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P03-60 - Infant Trauma and Psychopathology in Paranoid Schizophrenia
- M. Henry, E. Diaz-Mesa, A.L. Morera-Fumero, A. Garcia-Hernandez, L. Fernandez-Lopez, S. Yelmo, F. Trujillo, J. Monzon, V. Barrau, R. Gracia-Marco
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1170
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Background
Stress and trauma have been reported as leading contributing factors in schizophrenia. And certainly child abuse (neglect, emotional, physical and sexual abuse among others) has a lasting negative impact, which is well established in literature.
ObjectivesTo consider the presence of infant trauma and its relationship with psychopathology in paranoid schizophrenics.Methods. 37 patients (mean age 29±6.3; years from onset 9.20±4.7), meeting DSM IV paranoid schizophrenia criteria, undergoing treatment in a university hospital are studied. The PANSS is administered in order to rate psychopathology.
Results27 patients had infant trauma (55.8%). Main traumas are: sexual abuse (12.8%), child abuse (7.7%), both sexual and child abuse (5.18%), parental separation (7.7%), extra-rigid parents (2.6%), alcoholic parents (18.2%), child abuse and mother's death in childhood (2.6%). Infant trauma and psychopathology showed a significant relationship concerning Hostility (No 1.75±1.209, Yes 2.26±1.759), Unnatural Movements and Posture (No 1.55±0.945, Yes 1.16±0.545), Depression (No 1.25±0.550, Yes 1.74±1.284) and Preoccupation (No 2.75±1.410, Yes 3.26±1.996).
ConclusionsInfant trauma is common in paranoid schizophrenia and our findings give some evidence to a relationship with psychopathology, especially with dimensions as Hostility, Unnatural Movements and Posture, Depression and Preoccupation. Despite sample size, a high proportion (55.8%) of the patients presented infant trauma and future research is needed in order to open new avenues in this field, particularly studies concerning infant trauma and symptomatology specificity will be greatly appreciated as well as the plausible link to personality traits and personality disorders.
Circadian rhythm of malondialdehyde formation in healthy subjects
- A.L. Morera, P. Abreu, M. Henry, A. Garcia-Hernandez, F. Guillen-Pino, A. Intxausti, A. Orozco, E. Díaz-Mesa, F. Trujillo, J. Monzon, C.D. Díaz-Melian, R. Gracia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S316
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Objective:
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a common biologic marker of oxidative stress used in psychiatric research. Data regarding MDA levels in healthy subjects are controversial. One factor affecting MDA levels may stem from the existence of a circadian rhythm of MDA formation. The objective of this study consists of investigating whether MDA formation has a circadian rhythm of formation in healthy human subjects.
Methods:The sample was comprised by 9 healthy male subjects. None of them had a history of medical or neurological disease and routine laboratory parameters were normal. The study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and all subjects gave written informed consent before their inclusion. Blood samples were extracted at 12:00 and 2:00 in December 2004. The same routine was followed during the two experimental sessions. Serum MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) according to the method of Ohkaba et al (1979).
Results:The sample was comprised by 9 male healthy subjects (age 33.0±11.7). There were significant differences in MDA levels between 12:00 and 2:00 (2.33±1.01 vs. 1.58±0.48, p<0.015).
Conclusions:MDA has a circadian rhythm of formation with higher levels at 12:00 than 2:00. This variation in circadian MDA levels of formation should be accounted when researching in this field.
Assessment of Emotional Expression in Patients Diagnosed with Adhd and Treatment Methylphenidate
- J. Monzon-Diaz, T. Rodriguez-Lorenzo, M. Henry-Benitez, B. Rubio-Morel, J. Quintero-Febles, F. Castro Molina, E. Garcia-Parra, F. Trujillo-Carrillo, A. Morera-Fumero, R. Gracia-Marco
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Although investigation have demonstrated that stimulants are effective medication for the treatment of the symptoms on the ADHD, a commonly described but quite slightly studied side effect of this type of medication, is the effect on the emotional expression of patients.
Objectivesevaluate the effect of the treatment with Methylphenidate on the affective/emotional expression in children diagnosed with ADHD.
MethodsIt's a descriptive study of several cases series, from a center and about a unique group, where 'n” will be 15 children diagnosed with ADHD at the University Hospital, who were required beginning treatment with methylphenidate, with a daily dose of at least 0,3mg/Kg. In this study it will be evaluated the emotional expression of the group, according to the scale Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) making a comparison between the previous moment to the treatment and a subsequent month from its beginning.
