matter production was essentially zero when cotton was maintained weed free for 8 or more weeks.
Alfentanil Mediated Activation of Epileptiform Activity in the Electrocorticogram During Resection of Epileptogenic Foci
- Keene Daniel L., David Roberts, Splinter William M., Michael Higgin, Enrique Ventureyra
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / February 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 29-36
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Purpose:
Alfentanil is a potent, short-acting opioid agent which has been used during balanced anaesthesia in children undergoing the surgical excision of epileptic foci. After the observation that this agent had the potential to induce epileptic seizures, we questioned the frequency of this occurrence in this group of patients.
Method:Twelve patients (6 males, 6 females) undergoing surgical excision of an epileptic foci were prospectively followed. For each patient an electrocorticogram was recorded for 30 minutes before and after receiving alfentanil 20 pg/kg intravenously. The frequency of epileptiform abnormalities before and after drug administration was evaluated. When the electrocorticogram no longer showed the effects of alfentanil administration, methohexital 0.5 ug/kg was given intravenously.
Results:Alfentanil induced significant activation of epileptiform discharges among 83% of these patients. Twenty-five per cent had an electrographic seizure. In comparison, methohexital induced significant activation of epileptiform discharges in 50% of these patients. None experienced electrographic seizures.
Conclusions:As alfentanil can induce electrographic seizures in patients known to have epilepsy, caution is advised in its use in this group of patients.
Contributors
-
- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Notes on contributors
-
- By Stuart Allen, Simon Bainbridge, Andrew Bennett, Toby R. Benis, John Bugg, Sally Bushell, James Chandler, Daniel Cook, Richard Cronin, David Fairer, Michael Ferber, Frances Ferguson, Kurt Fosso, Paul H. Fry, Stephen Gill, Kevis Goodman, Scott Hess, David Higgins, Noel Jackson, Robin Jarvis, Susan M. Levin, Maureen N. Mclane, Samantha Matthews, Tim Milnes, Michael O’Neill, Judith W. Page, Alexander Regier, Jonathan Roberts, Daniel Robinson, Ann Wierda Rowland, Philip Shaw, Peter Simonsen, Christopher Stokes, Sophie Thomas, Anne D. Wallace, Joshua Wilner
- Edited by Andrew Bennett, University of Bristol
-
- Book:
- William Wordsworth in Context
- Published online:
- 05 February 2015
- Print publication:
- 12 February 2015, pp ix-xvi
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
26 - Societal choice and communicating the European nitrogen challenge
- from Part V - European nitrogen policies and future challenges
-
- By Dave S. Reay, University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences, Clare M. Howard, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Albert Bleeker, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Pete Higgins, University of Edinburgh, Keith Smith, University of Edinburgh, Henk Westhoek, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Trudy Rood, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Mark R. Theobald, Technical University of Madrid/Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Alberto Sanz Cobeña, Technical University of Madrid, Robert M. Rees, Scottish Agricultural College, Dominic Moran, Scottish Agricultural College, Stefan Reis, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
- Edited by Mark A. Sutton, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK, Clare M. Howard, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans van Grinsven, Bruna Grizzetti
-
- Book:
- The European Nitrogen Assessment
- Published online:
- 16 May 2011
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp 585-601
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Executive summary
Nature of the problem
Increased public and institutional awareness of both the benefits and threats of nitrogen has the potential to greatly increase the efficacy of nitrogen policy.
Insufficient recognition of the financial, behavioural and cultural barriers to achieving an optimal nitrogen future risks policy antagonisms and failure.
Here we examine some of the key societal levers for and barriers to achieving an optimal nitrogen future in Europe, drawing lessons from the more-developed societal and policy challenge of climate change mitigation.
Key findings/state of knowledge
There is currently a very low level of public and media awareness of nitrogen impacts and policies. However, awareness is high regarding the threats and benefits of ‘carbon’ to society (e.g. energy use and enhanced climate change).
Many national climate change mitigation policies now overtly recognize the importance of societal choice, and are increasingly utilizing behavioural change strategies to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.
In achieving an optimal nitrogen future, lessons can and should be learned from existing climate change-focused communication and behavioural science (e.g. use of a ‘segmented strategy’ to reach disparate groups of stakeholders).
Key sectors where societal choice has the potential to greatly influence nitrogen use efficiency include food production, consumption and waste.
Editor's Column: The Library Walk
- Patricia Yaeger, Richard Jean So, Denise Albanese, Lynn Higgins, Elaine Freedgood, Thadious M. Davis, Daniel Tiffany, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Thomas Trezise, Valerie Smith, Robert Reid-Pharr, Ann R. Jones, Michael Warner, Saúl Sosnowski, Katarzyna Jerzak, Agnes Lugo-Ortiz, Rosalind Morris
-
- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 126 / Issue 1 / January 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 9-37
- Print publication:
- January 2011
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation