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Hepatitis C Virus Transmission at a Long-Term Care Facility (LTCF) Providing Hemodialysis Services—Georgia, United States, 2019
- JoAnna Wagner, Ami Gandhi, Bill Johnson, Nicole Gualandi, Danae Bixler, Tonya Hayden, Po-Yi Ho, Sumathi Ramachandran, Priti Patel, Jeanne Negley
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, pp. s248-s249
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission at outpatient hemodialysis clinics is well documented, but little is known about HCV transmission risks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) providing hemodialysis services. LTCFs can provide onsite hemodialysis for residents by contracting with a licensed hemodialysis clinic to either provide its staff to the LTCF or to train LTCF staff as caregivers. In August 2019, the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) was notified about an HCV seroconversion in patient A at a LTCF providing onsite hemodialysis. Methods: Three residents (including patient A) were receiving hemodialysis at the LTCF in August 2019; patients B and C had chronic HCV infection upon admission. Records were reviewed for medical history, behavioral risk factors, and healthcare exposures. We conducted onsite infection control assessments and interviewed staff. Serum specimens were collected for all 3 patients in August 2019 and HCV tested for genetic similarity using Global Hepatitis Outbreak Surveillance Technology (GHOST). Results: The facility reported initiating onsite hemodialysis in November 2018; facility staff were trained by a dialysis provider. Patient A, admitted in September 2018, was anti-HCV negative in June 2019 and both anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive in July 2019. Patient B was admitted in December 2018, discharged for 1 month in May 2019, and then readmitted. Patients A and B reported previous injection drug use, and they were not observed by staff to use during their stay and had limited mobility. Patient A was wheelchair confined and B was bed confined. Patient C was admitted in May 2019. HCV samples from patients A and B both had HCV genotype 1b and demonstrated 100% genetic relatedness, indicating that patient B was the likely source. Patient C had HCV genotype 1a. Hemodialysis was provided to residents simultaneously in a converted resident room with 4 hemodialysis stations, and the LTCF operated 2 shifts, 3 times per week. We observed multiple infection control gaps, such as preparation of IV medications and inadequate disinfection in the shared dialysis treatment area. Recommendations addressing gaps were issued, and a follow-up site visit was conducted to validate implementation. With the exception of May 2019, patients A and B received hemodialysis on the same shift and days from December 2018 to September 2019. Conclusions: Phylogenetic and epidemiological results indicate HCV transmission likely occurred during hemodialysis services provided by the LTCF. As the provision of dialysis expands to nontraditional settings such as LTCFs, it is essential that proper infection control procedures and oversight are in place.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
The therapeutic needs of psychiatric in-patients with psychosis: A qualitative exploration of patient and staff perspectives
- Lisa Wood, Claire Williams, Jo Billings, Sonia Johnson
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 5 / Issue 3 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 May 2019, e45
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Background
Concerns are recurrently expressed that the therapeutic content of in-patient care is limited and lacking clear guidance. The perspectives of patients and staff regarding therapeutic priorities for psychiatric in-patient care have been little explored and compared.
AimsThe aim of this study was to examine patient and staff perspectives on the care priorities of psychiatric in-patients with psychosis.
MethodWe recruited 12 in-patients with psychosis and 12 multidisciplinary team staff. All participants undertook a semi-structured interview examining their perspectives on the therapeutic needs of people with psychosis during admission. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis conducted.
ResultsThree superordinate themes arose from patient interviews: ‘the importance of considering social circumstances and trauma’, ‘managing the intra- and interpersonal impact of psychosis’ and ‘lack of control and collaboration in care’ and three from staff interviews: ‘multidisciplinary facilitators of care’, ‘treating complexity and incorporating social factors’ and ‘restrictive practices preventing quality care provision’. Comparison of patient and staff themes identified unmet needs in addressing social marginalisation, trauma and distress, and the importance of collaborative treatment process and inclusion of spirituality.
ConclusionsThere are gaps between staff and patient perspectives on important priorities for in-patient care that may help explain persistent patient dissatisfaction with in-patient care. Findings suggest the need for coproduced work to develop and test interventions that address broader therapeutic priorities.
Declaration of interestNone.
