259 results
Population decline of the Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis in continental Spain, a main western Palearctic stronghold
- François Mougeot, Mario Fernández-Tizón, Rocío Tarjuelo, Ana Benítez-López, José Jiménez
-
- Journal:
- Bird Conservation International / Volume 34 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2024, e11
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Many European farmland bird populations are rapidly declining because of agricultural intensification and land-use changes. Robust estimates of population sizes and trends, habitat use, and protected area coverage within the distribution range are crucial to inform the conservation and management of threatened species. Here we report on the results of the 2019 Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis (BBS) survey promoted and coordinated by SEO/BirdLife to update its breeding distribution, population size, and trends in continental Spain. A total of 660 grid cells, 10 × 10 km, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), were surveyed (81% of the distribution area), with 2,257 visits to 1,750 walked transects (7,001 km in total; 10.6 km per UTM). BBS was detected in 43% of sampled UTMs. At transect level, occupancy was 11% higher inside protected areas. At UTM level, occupancy was estimated at 0.58 (Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 95%: 0.55–0.61), revealing that BBS occupied about half of its previous breeding range (2003–2005). Using hierarchical distance sampling modelling, we estimated an average density of 1.33 individuals/km2 in occupied areas, and a population of 4,025 individuals (confidence interval: 1,840–7,609) within sampled areas, with an additional 697 individuals (confidence interval 461–1,075) in areas that were not surveyed. Further, the relative abundance of BBS (Kilometric Abundance Index) declined by 63% between 2005 and 2019 (annual decline rate of 4.5%). BBS used agricultural habitats (73%) and unprotected areas (54%) despite a higher occupancy within protected areas. Given the recent decline rate and persistent threats, the BBS conservation status should be upgraded to “Endangered” in peninsular Spain. Its future depends on land-use changes and agricultural practices, in particular the maintenance of fallows, semi-natural habitats, and pastures for extensive grazing. Better protection of important areas and targeted conservation initiatives should be promoted to halt and reverse the population decline in this key western Palearctic stronghold.
Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Spanish Adolescents
- Francisco Javier López-Fernández, Paula Morales-Hidalgo, Josefa Canals, Juan Carlos Marzo, Luis Joaquín García-López, José Antonio Piqueras
-
- Journal:
- The Spanish Journal of Psychology / Volume 27 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 February 2024, e3
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large adolescent community sample, finding a significant disparity. This study explores the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC among Spanish adolescents by means of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Rasch analysis, and measurement invariance (MI) across sex, as well as internal consistency and criterion validity. The sample was comprised of 463 adolescents (231 girls), aged 12 to 18 years, who completed the CD-RISC and other measures on emotional status and quality of life. The EFA suggested that the CD-RISC structure presented a unidimensional model. Consequently, shorter unidimensional CD-RISC models observed in the literature were explored. Thus, the Campbell-Sills and Stein CD–RISC–10 showed the soundest psychometric properties, providing an adequate item fit and supporting MI and non-differential item functioning across sex. Item difficulty levels were biased toward low levels of resilience. Some items showed malfunctioning in lower response categories. With regard to reliability, categorical omega was. 82. Strong associations with health-related quality of life, major depressive disorder symptoms, and emotional symptoms were observed. A weak association was found between resilience and the male sex. Campbell-Sills and Stein’s CD–RISC–10 model emerges as the best to assess resilience among Spanish adolescents, as already reported in adults. Thus, independently of the developmental stage, the core of resilience may reside in the aspects of hardiness and persistence.
SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS ON THE APPEARANCE OF THE FIRST TRAPEZE INDUSTRIES IN THE LATE MESOLITHIC OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
- Magdalena Gómez-Puche, Javier Fernández-López de Pablo
-
- Journal:
- Radiocarbon / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / February 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 February 2024, pp. 59-100
- Print publication:
- February 2024
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The spread of trapeze industries (the creation of trapeze-shaped flint tips) during Late Mesolithic is one of the most disruptive phenomena of technological change documented in the European Prehistory. Understanding the chronological patterns of this process requires (i) a critical evaluation of stratigraphic relationship between trapeze assemblages and radiocarbon samples, and (ii) considering different levels of chronological uncertainty according to the inbuilt age of the samples and the calibration process. In this paper, we critically evaluate and analyze the radiocarbon record of the first trapeze industries in the Iberian Peninsula. A dataset of 181 radiocarbon dates from 67 sites dated to 8800–8200 cal BP was collected and evaluated following a strict data quality control protocol, from which 135 dates of 53 sites were retained and classified according to a reliability index. Then, three different phase Bayesian chronological models were created to estimate the duration of the first spread of trapezes across Iberia, considering different levels of chrono-stratigraphic resolution. We find that trapeze industries appeared in the eastern half of Iberia, over an area of 330,000 km2 between 8505–8390 and 8425–8338 cal BP, spanning 0–85 yr (95.4% CI). When the oldest evidence of trapezes from Portugal are considered, the probability distribution expands (8943–8457 and 8686–7688 cal BP), due to the chronological uncertainty of human samples with marine diet and regional ΔR values applied. For the eastern half of Iberia, the current evidence indicates a very rapid spread of trapeze industries initiated in the Central-Western Pyrenees, suggesting cultural diffusion within Mesolithic social networks as the main driving mechanism.
Breast-feeding as protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
- Jose Uberos, Isabel Sanchez-Ruiz, Elizabeth Fernández-Marin, Aida Ruiz-López, Isabel Cubero-Millan, Ana Campos-Martínez
-
- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 131 / Issue 8 / 28 April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2024, pp. 1405-1412
- Print publication:
- 28 April 2024
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Breast-feeding is associated with fewer comorbidities in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of VLBW infants is a multifactorial pathology in which nutritional aspects may be of special importance. The aim of this study is to determine, in a cohort of VLBW infants, whether breast milk nutrition is associated with a reduced prevalence and severity of BPD. A retrospective study was conducted to record the intake of mother’s own milk (MOM), pasteurised donor human milk or preterm formula milk in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life of 566 VLBW newborns at our hospital during the period January 2008–December 2021. After applying the relevant exclusion criteria, data for 489 VLBW infants were analysed; 195 developed some degree of BPD. Moderate or severe BPD is associated with less weight gain. Moreover, the preferential ingestion of breast milk in the first and second postnatal weeks had effects associated with lower OR for BPD, which were statistically demonstrable for mild (OR 0·16; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·71) and severe (OR 0·08; 95 % CI 0·009, 0·91) BPD. Breast-feeding during the first weeks of postnatal life is associated with a reduced prevalence of BPD, which is frequently associated with less weight gain as a result of greater respiratory effort with greater energy expenditure.
Analysis of the APOB Gene and Apolipoprotein B Serum Levels in a Mexican Population with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Association with the Single Nucleotide Variants rs1469513, rs673548, rs676210, and rs1042034
- Maricela Aceves-Ramírez, Yeminia Valle, Fidel Casillas-Muñoz, Diana Emilia Martínez-Fernández, Brenda Parra-Reyna, Víctor Arturo López-Moreno, Héctor Enrique Flores-Salinas, Emmanuel Valdés-Alvarado, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Texali García-Garduño, Jorge Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez, Nadeem Sheikh
-
- Journal:
- Genetics Research / Volume 2022 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, e66
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and consequently in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) physiopathology. Single number variants (SNVs) in apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) influence over the susceptibility for this syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the rs1469513, rs673548, rs676210, and rs1042034 SNVs and serum levels of APOB in the risk of ACS in a population from western Mexico. We included 300 patients in the group of cases (ACSG) and 300 individuals in the control group (CG). APOB levels were evaluated by immunonephelometry, and SNVs were genotyped with TaqMan probes. We found significant allelic and genotypic differences between groups for rs673548 and rs676210 (OR = 1.33, p=0.030, OR = 2.69, p < 0.001) and rs1042034 (OR = 0.50, p=0.037) SNVs. We found a risk haplotype TAGT (OR: 2.14, IC 1.50–3.04, p < 0.001). Our findings support a significant risk association between rs673548 and rs676210 variants for ACS; meanwhile, rs1042034 could be considered protective factor in a western Mexican population. Also, in this population, haplotype TAGT may confer 2.14 times a higher risk. APOB serum levels were compared by genotype variants in both groups without any significant statistical difference.
56 Dunning-Kruger Effect and Anxiety in a Mexican population
- Natalia L. Acosta, Krissy E. Smith, Tara L. Victor, David H. Hardy, Alberto L. Fernandez, Raymundo Cervantes, Ana Paula P. Quiñones, Carolina G. Castañeda, Jill Razani, Isabel D.C. Muñoz, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 841-842
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
The Dunning-Krueger effect is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to overestimate their abilities in areas where they are less competent. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming task. Hardy and Wright (2018) conditionally validated a measure of perceived mental workload called the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Researchers reported that workload ratings on the NASA-TLX increased with increased task demands on a cognitive task. Anxiety is known as an emotion that can make an individual more susceptible to develop a mental health condition. We examine if the Dunning-Krueger effect occurs in a Mexican population with and without current symptoms of anxiety and possible factors driving individuals to overestimate their abilities on the CNT. We predicted the abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA) group would report better CNT performance, report higher perceived workloads on the CNT, and underperform on the CNT compared to the normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA) group. We also predicted the low-performance group would report better CNT performance, report higher perceived workloads on the CNT, and underperform on the CNT compared to the high-performance group.
Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 192 Mexican participants with NSA (79 low-performance & 113 high-performance) and 74 Mexican participants with ASA (44 low-performance & 30 high-performance). Participants completed the CNT, NASA-TLX, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Spanish. The NASA-TLX was used to evaluate perceived workloads after the completion of the CNT. Meanwhile, the HADS was used to create our anxiety groups. Finally, CNT raw scores were converted into T-scores, which then were averaged to create the following two groups: low-performance (CNT T-Score <50) and high-performance (CNT T-Score 50+). A series of 2x2 ANCOVAs, controlling for gender were used to evaluate CNT performance and perceived workloads.
Results:We found a significant interaction where the low-performance ASA and the high-performance NSA groups demonstrated better CNT performance and reported higher perceived workloads (i.e., performance, temporal demand) on the CNT compared to their respective counterparts (i.e., low-performance NSA & high-performance ASA groups), p's<.05, ηp's2=.02. We found a main effect where the high-performance group outperformed the low-performance group on the CNT and reported lower perceived workloads on the CNT, p's<.05, ηp's2 =.04-.46.
Conclusions:The Dunning-Krueger effect did not occur in our sample. Participants that demonstrated better CNT performance also reported higher perceived workloads regardless of their current symptoms of anxiety. A possible explanation can be our sample's cultural norms of what would be considered as abnormal symptoms of anxiety, is a normal part of life, decreasing the possibilities to experience self-efficacy distoritions. Future studies should investigate whether the Dunning-Kruger effect may be influencing other aspects of cognitive functioning subjectively in Mexicans residing in Mexico and the United States with and without current symptoms of anxiety.
27 Aging Affects Cordoba Naming Test Performance
- Jasman Sidhu, Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Raymundo Cervantes, Sarah Saravia, Luz Estrada, Dulce Garcia, Alexia Barrio, Isabel D. Munoz, Enrique Lopez, Tara L. Victor, Alberto L. Fernandez, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 339-340
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming test developed in Argentina. A common confrontation naming task used in the United States is the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Research shows that age affects BNT performance in the 60-item long form. In fact, studies show that scores on confrontation naming tasks increase in childhood and continue to improve until approximately 40 years of age. However, after this period, scores start to subsequently decline, and especially so after 70 years of age. On the other hand, some studies have reported that older adults maintain high BNT performance despite advancing age. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the aging effects of the CNT across various age groups. We expected CNT scores to increase significantly from young adulthood to mid-adulthood and then significantly decline with advancing age.
Participants and Methods:The present study sample consisted of 272 neurologically and psychologically healthy participants with a mean age of 27.06 (SD = 12.21) with 14.29 years of education completed (SD = 2.46). Participants were divided into six different age groups: 18-19-year-old group, 20-29-year-old group, 30-39-year-old group, 40-49-year-old group, 50-59-year-old group, and 60-69-year-old group. All participants consented to voluntary participation and completed the CNT and a comprehensive background questionnaire in English. The CNT consisted of 30 black and white line drawings, ranging from easy to hard difficulty. An ANCOVA, controlling for gender, was used to evaluate CNT performance between the six age groups. We used a threshold of p < .05 for statistical significance.
Results:Results revealed significant group differences between the six age groups on the CNT, p = .000, ηp2 = .14. A post-hoc test revealed that the 30-39-year-old group outperformed the 18-19-year-old, 20-29-yearold, and 60-69-year-old groups on the CNT. Finally, the 40-49-year-old group outperformed the 18-19-year-old and 60-69-year-old groups on the CNT.
Conclusions:As we predicted, participants demonstrated steady improvement in the CNT until the age of 40. However, we found that until the age of 60, CNT performance started to decline significantly. Our data suggests that CNT performance declines significantly at the age of 60 compared to previous research using the BNT. Research shows other demographic variables (e.g., gender, linguistic factors) influence BNT performance. Future investigations on the CNT using a healthy sample should use a multivariate statistical analysis method to help explain influencing factors across aging. This research can have the potential to improve public health to better support and understand individuals from diverse backgrounds.
8 The Dunning-Kruger Effect on a Latinx Population
- Carolina Garza Castaneda, Matthew J. Wright, Raymundo Cervantes, Tara L. Victor, Krissy E. Smith, Chelsea McElwee, Adriana Cuello, Alberto L. Fernandez, Isabel D. C. Munoz, David J. Hardy, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 423-424
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Individuals tend to overestimate their abilities in areas where they are less competent. This cognitive bias is known as the Dunning-Krueger effect. Research shows that Dunning-Krueger effect occurs in persons with traumatic brain injury and healthy comparison participants. It was suggested by Walker and colleagues (2017) that the deficits in cognitive awareness may be due to brain injury. Confrontational naming tasks (e.g., Boston Naming Test) are used to evaluate language abilities. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontational naming task developed to be administered in multiple languages. Hardy and Wright (2018) conditionally validated a measure of perceived mental workload called the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). They found that workload ratings on the NASA-TLX increased with increased task demands on a cognitive task. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the Dunning-Kruger effect occurs in a Latinx population and possible factors driving individuals to overestimate their abilities on the CNT. We predicted the low-performance group would report better CNT performance, but underperform on the CNT compared to the high-performance group.
Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 129 Latinx participants with a mean age of 21.07 (SD = 4.57). Participants were neurologically and psychologically healthy. Our sample was divided into two groups: the low-performance group and the high-performance group. Participants completed the CNT and the NASA-TLX in English. The NASA-TLX examines perceived workload (e.g., performance) and it was used in the present study to evaluate possible factors driving individuals to overestimate their abilities on the CNT. Participants completed the NASA-TLX after completing the CNT. Moreover, the CNT raw scores were averaged to create the following two groups: low-performance (CNT raw score <17) and high-performance (CNT raw score 18+). A series of ANCOVA's, controlling for gender and years of education completed were used to evaluate CNT performance and CNT perceived workloads.
Results:We found the low-performance group reported better performance on the CNT compared to the high-performance, p = .021, np2 = .04. However, the high-performance group outperformed the low-performance group on the CNT, p = .000, np2 = .53. Additionally, results revealed the low-performance group reported higher temporal demand and effort levels on the CNT compared to the high-performance group, p's < .05, nps2 = .05.
Conclusions:As we predicted, the low-performance group overestimated their CNT performance compared to the high-performance group. The current data suggest that the Dunning-Kruger effect occurs in healthy Latinx participants. We also found that temporal demand and effort may be influencing awareness in the low-performance group CNT performance compared to the high-performance group. The present study suggests subjective features on what may be influencing confrontational naming task performance in low-performance individuals more than highperformance individuals on the CNT. Current literature shows that bilingual speakers underperformed on confrontational naming tasks compared to monolingual speakers. Future studies should investigate if the Dunning-Kruger effects Latinx English monolingual speakers compared to Spanish-English bilingual speakers on the CNT.
42 Lexical Retrieval and Acculturation in Generation Z Mexicans
- Yvette D Jesus, Krissy E Smith, Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Reymundo Cervantes, Tara L Victor, Brittany Heuchert, Dorthy Schmidt, Diana Palacios, Chelsea McElwee, David J Hardy, Enrique Lopez, Alberto L Fernandez, Daniel W Lopez Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, p. 453
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item lexical retrieval task that was developed to be administered in multiple languages. Research shows that self-identifying Mexicans residing in Mexico outperform self-identifying Mexicans that reside in the United States on the CNT. Studies indicate that the process of acculturation can influence cognitive performance. Previous studies demonstrated that Generation Z individuals (i.e., people born between 1997 and 2012) have underperformed on the CNT compared to Generation Y individuals (i.e., people born between 1981 and 1996). To our knowledge, no study has examined the influence of acculturation on Generation Z Mexicans’ CNT performance. We expected Mexicans residing in Mexico (MRM) to outperform Mexicans residing in the United States on the CNT and to report higher acculturation traits. We also predicted that acculturation would correlate with CNT performance.
Participants and Methods:The present study sample consisted of 285 Generation Z psychologically and neurologically healthy Mexicans with a mean age of 20.32 (SD = 1.60). Participants were divided into three groups: MRM, Mexicans residing in the United States, and Mexican-Americans residing in the United States (MARUS). All participants completed the CNT and acculturation measure in Spanish. Acculturation traits were measured by the Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS). ANCOVAs were used to evaluate differences in the CNT and AMAS (i.e., Spanish language, Latino competency, Latino identity). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between acculturation on CNT performance.
Results:MRM outperformed the Mexicans residing in the United States and MARUS on the CNT, p = .000, np2 = .49. The MRM group reported better Spanish language abilities compared to Mexicans residing in the United States and the MARUS groups, p = .000, np2 = .10. Additionally, MRM reported better Latino competency than the MARUS group, p = .000, np2 = .08. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that the MARUS’s Spanish language abilities impacted CNT performance, p = .000, r = .48. In addition, we found that Latino competency correlated with CNT performance, p’s < .05, r’s = .20-.47, in both the MRM and Mexicans residing in the United States groups. Latino identity did not significantly correlate with CNT performance in any group.
Conclusions:Results confirmed that MRM individuals perform better on the CNT than Mexicans residing in the United States and MARUS. Additionally, we found that several acculturation traits correlated with Mexican groups’ CNT performance. Our research indicates that while all Generation Z individuals of Mexican heritage feel strongly connected to their Latino identity regardless of where they live, MARUS feel less competent in Spanish and Latinx culture than MRM and Mexicans residing in the United States. Future work should further explore these differences for better insight into how acculturative factors influence lexical retrieval performance. Future work with bigger sample sizes can additionally examine CNT performance and acculturation in Generation Z first-generation and non-first-generation Mexicans (e.g., second-generation, third-generation) residing in the United States.
22 Cordoba Naming Test Performance and Acculturation in a Geriatric Population
- Isabel C.D. Muñoz, Krissy E. Smith, Santiago I. Espinoza, Diana M. R. Maqueda, Adriana C. Cuello, Ana Paula Pena, Carolina Garza, Raymundo Cervantes, Jill Razani, Tara L. Victor, David J. Hardy, Alberto L. Fernandez, Natalia Lozano Acosta, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 335-336
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
A commonly used confrontation naming task used in the United States is The Boston Naming Test (BNT). Performance differences has been found in Caucasian and ethnic minorities on the BNT. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming task developed in Argentina. Past research has shown acculturation levels can influence cognitive performance. Furthermore, one study evaluated geriatric gender differences on CNT performance in Spanish. Researchers reported that older male participants outperformed female participants on the CNT. To our knowledge, researchers have not evaluated ethnic differences on the CNT using a geriatric sample. The purpose of the present study was to examined CNT performance and acculturation in a Latinx and Caucasian geriatric sample. It was predicted the Caucasian group would outperform the Latinx group on the CNT. Moreover, the Caucasian group would report higher acculturation levels on the Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS) compared to the Latinx group.
Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 9 Latinx and 11 Caucasian participants with a mean age of 66.80 (SD =6.10), with an average of 14.30 (SD = 2.00) years of education. All participants were neurologically and psychologically healthy and completed the CNT and the AMAS in English. Acculturation was measured via the AMAS English subscales (i.e., English Language, United States. Identity, United States, Competency). A series of ANCOVAs, controlling for years of education completed and gender, was used to evaluate CNT performance and acculturation.
Results:The ethnic groups were not well demographically matched (i.e., years of education and gender).We found that the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group on CNT performance p = .012, ηp 2 = .34. Furthermore, the Caucasian group reported higher acculturation levels (i.e., English Language, United States, Identity, United States, Competency) compared to the Latinx group p’s < .05, ηps2 = .42-.64.
Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate CNT performance between ethnic groups with a geriatric sample. As expected the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group on the CNT. Also, as expected the Caucasian group reported higher English acculturation levels compared to the Latinx group. Our findings are consistent with past studies showing ethnic differences on confrontational naming performance (i.e., The Boston Naming Test), favoring Caucasians. A possible explanation for group differences could have been linguistic factors (e.g., speaking multiple languages) in our Latinx group. Therefore, since our Latinx group reported lower levels of English Language, United States identity, and United States competency the Latinx group assimilation towards United States culture might of influence their CNT performance. Future studies with different ethnic groups (e.g., African-Americans) and a larger sample size should examine if ethnic differences continue to cross-validate in a geriatric sample.
30 Analyzing Spanish Speakers Cordoba Naming Test Performance
- Raymundo Cervantes, Isabel D.C. Munoz, Estefania J. Aguirre, Natalia Lozano Acosta, Mariam Gomez, Adriana C. Cuello, Krissy E. Smith, Diana I. Palacios Mata, Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Yvette De Jesus, Santiago I. Espinoza, Diana M. R. Maqueda, David J. Hardy, Tara L. Victor, Alberto L. Fernandez, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 443-444
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
A 30-item confrontation naming test was developed in Argentina for Spanish speakers, The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT). The Boston Naming Test is an established confrontation naming task in the United States. Researchers have used the Boston Naming Test to identify individuals with different clinical pathologies (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). The current literature on how Spanish speakers across various countries perform on confrontational naming tasks is limited. To our knowledge, one study investigated CNT performance across three Spanish-speaking countries (i.e., Argentina, Mexico, and Guatemala). Investigators found that the Guatemalan group underperformed on the CNT compared to the Argentine and Mexican groups. The purpose of this study was to extend the current literature and investigate CNT performance across five Spanish-speaking countries (i.e., Argentina, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, United States). We predicted that the Argentine group would outperform the other Spanish-speaking countries.
Participants and Methods:The present study sample consisted of 502 neurologically and psychologically healthy participants with a mean age of 29.06 (SD = 13.41) with 14.75 years of education completed (SD = 3.01). Participants were divided into five different groups based on their country of birth and current country residency (i.e., United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Argentina, & Colombia). All participants consented to voluntary participation and completed the CNT and a comprehensive background questionnaire in Spanish. The CNT consisted of 30 black and white line drawings, ranging from easy to hard in difficulty. An ANCOVA, controlling for gender, education, and age, was used to evaluate CNT performance between the five Spanish-speaking country groups. Meanwhile, a Bonferroni post-hoc test was utilized to evaluate the significant differences between Spanish-speaking groups. We used a threshold of p < .05 for statistical significance.
Results:Results revealed significant group differences between the five Spanish speaking groups on the CNT, p = .000, np2 = .48. Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed that the United States group significantly underperformed on the CNT compared to all the Spanish-speaking groups. Next, we found the Guatemalan group underperformed on the CNT compared to the Argentinian, Mexican, and Colombian groups. Additionally, we found the Argentinian group outperformed the Mexican, Guatemalan, and United States groups on the CNT. No significant differences were found between the Argentinian group and Colombian group or the Mexican group and Colombian group on the CNT.
Conclusions:As predicted, the Argentinian group outperformed all the Spanish-speaking groups on the CNT except the Colombian group. Additionally, we found that the United States group underperformed on the CNT compared to all the Spanish-speaking groups. A possible explanation is that Spanish is not the official language in the United States compared to the rest of the Spanish-speaking groups. Meanwhile, a possible reason why the Argentinian and Colombian groups demonstrated better CNT performances might have been that it was less culturally sensitive than the United States, Mexican, and Guatemalan groups. Further analysis is needed with bigger sample sizes across other Spanish-speaking countries (e.g., Costa Rica, Chile) to evaluate what variables, if any, are influencing CNT performance.
39 Perceived Workload and Language Order Effects on the Cordoba Naming Test in Spanish-English Bilinguals
- Krissy E. Smith, Isabel D. C. Munoz, Raymundo Cervantes, Andrea R. Preciado, Tara L. Victor, Natalia Garcia, Paula V. Bracho, Enrique Lopez, Alberto L. Fernandez, Yvette De Jesus, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 451-452
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming task. The administration of the CNT can be administered in multiple languages. Hardy and Wright (2018) conditionally validated a measure of perceived mental workload called the National Aeronautic Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). They found that workload ratings on the NASA-TLX increased with increased demands on a cognitive task. Researchers found interactions in a study examining language proficiency and language (i.e., in which the test was administered) on several tasks of the Golden Stroop Test. Their results revealed that unbalanced bilinguals’ best-spoken language showed significantly better results compared to balanced bilinguals’ where language use did not matter. To our knowledge, no study has examined the order effects of Spanish-English bilingual speakers’ CNT performance and perceived workloads when completed in Spanish first compared to English second and vice-versa. We predicted that persons that completed the CNT in English first would demonstrate better performances and report lower perceived workloads on the CNT compared to completing the CNT in Spanish second. In addition, we predicted that persons that completed the CNT in Spanish first would demonstrate worse performance and higher perceived workloads on the CNT compared to completing the CNT in English second.
Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 62 Spanish-English healthy and neurologically bilingual speakers with a mean age of 19.94 (SD= 3.36). Thirty-seven participants completed the CNT in English first and then in Spanish (English-to-Spanish) and 25 participants completed the CNT in Spanish first and then in English (Spanish-to-English). The NASA-TLX was used to evaluate CNT perceived workloads. All the participants completed the NASA-TLX in English and Spanish after completing the CNT in the language given, respectfully. A series of paired-samples T-Tests were completed to evaluate groups CNT performance and perceived workload.
Results:We found that the English-to-Spanish group performed better on the CNT in English first than completing it in Spanish second, p = .000. We also found that the English-to-Spanish group reported better performance and less mentally demanding on the CNT when it was completed in English first compared to completing it in Spanish second, p’s < .05. Regarding the Spanish-to-English group, we found participants performed worse when they completed the CNT in Spanish first compared to completing the CNT in English second, p = .000. Finally, the Spanish-to-English group reported worse performance completing the CNT in Spanish first, more temporal demanding, and more frustrating compared to completing the CNT in English second, p’s < .05.
Conclusions:As expected, when participants completed the CNT in English, regardless of the order, they performed better and reported lower perceived workloads compared to completing the CNT in Spanish. Our data suggests that language order effect influenced participants CNT performance possibly due to not knowing specific items in Spanish compared to in English. Future studies using larger sample sizes should evaluate language order effects on the CNT in Spanish-English balanced bilingual speakers compared to unbalanced bilingual speakers.
