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Plasma polyphenols associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations: a cross-sectional study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
- Laura M. Harms, Augustin Scalbert, Raul Zamora-Ros, Sabina Rinaldi, Mazda Jenab, Neil Murphy, David Achaintre, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, Kim Overvad, Francesca Romana Mancini, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Tilman Kühn, Verena Katzke, Antonia Trichopoulou, Georgia Martimianaki, Anna Karakatsani, Domenico Palli, Salvatore Panico, Sabina Sieri, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Roel C. H. Vermeulen, Elisabete Weiderpass, Therese Haugdahl Nøst, Cristina Lasheras, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, José María Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Miren Dorronsoro, Johan Hultdin, Julie A. Schmidt, Marc Gunter, Elio Riboli, Krasimira Aleksandrova
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 123 / Issue 2 / 28 January 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 October 2019, pp. 198-208
- Print publication:
- 28 January 2020
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Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterise the association between plasma concentrations of thirty-five polyphenol compounds and low-grade systemic inflammation state as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A cross-sectional data analysis was performed based on 315 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort with available measurements of plasma polyphenols and hsCRP. In logistic regression analysis, the OR and 95 % CI of elevated serum hsCRP (>3 mg/l) were calculated within quartiles and per standard deviation higher level of plasma polyphenol concentrations. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the sum of plasma concentrations of all polyphenols measured (per standard deviation) was associated with 29 (95 % CI 50, 1) % lower odds of elevated hsCRP. In the class of flavonoids, daidzein was inversely associated with elevated hsCRP (OR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96). Among phenolic acids, statistically significant associations were observed for 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·87), ferulic acid (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·96) and caffeic acid (OR 0·69, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·93). The odds of elevated hsCRP were significantly reduced for hydroxytyrosol (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·93). The present study showed that polyphenol biomarkers are associated with lower odds of elevated hsCRP. Whether diet rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds could be an effective strategy to prevent or modulate deleterious health effects of inflammation should be addressed by further well-powered longitudinal studies.
2346: Receptor for advanced glycation end-products: Mitigating the persistent effects of particulate matter induced airway injury
- Syed Hissam Haider, Liqun Zhang, George Crowley, Erin J. Caraher, Rachel Lam, Sophia Kwon, Ann Marie Schmidt, Lung-Chi Chen, D. J. Prezant, Anna Nolan
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 1 / Issue S1 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2018, pp. 7-8
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Obstructive lung disease following particulate matter (PM) exposure is a major health concern. Coexisting metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) often occurs. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is highly expressed in the lung, is a strong predictor of FEV1, and is a key mediator of MetSyn. To determine if the loss of RAGE protects from the persistence of effects of particulate associated lung injury in a murine model. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Wild type (WT) and RAGE knockout (RKO) mice were exposed to 100 μg of PM (WTC-Aggregate, PM53) or PBS control by oropharyngeal aspiration. Lung function, methacholine challenge, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were quantified 28 days after PM exposure using flexiVent (Scireq Montreal, QC). BAL was obtained and cell differentials, cytokines and transcription factors were assayed. Bio-volume to airspace ratio and mean chord length were measured (Image J and Adobe Photoshop). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: WT mice were hyper-reactive to methacholine compared with their PBS controls 28 days after a single exposure to PM. They recovered from increased neutrophilia, loss of FEV, decreased compliance, and increased resistance, which were previously observed 24-hours after exposure. RKO were not hyper-reactive when compared with their own PBS controls. Lung histology shows persistence of loss of alveolar space in WT mice exposed to PM after 28 days. Area fraction was significantly higher in PM exposed WT mice after 28 days which was not significant after 24 hours. Mean chord length was significantly shorter for PM exposed at both time points for WT mice. The relative expression of phosphorylated to total CREB and ERK1/2 proteins was lower in RKO PM exposed mice compared with WT PM while STAT3 expression was lower in WT PM compared with WT PBS. PM induced a lower fold change of total proteins from the PBS controls in RKO for CREB, p38, ERK1/2, STAT3, and STAT5. JNK and p70S6k total proteins expressed a decreased fold change in WT PM exposed mice compared with WT PBS controls. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: A single dose of PM can produce persistent airway hyper-reactivity after 28 days of exposure. This PM induced injury is alleviated in the absence of RAGE, similar to what was seen at 24 hours. Inhibiting RAGE may be key to limiting the persistent inflammatory effects of high intensity PM exposure.
Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international feeding trial
- Eveliina Lehtonen, Anne Ormisson, Anita Nucci, David Cuthbertson, Susa Sorkio, Mila Hyytinen, Kirsi Alahuhta, Carol Berseth, Marja Salonen, Shayne Taback, Margaret Franciscus, Teba González-Frutos, Tuuli E Korhonen, Margaret L Lawson, Dorothy J Becker, Jeffrey P Krischer, Mikael Knip, Suvi M Virtanen, , Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Elias Arjas, Åke Lernmark, Barbara Schmidt, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Hans K. Åkerblom, Mila Hyytinen, Mikael Knip, Katriina Koski, Matti Koski, Eeva Pajakkala, Marja Salonen, David Cuthbertson, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Linda Shanker, Brenda Bradley, Hans-Michael Dosch, John Dupré, William Fraser, Margaret Lawson, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Mathew Sermer, Shayne P. Taback, Dorothy Becker, Margaret Franciscus, Anita Nucci, Jerry Palmer, Minna Pekkala, Suvi M. Virtanen, Jacki Catteau, Neville Howard, Patricia Crock, Maria Craig, Cheril L. Clarson, Lynda Bere, David Thompson, Daniel Metzger, Colleen Marshall, Jennifer Kwan, David K. Stephure, Daniele Pacaud, Wendy Schwarz, Rose Girgis, Marilyn Thompson, Shayne P. Taback, Daniel Catte, Margaret L. Lawson, Brenda Bradley, Denis Daneman, Mathew Sermer, Mary-Jean Martin, Valérie Morin, Lyne Frenette, Suzanne Ferland, Susan Sanderson, Kathy Heath, Céline Huot, Monique Gonthier, Maryse Thibeault, Laurent Legault, Diane Laforte, Elizabeth A. Cummings, Karen Scott, Tracey Bridger, Cheryl Crummell, Robyn Houlden, Adriana Breen, George Carson, Sheila Kelly, Koravangattu Sankaran, Marie Penner, Richard A. White, Nancy King, James Popkin, Laurie Robson, Eva Al Taji, Irena Aldhoon, Pavla Mendlova, Jan Vavrinec, Jan Vosahlo, Ludmila Brazdova, Jitrenka Venhacova, Petra Venhacova, Adam Cipra, Zdenka Tomsikova, Petra Krckova, Pavla Gogelova, Ülle Einberg, Mall-Anne Riikjärv, Anne Ormisson, Vallo Tillmann, Päivi Kleemola, Anna Parkkola, Heli Suomalainen, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Anu-Maaria Hämälainen, Hannu Haavisto, Sirpa Tenhola, Pentti Lautala, Pia Salonen, Susanna Aspholm, Heli Siljander, Carita Holm, Samuli Ylitalo, Raisa Lounamaa, Anja Nuuja, Timo Talvitie, Kaija Lindström, Hanna Huopio, Jouni Pesola, Riitta Veijola, Päivi Tapanainen, Abram Alar, Paavo Korpela, Marja-Liisa Käär, Taina Mustila, Ritva Virransalo, Päivi Nykänen, Bärbel Aschemeier, Thomas Danne, Olga Kordonouri, Dóra Krikovszky, László Madácsy, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Ernesto Maddaloni, Paolo Pozzilli, Carla Mannu, Marco Songini, Carine de Beaufort, Ulrike Schierloh, Jan Bruining, Margriet Bisschoff, Aleksander Basiak, Renata Wasikowa, Marta Ciechanowska, Grazyna Deja, Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot, Agnieszka Szadkowska, Katarzyna Cypryk, Malgorzata Zawodniak-Szalapska, Luis Castano, Teba Gonzalez Frutos, Mirentxu Oyarzabal, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Federico Gustavo Hawkins, Dolores Rodriguez Arnau, Johnny Ludvigsson, Malgorzata Smolinska Konefal, Ragnar Hanas, Bengt Lindblad, Nils-Osten Nilsson, Hans Fors, Maria Nordwall, Agne Lindh, Hans Edenwall, Jan Aman, Calle Johansson, Margrit Gadient, Eugen Schoenle, Dorothy Becker, Ashi Daftary, Margaret Franciscus, Carol Gilmour, Jerry Palmer, Rachel Taculad, Marilyn Tanner-Blasiar, Neil White, Uday Devaskar, Heather Horowitz, Lisa Rogers, Roxana Colon, Teresa Frazer, Jose Torres, Robin Goland, Ellen Greenberg, Maudene Nelson, Holly Schachner, Barney Softness, Jorma Ilonen, Massimo Trucco, Lynn Nichol, Erkki Savilahti, Taina Härkönen, Mikael Knip, Outi Vaarala, Kristiina Luopajärvi, Hans-Michael Dosch
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 17 / Issue 4 / April 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 June 2013, pp. 810-822
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Objective
To examine the use of vitamin D supplements during infancy among the participants in an international infant feeding trial.
DesignLongitudinal study.
SettingInformation about vitamin D supplementation was collected through a validated FFQ at the age of 2 weeks and monthly between the ages of 1 month and 6 months.
SubjectsInfants (n 2159) with a biological family member affected by type 1 diabetes and with increased human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from twelve European countries, the USA, Canada and Australia.
