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31 results

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  • Determination of the true projected contact area by in situ indentation testing

  • Gaylord Guillonneau, Jeffrey M. Wheeler, Juri Wehrs, Laetitia Philippe, Paul Baral, Heinz Werner Höppel, Mathias Göken, Johann Michler
  • Journal:
    Journal of Materials Research / Volume 34 / Issue 16 / 28 August 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 August 2019, pp. 2859-2868
    Print publication:
    28 August 2019

  • A major limitation in nanoindentation analysis techniques is the inability to accurately quantify pile-up/sink-in around indentations. In this work, the contact area during indentation is determined simultaneously using both contact mechanical models and direct in situ observation in the scanning electron microscope. The pile-up around indentations in materials with low H/E ratios (nanocrystalline nickel and ultrafine-grained aluminum) and the sink-in around a material with a high H/E ratio (fused silica) were quantified and compared to existing indentation analyses. The in situ projected contact area measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy using a cube-corner tip differs significantly from the classical models for materials with low H/E modulus ratio. Using a Berkovich tip, the in situ contact area is in good agreement with the contact model suggested by Loubet et al. for materials with low H/E ratio and in good agreement with the Oliver and Pharr model for materials with high H/E ratio.

The Study of Word Stress and Accent
  • Theories, Methods and Data
  • Edited by Rob Goedemans, Jeffrey Heinz, Harry van der Hulst
  • Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018
  • Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in the phonetic manifestation of stress and accent, their cross-linguistic variation and the subtle and intricate laws they obey in individual languages. Understanding the nature of stress and accent systems informs all aspects of linguistic theory, methods, typology and especially the grammatical analysis of language data. These themes form the organizational backbone of this book. Bringing together a team of world-renowned phonologists, the volume covers a range of typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress and accent. It will appeal to researchers who value synergistic approaches to the study of stress and accent, careful attention to cross-linguistic variation, and detailed analyzes of both well-studied and understudied languages. The book is a lively testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also identifying questions for ongoing research.

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Rob Goedemans, Universiteit Leiden, Jeffrey Heinz, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Harry van der Hulst, University of Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Study of Word Stress and Accent
    Published online:
    07 December 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018, pp 1-12

  • Summary

    The introduction outlines the background of this collection and offers a summary of the articles in this volume, clarifying both the theme issues and how different authors use terminology. This volumes cover a range of typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress/accent. On the typological side, various authors are concerned with the array of word-prosodic types and their distinguishing phonetic properties. Of specific theoretical concern is the question of foot structure and how it is manifested in different ways in different systems. Also, several chapters explicitly discuss the role of morphological structure, as well as of lexical marking of accent. The 13 chapters collected here present a lively testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also identifying questions of ongoing concern.

  • Input Strictly Local opaque maps

  • Jane Chandlee, Jeffrey Heinz, Adam Jardine
  • Journal:
    Phonology / Volume 35 / Issue 2 / May 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 June 2018, pp. 171-205

  • This paper gives a computational characterisation of opaque interactions in phonology. Specifically, a range of opaque interactions are shown to be Input Strictly Local (ISL) maps (Chandlee 2014), which are string-to-string functions that determine output based only on contiguous sequences of input symbols. Examples from Baković’s (2007) extended typology of counterfeeding, counterbleeding, self-destructive feeding, non-gratuitous feeding and cross-derivational feeding, as well as a case of fed counterfeeding from Kavitskaya & Staroverov (2010), are all given ISL analyses, which show that these interactions can be computed based on sequences of bounded length in the input. It is discussed how ISL maps are restrictive in their typological predictions, have guaranteed learning results and known methods for generation and recognition, and thus compare favourably to rule-based and constraint-based approaches to these interactions.

  • Computational phonology today*

  • Jeffrey Heinz, William J. Idsardi
  • Journal:
    Phonology / Volume 34 / Issue 2 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 August 2017, pp. 211-219
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  • This thematic issue almost did not happen. One of us (JH) was almost killed two days after the deadline for article submissions. As a pedestrian on a sidewalk minding his own business, he was struck by a car that ran a red light and lost control after a collision. So when we write that we are delighted to be writing this introduction, over one year later, we both really mean it.

Dimensions of Phonological Stress
  • Edited by Jeffrey Heinz, Rob Goedemans, Harry van der Hulst
  • Published online:
    25 November 2016
    Print publication:
    17 November 2016
  • Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in acquisition, where the tension between the abstract mental representations and the concrete physical manifestations of stress and accent is deeply reflected. Understanding the nature of the representations of stress and accent patterns, and understanding how stress and accent patterns are learned, informs all aspects of linguistic theory and language acquisition. These two themes - representation and acquisition - form the organizational backbone of this book. Each is addressed along different dimensions of stress and accent, including the position of an accent or stress within various prosodic domains and the acoustic dimensions along which the pronunciation of stress and accent may vary. The research presented in the book is multidisciplinary, encompassing theoretical linguistics, speech science, and computational and experimental research.

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