Mapping high-altitude peatlands to inform a landscape conservation strategy in the Andes of northern Peru
- Giulia F Curatola Fernández, Sandro Makowski Giannoni, Ellen Delgado Florián, Piero Rengifo, Jesús Rascón, Elder Chichipe Vela, Carolina Butrich, Rolando Salas López, Manuel Oliva-Cruz, Christel Scheske
-
- Journal:
- Environmental Conservation / Volume 50 / Issue 4 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 October 2023, pp. 212-219
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The wetlands of the jalca ecoregion in the Andes of northern Peru form peat and play a major role in the hydrological ecosystem services of the ecoregion. Although peat is globally valued for carbon sequestration and storage, peatlands have not yet been mapped in the jalca. In this region, the Gocta waterfall, one of the 20 highest waterfalls in the world, depends on the jalca’s wetlands ecosystem. The local population depends on tourism to the waterfall and is concerned about preserving its drainage area. To inform conservation planning, in this study we delimited the drainage area of the Gocta waterfall and identified land tenure by applying Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing and participatory mapping techniques. Then, by classifying optical, radar and digital elevation models data, we mapped peatland in the jalca of the Gocta drainage area with an overall accuracy of 97.1%. Our results will inform conservation strategy in this complex area of communal, private and informal land tenure systems. At a regional level, this appears to be the first attempt at mapping peatlands using remote sensing imagery in the jalca ecoregion, and it represents a milestone for future efforts to map and conserve peatlands in other tropical mountain areas of the world.
Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with long-term depressive symptoms in Spanish older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome
- Sangeetha Shyam, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Indira Paz-Graniel, José J. Gaforio, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, J. Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, J. Luís Serra-Majem, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A. Tur, Vicente Martín Sánchez, Xavier Pintó, María Ortiz Ramos, Josep Vidal, Maria Mar Alcarria, Lidia Daimiel, Emilio Ros, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Stephanie K. Nishi, Oscar García Regata, Estefania Toledo, Jose V. Sorli, Olga Castañer, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Rafael Valls-Enguix, Napoleon Perez-Farinos, M. Angeles Zulet, Elena Rayó-Gago, Rosa Casas, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Miguel Damas-Fuentes, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Rebeca Fernández-Carrion, Albert Goday, Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela, Laura Compañ-Gabucio, Javier Diez-Espino, Susanna Tello, Ana González-Pinto, Víctor de la O, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Nancy Babio, Jordi Salas-Salvadó
-
- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 3 / February 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2023, pp. 620-630
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has serious physiological and psychological consequences. The long-term (>12 weeks post-infection) impact of COVID-19 on mental health, specifically in older adults, is unclear. We longitudinally assessed the association of COVID-19 with depression symptomatology in community-dwelling older adults with metabolic syndrome within the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.
MethodsParticipants (n = 5486) aged 55–75 years were included in this longitudinal cohort. COVID-19 status (positive/negative) determined by tests (e.g. polymerase chain reaction severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG) was confirmed via event adjudication (410 cases). Pre- and post-COVID-19 depressive symptomatology was ascertained from annual assessments conducted using a validated 21-item Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the association between COVID-19 and depression symptomatology.
ResultsCOVID-19 in older adults was associated with higher post-COVID-19 BDI-II scores measured at a median (interquartile range) of 29 (15–40) weeks post-infection [fully adjusted β = 0.65 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–1.15; p = 0.011]. This association was particularly prominent in women (β = 1.38 points, 95% CI 0.44–2.33, p = 0.004). COVID-19 was associated with 62% increased odds of elevated depression risk (BDI-II ≥ 14) post-COVID-19 when adjusted for confounders (odds ratio; 95% CI 1.13–2.30, p = 0.008).
ConclusionsCOVID-19 was associated with long-term depression risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, particularly in women. Thus, long-term evaluations of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and preventive public health initiatives are warranted in older adults.
Night-time/daytime Protein S100B serum levels in paranoid schizophrenic patients
- E. Diaz-Mesa, A. Morera-Fumero, L. Torres-Tejera, A. Crisostomo-Siverio, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, R. Zuñiga-Costa, S. Yelmo-Cruz, R. Cejas-Mendez, C. Rodriguez-Jimenez, L. Fernandez-Lopez, M. Henry-Benitez
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S445-S446
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
S100B is a calcium-binding astrocyte-specific cytokine, that is considered a biomarker of neurodegeneration; which may be involved in the imbalance of the inflammatory response observed in several brain disorders, including major depression and schizophrenia. Two meta-analyses have reported higher serum levels of S100B in patients with schizophrenia respect to healthy controls.
Different studies have described circadian and seasonal variations of biological variables, such as melatonin or cortisol. It has been reported that there is not circadian rhythm of S100B blood levels in healthy subjects. However, it is not known whether there are circadian oscillations in S100B blood concentrations in patients with schizophrenia.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe S100B serum levels in patients with schizophrenia and to analyse whether they follow a circadian rhythm.
MethodsOur sample consists in 47 patients in acute phase and stabilized status. Blood samples were collected at 12:00 and 00:00 hours by venipuncture. Serum levels of Protein S100B were measured three times: at admission, discharge and three months after discharge. Protein S100B was measured by means of ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) techniques.
Results12:00 24:00 P ADMISSION 132,95±199,27 85,85±121,44 0,004 DISCHARGE 73,65±71,744 75,80±123,628 0,070 CONTROL 43,49±34,60 40,14±23,08 0,47 P global P Admission Vs. Discharge P Admission Vs. Control P Discharge Vs. Control 0,97 There is a significance difference between 12:00 and 24:00 at admission for the Protein S100B.However, these difference did not occur at discharge and at three months after discharge.It can be interpreted as there is a circadian rhythm of Protein S100B when the patient has got a psychotic outbreak and disappears at discharge and when is psychopathologically stable.
ConclusionsWith respect to our results we can hypothesize that schizophrenic patients in acute relapse present circadian S100B rhythm that is not present when the patients are clinically stable.Furthermore, the decrease of serum protein S100B levels at discharge is indicative of a reduction of the cerebral inflammation, thus it can be a biomarker of cerebral inflammation and this reduction can be the effect of the treatment. Finally, its circadianity could be a guide of this process and clinical improvement.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone circadian variations in paranoid schizophrenic psychosis between acute and stable phases. A comparative study.