Pyroxasulfone Is Effective for Management of Bromus spp. in Winter Wheat in Western Canada
- Eric N. Johnson, Zhijie Wang, Charles M. Geddes, Ken Coles, Bill Hamman, Brian L. Beres
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 32 / Issue 6 / December 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2018, pp. 739-748
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In response to concerns about acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor–resistant weeds in wheat production systems, we explored the efficacy of managing Bromus spp., downy and Japanese bromes, in a winter wheat system using alternative herbicide treatments applied in either fall or spring. Trials were established at Lethbridge and Kipp, Alberta, and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada over three growing seasons (2012–2014) to compare the efficacy of pyroxasulfone (a soil-applied very-long-chain fatty acid elongase inhibitor; WSSA Group 15) and flumioxazin (a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; WSSA Group 14) against industry-standard ALS-inhibiting herbicides for downy and Japanese brome control. Winter wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, with the exception of flucarbazone application at Scott. Bromus spp. control was greatest with pyroxsulam and all herbicide treatments containing pyroxasulfone. Downy and Japanese bromes were controlled least by thiencarbazone and flumioxazin, respectively, whereas Bromus spp. had intermediate responses to the other herbicides tested. Herbicides applied in fall resulted in reduced winter wheat yield relative to the spring applications. Overall, pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam provided the most efficacious Bromus spp. control compared with the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields. Therefore, pyroxasulfone could facilitate management of Bromus spp. resistant to ALS inhibitors in winter wheat in the southern growing regions of western Canada. Improved weed control and delayed herbicide resistance may be achieved when pyroxasulfone is applied in combination with flumioxazin.
Assessing the Impact of Educating Growers About Proper use of Atrazine in Pesticide Applicator Recertification Programs
- Glenn R.W. Nice, Fred Whitford, Bill Johnson, Cheri Janssen
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / June 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 326-330
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Indiana growers who purchase restricted-use pesticides are required to show the agrochemical dealer their private pesticide applicator license before the transaction can be completed. To keep the license current, growers may attend three private applicator recertification meetings or retake the exam every 5 yr. The meetings are county-based and must be a minimum of 2 h in length; they must include a topic mandated by the Office of the State Chemist. During the 2005/2006 private applicator recertification program (PARP) cycle, off-site movement of atrazine into surface water was the regulatory topic presented to 2,887 participants at 69 meetings. A team of individuals from different disciplines prepared educational materials to support the regulatory topic of the year. Surveys to assess grower awareness were conducted at the meetings and 1 yr later to monitor the long-term impact of the educational effort, and to evaluate which tactics were being adopted to reduce off-site movement of atrazine. Growers farming more than 800 ha had a higher degree of concern than small growers regarding the loss of atrazine as a weed management tool. Eighty-nine percent of the growers thought there would be a 314 to 1,255 kg/ha yield loss if atrazine was removed from the marketplace. Eighty-four percent of the growers estimated that weed control costs would increase $15 to $25/ha if no other products were available to replace atrazine. The three most acceptable management strategies to reduce atrazine movement were: more attention to label setback distances, establishment of grass filter strips around surface water, and reducing atrazine rates by tank mixing with other herbicides. The results of this project indicated that statewide programs such as this are effective in increasing awareness of an issue and documenting the impact of extension education programs.
Economic Efficiency of Short-Term Versus Long-Term Water Rights Buyouts
- Erin Wheeler, Bill Golden, Jeffrey Johnson, Jeffrey Peterson
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- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 40 / Issue 2 / August 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 January 2015, pp. 493-501
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Because of the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer, water districts, regional water managers, and state water officers are becoming increasingly interested in conservation policies. This study evaluates both short-term and long-term water rights buyout policies. This research develops dynamic production functions for the major crops in the Texas Panhandle. The production functions are incorporated into optimal temporal allocation models that project annual producer behavior, crop choices, water use, and aquifer declines over 60 years. Results suggest that long-term buyouts may be more economically efficient than short-term buyouts.
Groundwater Policy Research: Collaboration with Groundwater Conservation Districts in Texas
- Jeffrey W. Johnson, Phillip N. Johnson, Bridget Guerrero, Justin Weinheimer, Steve Amosson, Lal Almas, Bill Golden, Erin Wheeler-Cook
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- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 43 / Issue 3 / August 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 January 2015, pp. 345-356
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The unique nature of the Ogallala Aquifer presents interesting and confounding problems for water policymakers who are coping with changing groundwater rules in Texas. The purpose of this article is to link previous efforts in water policy research for the Ogallala Aquifer in Texas with current collaborations that are ongoing with regional water planners. A chronological progression of economic water modeling efforts for the region is reviewed. The results of two recent collaborative studies are presented that provide estimates of impacts of alternative policies on groundwater saturated thickness, water use, net farm income, and regional economic activities.