ResultsDaily use of vitamin D supplements was common during the first 6 months of life in Northern and Central Europe (>80 % of the infants), with somewhat lower rates observed in Southern Europe (>60 %). In Canada, vitamin D supplementation was more common among exclusively breast-fed than other infants (e.g. 71 % v. 44 % at 6 months of age). Less than 2 % of infants in the USA and Australia received any vitamin D supplementation. Higher gestational age, older maternal age and longer maternal education were study-wide associated with greater use of vitamin D supplements.
ConclusionsMost of the infants received vitamin D supplements during the first 6 months of life in the European countries, whereas in Canada only half and in the USA and Australia very few were given supplementation.
The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and cardiovascular disease
- Shi Fang Yan, Ravichandran Ramasamy, Ann Marie Schmidt
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- Journal:
- Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 11 / July 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 March 2009, e9
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Recent and compelling investigation has expanded our view of the biological settings in which the products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids – the advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) – form and accumulate. Beyond diabetes, natural ageing and renal failure, AGEs form in inflammation, oxidative stress and in ischaemia–reperfusion. The chief signal transduction receptor for AGEs – the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) – is a multiligand-binding member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In addition to AGEs, RAGE binds certain members of the S100/calgranulin family, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and β-amyloid peptide and β-sheet fibrils. Recent studies demonstrate beneficial effects of RAGE antagonism and genetic deletion in rodent models of atherosclerosis and ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the heart and great vessels. Experimental evidence is accruing that RAGE ligand generation and release during ischaemia–reperfusion may signal through RAGE, thus suggesting that antagonism of this receptor might provide a novel form of therapeutic intervention in heart disease. However, it is plausible that innate, tissue-regenerative roles for these RAGE ligands may also impact the failing heart – perhaps through RAGE and/or distinct receptors. In this review, we focus on RAGE and the consequences of its activation in the cardiovasculature.
47 - Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products and the Endothelium: A Path to the Complications of Diabetes and Inflammation
- from PART II - ENDOTHELIAL CELL AS INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE
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- By Jean-Luc Wautier, University Lariboisiere-Saint Louis and Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France, Ann Marie Schmidt, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Edited by William C. Aird, Harvard University, Massachusetts
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- Book:
- Endothelial Biomedicine
- Published online:
- 04 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 03 September 2007, pp 419-429
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Summary
Nonenzymatically modified adducts of proteins or lipids engage the vascular endothelium by mechanisms distinct from those of the native, unmodified species. These modified adducts, termed advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), are particularly prevalent in diabetes, but accumulate aswell in diseases such as renal failure, in states of intense inflammation, and in aging. Extracellular AGEs mediate their cellular activity by binding to the receptor for age (RAGE). Increasing evidence suggests that disease-associated ligands other than AGE may bind and activate RAGE and thus contribute to diverse tissuedamaging complications. Studies in this area have provided a framework for targeting the ligand–RAGE axis as a novel therapeutic opportunity in diabetes.
THE PROBLEM OF GLYCATION
A range of physiological and pathophysiological states provides a ripe environment for the post-translational modification of proteins and lipids that eventuate in the formation of AGEs. Such modified species bind to and activate specialized receptors (RAGE) present on the surface of multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). AGE–RAGE interactions result in EC dysfunction, and appear to play an important pathophysiological role in several diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Maillard Reaction and the Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts
The nonenzymatic glycation of proteins was first described in 1912, by Louis-Camille Maillard (1). This reaction begins when the carbonyl group (either aldehyde or ketone) of the reducing sugar forms a reversible Schiff base with the amino group of the molecule. Schiff bases may undergo subsequent intramolecular rearrangements to form Amadori products (2). A series of further rearrangements may occur, including dehydration and condensation reactions to form irreversible endproducts, or the AGEs (Figure 47.1).
The relationship of personality and values to career intervention outcomes
- Ann-Marie Schmidt
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- Journal:
- Queensland Journal of Guidance and Counselling / Volume 3 / November 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 October 2015, pp. 65-81
- Print publication:
- November 1989
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This paper explores the relative impact of four career counselling interventions on six outcome measures for final year students in a Brisbane high school. The six measures used were: vocational identity, degree of decidedness, number of jobs listed, congruence of expressed (occupational choice) and measured interests, internal consistency of expressed interests and the occupational status of the most preferred occupation. Comparison of pre- and post-test measures showed that for the low identity group, there was an increase in vocational identity, congruency, and a listing of fewer jobs after the intervention. It was concluded that no changes were accounted for by individual counselling interventions. However, there seemed to be some evidence that changes resulted from a group career guidance program in which all students participated. The changes noted indicated that students gained in vocational awareness and maturity and showed greater selectivity in career decision making over time. Differences were found between male and female students in career related attitudes and career choices. Several applications of the findings for current practice were considered including the use of the My vocational situation and Career information survey instruments for streamlining service delivery and prioritising student access. The need for further research to resolve some of the issues raised by the study was discussed.