- A. Marcos-Rodrigo, A. L. Morera-Fumero, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, E. Diaz-Mesa, L. Fernandez-Lopez, J. J. Tascon-Cervera
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S186
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Day-night changes in several molecules are studied as biomarkers of circadian rhytms (Morera-Fumero, A. L. et al. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2017; 75 207-212). Circadian rhythmicity of the pituitary-thyroid axis has been proven in healthy individuals, with a Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) peak in serum around midnight and peaks during day hours (Bellastella, G. et al. Life 2021; 11(5), 426). A recent meta-analysis has reported differences in serum TSH levels between first-episode psychosis and multiple-episode schizophrenia (Misiak, B. et al. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2021; 111, 110402). However, studies assessing quantitative circadian variations on TSH serum in schizophrenic patients are scant.
ObjectivesComparing serum TSH levels at two different times of the day (12:00 and 24:00 hours) and the differences between the acute (hospital admission) and recovered phase (hospital discharge) of the disease.
MethodsFourteen male patients (age 26,8±9,3 years) with the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia psychosis according to the DSM-IV partake in the study. Patients were admitted to the University Hospital of the Canary Islands psychiatric room because of acute relapse. Blood samples were taken in the first 24 h of admission and at 24 h. before discharge. All patients gave written consent to participate in the research study. Serum TSH was determined by ELISA methods. Paired sample t-tests were performed between TSH serum levels at admission and discharge at 12:00 and 24:00 hours. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 25 software for MAC (IBM Corporation 1989, 2017).
ResultsThere were statistical differences between the 12:00 h and the 24:00 h of the TSH serum levels at admission (12:00: 145,856±156,961vs. 00:00: 192,006± 122,757, p = 0.04); TSH discharge, (12:00: 134,483±72,882vs 00:00: 244,214±148,697, p = 0.002). There were no statistical differences between the 12:00 TSH levels at admission and discharge (145,856±156,961 vs. 134,483± 72,882, p = 0.66). The 24:00 h comparison of TSH levels neither elicited significant results (admission: 192,006±122,757 vs. discharge: 244,214± 148,697, p = 0.15).
ConclusionsSchizophrenic patients undergo TSH serum changes in a circadian pattern during the acute and stable phases of the disease; nevertheless, they experience smaller deviations during the acute phase. Higher levels of TSH were observed around midnight, as it happens in healthy individuals, with higher peaks during the stable phase compared to the acute one.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Alternative initiations with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate. A retrospective study
- S. Benavente López, S. Bolaño Mendoza, A. Parra González, A. Lara Fernández, A. Herencias Nevado, E. Baca García
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S488-S489
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
6-monthly paliperidone palmitate features an initiation regimen through 1-monthly paliperidone palmitate or 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate. Some patients do not have sufficient adherence to treatment and it is necessary at the clinical level to start directly with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate. There is little clinical experience with these alternative initiations and through this work those that have been carried out for 12 months at the Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena are exposed.
ObjectivesThe main objective of the study is to describe the alternative initiations performed with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate in routine clinical practice, having opted for a regimen different from the standard for clinical reasons.
MethodsA retrospective selection of patients will be made through non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, including all patients who have been administered 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate with a start different from the standard during the last 4 months. To do this, the electronic medical record will be used, first selecting the patients who have started 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate through the anonymized digital records and, later, including in the study only those who have followed an alternative initiation pattern. The variables studied will be the following: age, sex, diagnosis, dose of paliperidone palmitate, initiation regimen, consumption of toxic substances, absenteeism from 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, and visits to the emergency room and admissions.
ResultsThe study included a total of 20 patients (n: 20). 80% of the patients were male and 20% were female. The mean age was 39.7 years. 75% of the patients had an associated substance use disorder. The following alternate starting schedules were performed with biannual paliperidone palmitate: monthly paliperidone palmitate on days 1 and 8, and 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate on day 38 (n: 11); monthly paliperidone palmitate 150 mg together with semi-annual paliperidone palmitate both on day 1 (n: 5); biannual paliperidone palmitate on day 1 supplemented with oral paliperidone for 45 days (n:4). A total of 0 visits to the emergency department and 0 admissions were observed after the 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate regimen.
ConclusionsAlternative initiations with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate may be a useful and safe clinical alternative in patients with very low adherence who, due to clinical needs, require starting 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate earlier in order to guarantee adherence.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Clinical experiences with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate after 12 months of use. A retrospective study
- S. Benavente López, A. Parra González, S. Bolaño Mendoza, A. Lara Fernández, A. Herencias Nevado, E. Baca García
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S488
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIA) have provided a significant improvement in the treatment of schizophrenia. Although there is already significant clinical experience with paliperidone palmitate, it is important to evaluate the clinical response of patients to this new 6-monthly presentation, so descriptive studies based on real clinical evidence can be very useful for this purpose.
ObjectivesThe main objective of the study is to describe the use of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate in routine clinical practice, providing variables that objectify the evolution such as the number of admissions and visits to the emergency room.
MethodsRetrospective descriptive study with a sample selected by non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, retrospective type, in a time interval of 12 months (n=40). The patients selected were all those who received 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate treatment, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, in 12 months of use at Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena. A descriptive analysis was performed. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables and N and percentage for categorical variables.