About the Contributors
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- By Bill Barnhart, Rosalee A. Clawson, Richard Davis, Valerie Hoekstra, Tyler Johnson, Nicholas LaRowe, Dahlia Lithwick, Phil Marcin, Laura Moyer, David G. Savage, Rorie Spill Solberg, Seth Stern, Vincent James Strickler, Matthew Thornton, Terri L. Towner, Joseph Daniel Ura, Richard L. Vining, Eric N. Waltenburg
- Edited by Richard Davis
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- Covering the United States Supreme Court in the Digital Age
- Published online:
- 05 August 2014
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- 11 August 2014, pp ix-xii
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Isabella Aboderin, W. Andrew Achenbaum, Katherine R. Allen, Toni C. Antonucci, Sara Arber, Claudine Attias‐Donfut, Paul B. Baltes, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Vern L. Bengtson, Simon Biggs, Joanna Bornat, Julie B. Boron, Mike Boulton, Clive E. Bowman, Marjolein Broese van Groenou, Edna Brown, Robert N. Butler, Bill Bytheway, Neena L. Chappell, Neil Charness, Kaare Christensen, Peter G. Coleman, Ingrid Arnet Connidis, Neal E. Cutler, Sara J. Czaja, Svein Olav Daatland, Lia Susana Daichman, Adam Davey, Bleddyn Davies, Freya Dittmann‐Kohli, Glen H. Elder, Carroll L. Estes, Mike Featherstone, Amy Fiske, Alexandra Freund, Daphna Gans, Linda K. George, Roseann Giarrusso, Chris Gilleard, Jay Ginn, Edlira Gjonça, Elena L. Grigorenko, Jaber F. Gubrium, Sarah Harper, Jutta Heckhausen, Akiko Hashimoto, Jon Hendricks, Mike Hepworth, Charlotte Ikels, James S. Jackson, Yuri Jang, Bernard Jeune, Malcolm L. Johnson, Randi S. Jones, Alexandre Kalache, Robert L. Kane, Rosalie A. Kane, Ingrid Keller, Rose Anne Kenny, Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, Kees Knipscheer, Martin Kohli, Gisela Labouvie‐Vief, Kristina Larsson, Shu‐Chen Li, Charles F. Longino, Ariela Lowenstein, Erick McCarthy, Gerald E. McClearn, Brendan McCormack, Elizabeth MacKinlay, Alfons Marcoen, Michael Marmot, Tom Margrain, Victor W. Marshall, Elizabeth A. Maylor, Ruud ter Meulen, Harry R. Moody, Robert A. Neimeyer, Demi Patsios, Margaret J. Penning, Stephen A. Petrill, Chris Phillipson, Leonard W. Poon, Norella M. Putney, Jill Quadagno, Pat Rabbitt, Jennifer Reid Keene, Sandra G. Reynolds, Steven R. Sabat, Clive Seale, Merril Silverstein, Hannes B. Staehelin, Ursula M. Staudinger, Robert J. Sternberg, Debra Street, Philip Taylor, Fleur Thomése, Mats Thorslund, Jinzhou Tian, Theo van Tilburg, Fernando M. Torres‐Gil, Josy Ubachs‐Moust, Christina Victor, K. Warner Shaie, Anthony M. Warnes, James L. Werth, Sherry L. Willis, François‐Charles Wolff, Bob Woods
- Edited by Malcolm L. Johnson, University of Bristol
- Edited in association with Vern L. Bengtson, University of Southern California, Peter G. Coleman, University of Southampton, Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing
- Published online:
- 05 June 2016
- Print publication:
- 01 December 2005, pp xii-xvi
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Glossary
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- Book:
- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
- Published online:
- 26 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 28 December 2004, pp 251-259
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Introduction
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
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- 26 August 2009
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Summary
We organized the chapters in this book to be read in sequence. However, each chapter begins with a clear statement of what we assume you know before reading the chapter, so you can jump around a little bit, depending on your background and experience. You can use the book as a reference and jump in anywhere once you have the fundamentals.
