Nature provides inspiration for enhanced control of adhesion through numerous examples ranging from geckos to jumping spiders. The primary strategy in these examples is the incorporation of patterns, specifically high-aspect-ratio topographic features, to ingeniously maximize adhesion forces while maintaining ease of release. Recently, considerable research efforts have been devoted toward the understanding, development, and optimization of synthetic analogues to these examples in nature. In this article, we provide insight into the mechanisms that lead to enhanced control of interfacial properties through patterning, the strategies that can be used for fabricating synthetic patterns, and an overview of experimental results that have been used to gain understanding and guidance in this emerging field.