ResultsThe evaluation of the total result of the EESC conducted by the parent didn't show statistically significant differences between scores previously of the treatment and results after a month with it. The dominions (positive emotions, emotional flatness and emotional lability) didn't show differences between both periods of time, nevertheless, the positive emotions showed a tendency of reduction more showy than the rest, without getting to be statistically significant (p=0.0638).
ConclusionStatistically there haven't been significant changes in the emotional expression of the children caused by the treatment with methylphenidate. Nevertheless, the data show that there is a tendency to an improvement in it.
Eigenvector Analysis of Reconstructed Holocene July Temperature Departures over Northern Canada
- John T. Andrews, Henry F. Diaz
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / November 1981
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- 20 January 2017, pp. 373-389
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July temperatures for the past 6000 yr at 11 sites in northern Canada have been predicted by transfer-function equations. Normalized departures from the mean of each time series at 250-yr intervals are analyzed by principal component (eigenvector) analysis. An initial analysis included 9 sites and the first three principal components accounted for 85.7% of the variance. Maps of the loadings on the principal components show broad spatial coherence on all three components. Temporal coefficients (principal component scores) illustrate major regional and local midsummer temperature variations. An additional 2 sites were then included but the spatial pattern of the loadings remained essentially unchanged. A further test of this approach, with a view toward predicting paleoclimates of northern regions, was to use the spatial coefficients (loadings) to estimate the July temperature departures at an “unknown” site (Long Lake, Keewatin). This reconstruction compares favorably with an independent transfer-function reconstruction (Kay, 1979). Power spectrum analysis of the significant principal component scores (temperature departures) over the 6000 yr showed that the temporal fluctuations associated with the first three principal components follow a “red noise” spectrum, indicative of strong persistence in the reconstructed climatic records. The scores on the fourth principal component approximate a “white noise” spectrum. A peak in power between 2000 and 3000 yr occurs in the variance spectrum of the second principal component (significance 10%). We conclude that eigenvector analysis of Holocene paleoclimatic data has considerable power and may be useful for identifying regional and local climatic variations.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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Contents
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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Climate Extremes and Society
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Extreme climatic events present society with significant challenges in a rapidly warming world. Ordinary citizens, the insurance industry and governments are concerned about the apparent increase in the frequency of weather and climate events causing extreme, and in some instances, catastrophic, impacts. Climate Extremes and Society focuses on the recent and potential future consequences of weather and climate extremes for different socioeconomic sectors. The book also examines actions that may enable society to better respond to climate variability. It provides examples of the impact of climate and weather extremes on society. How have these extremes varied in the past, and how might they change in the future? What type of efforts will help society adapt to potential future changes in climate and weather extremes? The book is designed for all policy-makers, engineers and scientists who have an interest in the effects of climate extremes on society.
I - Defining and modeling the nature of weather and climate extremes
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- By Henry F. Diaz, Research Meteorologist, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, USA, Richard J. Murnane, Program Manager for the Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI); Senior Research Scientist, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), USA
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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Index
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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List of contributors
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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Plate section
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II - Impacts of weather and climate extremes
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- By Henry F. Diaz, Research Meteorologist, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, USA, Richard J. Murnane, Program Manager for the Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI); Senior Research Scientist, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), USA
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The significance of weather and climate extremes to society: an introduction
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- By Henry F. Diaz, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325, Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA, Richard J. Murnane, RPI/BIOS, P.O. Box 405, Garrett Park, MD 20896, USA
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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Summary
Events over the past few decades have brought extreme weather and climate events to the fore of societal concerns. Ordinary citizens, individuals in the private sector, and people at the highest levels of government worry about the apparent increase in the frequency of weather and climate events causing extreme, and in some instances catastrophic, impacts. We differentiate between weather events – relatively short-term phenomena associated with, for instance, tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons, for example), severe floods, and the like – and climate events – longer-lived and/or serial phenomena such as drought, season-long heat waves, record wildfire seasons, multiple occurrences of severe storms in a single season or year, etc. The differentiation is related to the distinction between weather, which can be forecast on short timescales of less than 1–2 weeks, and climate, which can be forecast on monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales. The adage “Climate is what you expect and weather is what you get” probably originates from the fact that climate is the statistical average of the weather over a specified time period. Regardless of whether an extreme event is weather- or climate-related, it could have significant and numerous implications for society.
This book summarizes our knowledge of different aspects of weather and climate extremes and then focuses on their recent and potential future consequences for different socioeconomic sectors.
Preface
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- By Henry F. Diaz, Research Meteorologist, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, USA, Richard J. Murnane, Program Manager for the Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI); Senior Research Scientist, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), USA
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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- Climate Extremes and Society
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- 14 September 2009
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- 22 May 2008, pp xiii-xvi
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Summary
Extreme events are critical determinants in the evolution and character of many natural and human-influenced systems. From such a perspective, extreme climatic events, in particular, present society with significant challenges in the context of a rapidly warming world. The societal impacts of recent extreme climatic events around the world motivated us to bring together in one book a scientific exploration of the nature of climatic extremes – past, present, and future – and examples of efforts aimed at making these events more comprehensible and manageable.
Extreme climatic events can affect both natural systems (e.g., coastal and riparian ecosystems) and human systems (e.g., the city of New Orleans). Despite having one of the most effective emergency response systems in the world, the United States has experienced months, and will likely continue to experience years, of difficulties in coping with the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Furthermore, while Hurricane Katrina may not be classified as an “extreme” hurricane in terms of its wind intensity at landfall, or a rare event in terms of the wind speed return period, the consequences of its landfall along the northern Gulf Coast would likely qualify as an extreme and, one hopes, rare event.
The capacity of society to respond optimally to climatic events such as active hurricane periods or long droughts depends on its ability to understand, anticipate, prepare for, and respond to extremes.
Frontmatter
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, District of Columbia, Richard J. Murnane
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- Book:
- Climate Extremes and Society
- Published online:
- 14 September 2009
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- 22 May 2008, pp i-iv
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Frontmatter
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Vera Markgraf, University of Colorado, Boulder
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- El Niño and the Southern Oscillation
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- 04 August 2010
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- 09 November 2000, pp i-iv
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13 - The Past ENSO Record: A Synthesis
- from SECTION B - Long-Term Changes in ENSO: Historical, Paleoclimatic, and Theoretical Aspects
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- By Vera Markgraf, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.A., Henry F. Diaz, Climate Diagnostics Center, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303, U.S.A.
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Vera Markgraf, University of Colorado, Boulder
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- El Niño and the Southern Oscillation
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- 04 August 2010
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- 09 November 2000, pp 463-486
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Summary
Abstract
A broad range of paleoclimate indicators is available to study the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. These climate proxy records, each of which is sensitive to somewhat different aspects of climatic variations, can be used for studying ENSO – to answer specific questions, such as, How long has ENSO been operating in its present form? In this chapter, we evaluate the information provided by the various proxy records, highlighting their possible strengths and weaknesses, and pointing out areas where outstanding research questions into the nature of ENSO variability still remain.
At present, the preponderance of evidence suggests that during glacial times, the ENSO phenomenon (if it was operating as an alternating east-west source of heat and moisture to the atmosphere) did not leave the same spatial or temporal expression in the paleoclimate record that is evident more recently. Conditions in the early Holocene, prior to ~6,000 years before present (BP), are indicative of changed atmospheric and oceanic patterns, substantially different from those of today. Only after about 6,000 years ago did the climatic associations related to the changes in sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation patterns related to ENSO that are seen today begin to be systematically recorded in the paleoclimate record.
Introduction
One of the major expressions of global interannual climate variability is related to the coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Because of the far-reaching effects of ENSO on societies, concerns about its future behavior have promoted research into the ENSO phenomenon's long-term history, especially of those intervals when climate boundary conditions (orbitally determined seasonal insolation, global ice cover, sea level, aerosols, etc.) were markedly different from those of today (Diaz and Markgraf 1992).
Index
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Vera Markgraf, University of Colorado, Boulder
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- Book:
- El Niño and the Southern Oscillation
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- 04 August 2010
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- 09 November 2000, pp 487-494
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El Niño and the Southern Oscillation
- Multiscale Variability and Global and Regional Impacts
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, Vera Markgraf
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- Published online:
- 04 August 2010
- Print publication:
- 09 November 2000
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The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a recurrent feature of the climate in tropical regions. In this volume leading experts summarize information gained over the past decade concerning diverse aspects of ENSO, which have led to marked improvements in our ability to forecast its development months or seasons in advance. This volume compares ENSO's modern morphology and variability with its recent historic and prehistoric behaviour. It expands and updates Diaz and Markgraf's earlier volume El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation (1992, Cambridge University Press). The volume will be of importance to a broad range of scientists in meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, geosciences, ecology, public health, emergency management response and mitigation, and decision-making. It will also be used as a supplementary textbook and reference source in graduate courses in environmental studies.
Acknowledgments
- Edited by Henry F. Diaz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Vera Markgraf, University of Colorado, Boulder
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- Book:
- El Niño and the Southern Oscillation
- Published online:
- 04 August 2010
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- 09 November 2000, pp xi-xii
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