Chapter 1 presents reasons why you should learn Java and describes the many similarities between COBOL and Java.
Chapter 2 explains what OO is, and what it is not. OO terms and concepts are described using several everyday examples.
Chapter 3 describes the overall structure and format of a Java program. Several small programs are developed to show you how to create objects and call methods.
Chapter 4 shows you how to define Java data items and use them in a program. Java data definition is somewhat different than COBOL and these differences are clearly explained and demonstrated in the program examples.
Chapter 5 introduces Java computation and, again, several small programs are written to illustrate the ideas and concepts present. You will see that some Java computation is nearly identical to COBOL.
Chapter 6 illustrates how to use the Java decision-making statements.
Chapter 3 - Java Structure
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- Book:
- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
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- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp 41-65
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Summary
OBJECTIVES
In this chapter you will study:
Java program structure;
Writing class programs;
Writing Java comments;
Naming rules & conventions;
Calling methods;
Creating objects; and
Working with subclasses.
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce you to the structure of Java programs. You will see how to write and execute simple Java programs. By working with real functioning programs, instead of just code segments, you will quickly learn the major structural differences between COBOL and Java.
This chapter begins with a program that models the Customer class from the Community National Bank system introduced in Chapter 2. This program is used to illustrate Java program structure.
We will show you how to write Java comments and review the simple rules for naming variables, methods, classes, and programs. We will also explain the Java coding conventions and style guidelines that will greatly improve the readability of your programs.
We will then execute methods in the customer class program to show how objects are created and to demonstrate calling methods. We will conclude the chapter by developing programs for the account and checking account classes to illustrate working with subclasses.
This chapter assumes you understand the following:
COBOL:
COBOL program structure
Column restrictions—area A and B
Continuation column 7
Comments and remarks
Uses of periods, commas, parentheses, spaces
Scope terminators
Rules for programmer-supplied names
Java:
OO concepts (Chapter 2)
A CLASS PROGRAM
Chapter 2 introduced object-oriented concepts and described classes and objects.
Chapter 11 - Object-Oriented Development Issues
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- Book:
- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
- Published online:
- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp 229-250
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Summary
OBJECTIVES
In this chapter you will study:
OO development;
OO analysis and design issues; and
Technology architecture issues.
This chapter provides an overview of OO development and some of the issues you should consider when developing OO systems. Whereas the previous chapters introduced specific programming topics, this chapter will pull together several of those topics and present them in terms of software development. As you will see, OO development is much more than writing Java programs. The successful software developer must become familiar with, and apply, OO development techniques. OO requires more attention to analysis and design than traditional development; however, the payoff is software that is developed quicker and is easier to maintain. The chapter begins with an overview of OO development followed by a brief introduction to current OO systems development methodologies. Next, activities commonly associated with analysis are presented. Then, various aspects of design necessary for understanding OO development and successful Java programming are discussed. Java examples are provided to enable you to compare and contrast some of the basic philosophical differences between OO and traditional development approaches.
This chapter assumes you understand the following:
Java:
OO concepts (Chapter 2)
Java program structure (Chapter 3)
Defining data (Chapter 4)
Arithmetic (Chapter 5)
Decision making (Chapter 6)
Looping (Chapter 7)
Arrays (Chapter 8)
Data access (Chapter 9)
Graphical User Interfaces (Chapter 10)
DEVELOPING OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS
Programming is not a stand-alone process, although that has been the focus so far in this book.
Chapter 10 - Graphical User Interfaces
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
- Published online:
- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp 197-228
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Frontmatter
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
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- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp i-vi
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Contents
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
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- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp vii-xii
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Chapter 4 - Defining Data
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
- Published online:
- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp 66-81
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Summary
OBJECTIVES
In this chapter you will study:
Defining Java data;
Java data types;
Variable scope;
Using literals;
Defining constants;
Changing data types; and
Using Java's String class.
In this chapter you will learn how to define data using Java. We will write data definition statements for alphanumeric, numeric, and boolean data (arrays are described and illustrated in Chapter 8). You will also see how to use a supplied Java class named String to simplify the definition and manipulation of alphanumeric data. You will also learn about the scope of variables. Scope determines which parts of your program can access a variable or method.
At the end of the chapter we will develop the complete data definition statements for the attributes of the Community National Bank classes developed in the previous chapter.
NOTES
COBOL uses the term data item or field.
Java uses the term variable.
In keeping with the spirit of Java, here we will use variable.
This chapter assumes you know about:
COBOL
Data division code
Picture clauses
Usage clause
Bits and bytes
Java
Object-oriented concepts (Chapter 2)
Java program structure (Chapter 3)
COBOL PICTURE CLAUSE
Those of us who write COBOL programs are accustomed to using the PICTURE clause to describe data items.
Preface
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
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- 26 August 2009
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Summary
If you are like most other programmers, you have probably been thinking about updating your technical skills. You have been hearing a lot about Java, object-oriented development, and Internet applications. These topics have been getting a tremendous amount of press lately. In the fanfare, you may have heard someone suggest that COBOL programmers will be obsolete and can't possibly make the switch to OO. Can this possibly be true? We don't think so.
We wrote this book because we believe it is important that you learn Java and OO development. Although we don't claim learning a new programming language is a trivial task, the fact that you already know COBOL gives you a head start on learning Java. Don't let what others say bother you.
We work with COBOL as consultants for industry, in our classrooms, and as authors. However, we also work with Java and object-oriented development. From our perspective, we believe COBOL and Java are highly complementary development tools in the evolving computing environment. COBOL does a great job of processing and maintaining a firm's data. Java plays an equally important role of capturing and reporting data by connecting clients to the server across a variety of networked computers, with little concern about the specific hardware and operating systems involved.
Chapter 8 - Arrays
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- Book:
- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
- Published online:
- 26 August 2009
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- 28 December 2004, pp 151-172
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Summary
OBJECTIVES
In this chapter you will study:
One-dimensional arrays;
Two-dimensional arrays;
Searching arrays; and
Passing arrays as arguments.
This chapter shows you how to work with arrays. You will learn how to define and manipulate both single and multidimensional arrays. In this chapter, as in others, we will develop real working programs to illustrate using Java arrays.
NOTES
COBOL uses the terms single-level table; Java uses one-dimensional array.
In keeping with the spirit of Java, here we will use array and dimension.
This chapter begins with the declaration and population of one-dimensional arrays, then illustrates how to declare and populate two-dimensional arrays. The examples use both numeric and string data values.
The chapter also describes how to search an array using Java and how to pass arrays as arguments to methods.
You will see that, although internally Java treats array processing somewhat differently than COBOL, Java array handling looks a lot like COBOL table processing to the programmer. Of course, we will continue to point out significant differences between Java and COBOL and the pitfalls to avoid when writing Java from a COBOL programmer's perspective.
This chapter assumes you understand the following:
COBOL:
Defining one & two level tables
Initializing one & two level tables
Table lookup techniques
Using subscripts and indexes
Perform-varying statement
Java:
OO concepts (Chapter 2)
Java program structure (Chapter 3)
Defining data (Chapter 4)
Decision making (Chapter 6)
Looping (Chapter 7)
DECLARING ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
We begin our discussion of one-dimensional arrays by looking at loan processing for the Community National Bank (CNB).
Chapter 9 - Data Access
- E. Reed Doke, University of Arkansas, Bill C. Hardgrave, University of Arkansas, Richard A. Johnson, Southwest Missouri State University
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- Book:
- COBOL Programmers Swing with Java
- Published online:
- 26 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 28 December 2004, pp 173-196
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Summary
OBJECTIVES
In this chapter you will study:
Object persistence;
Sequential file access;
SQL database access;
Object serialization; and
Network access.
This chapter introduces you to Java data access techniques using classes supplied in three packages: java. io, java. sql, and java. net. You are undoubtedly familiar with reading and writing files using COBOL. Java, however, takes a somewhat different approach, and therefore you will not find the clear parallels between COBOL and Java in this chapter that you have seen in the previous chapters.
Here we develop programs to demonstrate sequential file input-output (I-O) and database access. In addition we demonstrate a technique called object serialization used by Java to store intact objects in files for later retrieval. Although a demonstration of network access is beyond the scope of this book, we will present an overview.
The chapter begins with a brief description of the I-O classes contained in the java. io package and their hierarchy. Then, a relatively simple sequential file I-O demonstration is presented. Next we repeat the example using a relational database. Object persistence is then discussed and illustrated using Java's Object Serialization classes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of network access using classes in the java. net package.