ResultsA total of 40 administrations of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate were performed in the study. None of the patients presented adverse reactions related to the administration of the drug, not reporting local pain or inflammation of the puncture area, except for the characteristic discomfort of an intramuscular puncture. Regarding the efficacy of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, none of the patients presented a psychotic decompensation after its administration, maintaining psychopathological stability after the change. The switch to 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate was made from both 1-monthly paliperidone palmitate and 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate, both showing the same efficacy. Regarding tolerability, all the patients who were administered 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate were previously treated with the monthly and quarterly presentation of the same molecule, having presented good tolerability to it, maintaining said tolerability after treatment. change to 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, with no adverse reaction being recorded after the change. The adherence presented by the patients was very good, performing 100% of the administrations of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate
Conclusions6-monthly paliperidone palmitate may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for the treatment of schizophrenia. In the present study, the use of said LAIA in a group of 40 patients is objectified, showing excellent efficacy and tolerability. All study patients were already stable with the 1-monthly and 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate formulations, maintaining said psychopathological stability when switching to the 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate formulation, with excellent adherence and adverse effect profile .
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychiatric comorbidity profiles among suicidal attempters: A cohort study
- Y. Sanchez-Carro, M. Diaz-Marsa, V. Fernandez-Rodrigues, W. Ayad-Ahmed, A. Pemau, I. Perez-Diaz, A. Galvez-Merlin, P. de la Higuera-Gonzalez, V. Perez-Sola, P. Saiz, I. Grande, A. Cebria, J. Andreo-Jover, P. Lopez-Peña, M. Ruiz-Veguilla, A. de la Torre-Luque
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S318-S319
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
More than 700,000 people die by suicide in 2019 globally (World Health Organitation 2021). Mental health problems constitute a risk factor for suicidal behavior and death by suicide (Hoertel et al. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20 718–726). Different mental disorders have been related to different forms of suicidal ideation and behavior (Conejero et al. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20, 33) (Quevedo et al. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 102 152194). However, little is known on comorbidity profiles among suicide attempters.
ObjectivesThe aim of our work was to identify the psychiatric comorbidity profiles of individuals who were admitted a hospital emergency department due to a suicide attempt. Moreover, it intended to know their clinical characteristics according to comorbidity profile.
MethodsA sample of 683 attempters (71.30% female; M age= 40.85, SD= 15.48) from the SURVIVE study was used. Patients were assessed within the 15 days after emergency department admission. Sociodemographic (i.e., sex, age, marital status and employment status) and clinical data were collected. The International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess DSM-V Axis 1 mental health diagnoses and the Columbia Suicide Rating Scale (C-SSRS) to assess suicidal ideation and behavior. The Acquired Capacity for Suicide-Fear of Death Scale (ACSS-FAD), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms during the past 2 weeks, and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale to assess symptoms of worry and anxiety were also conducted. For the identification of comorbidity profiles, latent class analysis framework was followed considering diagnosis to each individual disorder as clustering variables. On the other hand, binary logistic regression was used to study the relationship between comorbidity profile membership and clinical factors.
ResultsTwo classes were found (Class I= mild symptomatology class, mainly featured by emotional disorder endorsement; and Class II= high comorbidity class, featured by a wide amount of endorsed diagnoses) (see figure 1). Individuals from the High comorbidity class were more likely to be female (OR= 0.98, p<.05), younger in age (OR= 0.52, p< .01), with more depressive symptoms (OR=1.09, p<.001) and have greater impulsivity (OR= 1.01, p<.05).
Image:
ConclusionsWe found two profiles of people with suicidal behavior based on the presence of mental disorders. Each of the suicidal subtypes had different associated risk factors. They also had a different profile of suicidal behavior.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Treatment adherence of a case managed program for patients with severe schizophrenia compared to standard care in mental health units.
- S. Díaz-Fernández, J. J. Fernández-Miranda, F. López-Muñoz
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1088-S1089
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Although some studies have reported that case management (CM), when is compared with standard care, reduces the loss of contact with health services, the debate continues about its superiority over other treatment models.
ObjectivesTo assess treatment adherence and reasons for treatment discontinuation, and the impact of the type of APs administration on it, for a group of patients with schizophrenia treated in a CMP or receiving standard treatment in mental health units (MHUs).
MethodsAn observational, longitudinal study (ten-year follow-up) was conducted on 688 patients with severe schizophrenia (CGI-S ≥ 5). All the causes of the end of treatment were recorded, together with the AP medication prescribed and kind of regimes.
Results43.6% of the patients had discontinued treatment in MHUs and only 12.1% on the CMP (p < 0.0001). 27.6% of patients in MHUs were on long-acting injectables (LAIs), and 57.6 on the CMP (p < 0.001). Treatment discontinuation was closely linked to be on OAPs medication in both cases (p < 0.001).
Table 1. Treatment discontinuation, hospital admissions and suicide attempts [N(%)] N= 688 MHU (N=344) CMP (N= 344) P value Treatment discontinuation 290 (84.3) 42 (12.2) <0.00001 OAP LAI OAP LAI Treatment discontinuation 180(52.3) 90(26.2)a 34(9.9) 8(2.3)b Hospital admissions 260 (75.6) 80 (23.5) <0.001 OAP LAI OAP LAI Hospital admissions 180 (52.3) 80 (23.5)a 65 (18.9) 15 (4.4)b Suicide attempts 134 (38.9) 26 (7.7) <0.0001 OAP LAI OAP LAI Suicide attempts 160(46.5) 74(21.5)a 18(5.2) 8(2.3)b a: p<0.01 b: p<0.001 N: number of patients %: percentage of patients
MHU: mental health unit CMP: case managed programme
AP: antipsychotic FGA, SGA: first, second generation antipsychotic
OAP: oral antipsychotic LAI: long-acting injectable antipsychotic
ConclusionsOur findings show how specific strategies as programs with an integrated treatment and case-managed approach, increase adherence. Moreover, treating with LAI APs clearly contributes to the achievement of these results. The widespread implementation of comprehensive community programs with case management, and the use of LAI-APs, should be an effective choice for people with schizophrenia and clinical severity and impairment, and at high risk of treatment discontinuation.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared