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Differences in chromatic noise suppression of luminance contrast discrimination in young and elderly people
- Rosa Maria Guimarães Brito, Bruna Rafaela Silva Sousa, Letícia Miquilini, Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart, Marcelo Fernandes Costa, Dora Fix Ventura, Maria Izabel Tentes Cortes, Givago Silva Souza
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- Journal:
- Visual Neuroscience / Volume 39 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 October 2022, E006
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Aging causes impairment of contrast sensitivity and chromatic discrimination, leading to changes in the perceptual interactions between color and luminance information. We aimed to investigate the influence of chromatic noise on luminance contrast thresholds in young and older adults. Forty participants were divided equally into Young (29.6 ± 6.3-year-old) and Elderly Groups (57.8 ± 6.6-year-old). They performed a luminance contrast discrimination task in the presence of chromatic noise maskers using a mosaic stimulus in a mosaic background. Four chromatic noise masking protocols were applied (protan, deutan, tritan, and no-noise protocols). We found that luminance contrast thresholds were significantly elevated by the addition of chromatic noise in both age groups (P < 0.05). In the Elderly group, but not the younger group, thresholds obtained in the tritan protocol were lower than those obtained from protan and deutan protocols (P < 0.05). For all protocols, the luminance contrast thresholds of elderly participants were higher than in young people (P < 0.01). Tritan chromatic noise was less effective in inhibiting luminance discrimination in elderly participants.
The effect of resveratrol in cardio-metabolic disorders during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a review
- Diego Cabral Lacerda, Paulo César Trindade Costa, Yohanna de Oliveira, José Luiz de Brito Alves
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- Journal:
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / February 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 June 2022, pp. 3-14
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Resveratrol supplementation during pregnancy and lactation has been associated with a reduced risk of maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus , and preeclampsia. In addition, emerging evidence has shown that maternal resveratrol supplementation diminishes cardio-metabolic disorders in offspring, highlighting its role in modulating adaptative responses involving phenotypical plasticity. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that administration of resveratrol during pregnancy and lactation periods could be considered an important nutritional intervention to decrease the risk of maternal and offspring cardio-metabolic disorders. To highlight these new insights, this literature review will summarize the understanding emerging from experimental and clinical studies about resveratrol supplementation and its capacity to prevent or minimize maternal and offspring cardio-metabolic disorders.
Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, and Histochemistry of Eucalyptus tereticornis
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- Priscilla S. de Brito, Carolina Sabedotti, Thiago B. Flores, Vijayasankar Raman, Julia E. Bussade, Paulo V. Farago, Jane Manfron
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 27 / Issue 5 / October 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 August 2021, pp. 1295-1303
- Print publication:
- October 2021
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This paper provides detailed anatomy and histochemistry of the leaves and stems of Eucalyptus tereticornis illustrated with brightfield and scanning electron microscopy. The key microscopic features that can aid in the species identification include the presence of crust-like epicuticular waxes on the leaf surfaces, platy aggregations of cluster crystals in the epidermal cells, presence of prismatic crystals in the epidermal cells, in the parenchymatous sheath in the blade and petiole, and in the cortex and pith of the stems, and leaf homogenous mesophyll consisting of palisade cells. Histochemical analyses confirmed the presence of lipophilic and phenolic compounds in the contents of secretory cavities, starch grains in the xylem parenchyma of the stem, and lignified elements in the sclerenchymatous ring adjoining the phloem and in the xylem in the leaves and stems.
Azospirillum brasilense increases corn growth and yield in conventional low input cropping systems
- Steliane Pereira Coelho, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão, Jeferson Giehl, Édio Vicente de Jesus, Beatriz Ferreira Mendonça, Silvane de Almeida Campos, Lamara Freitas Brito, Tamara Rocha dos Santos, Emuriela da Rocha Dourado, Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya, Marliane de Cássia Soares Silva, Paulo Roberto Cecon
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- Journal:
- Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems / Volume 36 / Issue 3 / June 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2020, pp. 225-233
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The supplementation of nitrogen can be increased by the use of nitrogen-fixing, diazotrophic bacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense. These bacteria can act to promote plant growth in various plant species, including corn (Zea mays L.). However, there is a need to understand the behavior of these bacteria in different agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the growth and yield of corn inoculated with A. brasilense, and to identify the type of farming system which benefited most from the use of A. brasilense-based inoculants. The experiment conducted over two corn crop seasons was arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of six farming systems and the presence or absence of inoculation with the bacteria A. brasilense. The farming systems were derived from a long-term experiment with different fertilization systems that has been conducted since 1984. Among these systems, there were three conventional systems (CNT1: conventional no-till without fertilizer; CNT2: conventional no-till with 150 kg ha−1 of mineral fertilizer + 50 kg ha−1 of urea; CNT3: conventional no-till with 300 kg ha−1 of mineral fertilizer + 100 kg ha−1 of urea), and three organic systems (ONT1: organic no-till with 40 m3 ha−1 of organic compost; ONT2: organic no-till with 20 m3 ha−1 of organic compost; ONT3: organic no-till with 40 m3 ha−1 of organic compost and intercropped with Canavalia ensiformis). Although the Azospirillum population in the soil before planting was the same for all six systems, the count in the rhizospheric soil was higher in the organic systems, and there was no increase in that count due to inoculation. In this study, the only difference observed was within the CNT1 system, between the inoculated (CNT1-I) and uninoculated (CNT1-NI) treatments. In this system, inoculation resulted in an increase in plant height, in addition to higher concentrations of foliar N and P, and a higher plant survival rate, which culminated in higher yield. Corn inoculated with A. brasilense in the CNT1-I treatment showed a significant increase in yield—2839 kg ha−1 higher than that recorded for CNT1-NI. This study shows that, in the conventional low input treatment CNT1-I, inoculation with A. brasilense resulted in an increase in corn growth and yield.
Maternal dyslipidaemic diet induces sex-specific alterations in intestinal function and lipid metabolism in rat offspring
- Rafael Oliveira Pinheiro, Priscilla Paulo Lins, Jader Luciano Pinto de Carvalho, Emmanuel Veríssimo de Araújo, Adriano Francisco Alves, Ramon de Alencar Pereira, Lydiane Tavares Toscano, Alexandre Sérgio Silva, Evandro Leite de Souza, José Luiz de Brito Alves, Jailane de Souza Aquino
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 121 / Issue 7 / 14 April 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 January 2019, pp. 721-734
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2019
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This study investigated the effects of a maternal dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet on lipid metabolism, microbial counts in faeces and hepatic and intestinal morphology in rat offspring with respect to sex during different phases of life. Wistar rats (dams) were fed a control (CTL) or DLP during gestation and lactation. After weaning, CTL and DLP offspring were fed a standard diet. The effects of a maternal DLP on body composition, biochemical parameters, faecal microbiota and intestinal and hepatic histomorphometric characteristics in rat offspring were evaluated at 30 and 90 d of age. The DLP diet during gestation and lactation caused lower birth weight and a greater weight gain percentage at the end of the 90-d period in both male and female offspring. Female pups from DLP dams had higher liver fat levels compared with CTL (P≤0·001) at 90 d of age. Males from DLP dams had greater visceral fat weight and lower Lactobacillus spp. faecal counts at 90 d of age (P≤0·001) as well as lower faecal fat excretion (P≤0·05) and Bacteroides spp. faecal counts (P≤0·001) at 30 d of age when compared with pups from CTL dams. However, both dams and DLP pups showed damage to intestinal villi. A maternal DLP alters intestinal function and lipid metabolism in a sex-specific manner and is a potential predisposing factor for health complications in offspring from the juvenile period to the adult period.
15 - Evolution of Air Breathing and Lung Distribution among Fossil Fishes
- Edited by Zerina Johanson, Natural History Museum, London, Charlie Underwood, Birkbeck, University of London, Martha Richter, Natural History Museum, London
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- Evolution and Development of Fishes
- Published online:
- 31 December 2018
- Print publication:
- 10 January 2019, pp 252-262
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Summary
Air-breathing evolved in fishes during the Silurian, prior to the conquest of terrestrial environments, as the first air-breathing groups were still aquatic forms. Among fossil fishes and stem-tetrapods, the air-breathing behaviour was described based on anatomical structures and organs, such as spiracles, skeletal buccal pump components, cranial ribs, well-developed pleural ribs, integumentary dermal skeleton, choanae and calcified lungs. However, due to the rarity of soft tissue preservation in the fossil record, the presence of lungs is mostly described among fossil coelacanths, which present a pulmonary complex covered by ossified lung plates throughout its length. Here, we describe the main differences among fossil coelacanth lungs, review some of the accessory air-breathing structures in fossil fishes and stem-tetrapods and discuss the air-breathing evolution that enabled the rise and development of early vertebrates on the terrestrial environment.
The evolution of a tropical rainforest/grassland mosaic in southeastern Brazil since 28,000 14C yr BP based on carbon isotopes and pollen records
- Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda, Paulo Eduardo De Oliveira, Milene Mofatto, Vanda Brito de Medeiros, Ricardo José Francischetti Garcia, Ramon Aravena, José Albertino Bendassoli, Acácio Zuniga Leite, Antonio Roberto Saad, Mario Lincoln Etchebehere
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 71 / Issue 3 / May 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 437-452
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The lack of paleoecological records from the montane Atlantic Rainforest of coastal Brazil, a hotspot of biological diversity, has been a major obstacle to our understanding of the vegetational changes since the last glacial cycle. We present carbon isotope and pollen records to assess the impact of the glaciation on the native vegetation of the Serra do Mar rainforest in São Paulo, Brazil. From ca. 28,000 to ∼ 22,000 14C yr BP, a subtropical forest with conifer trees is indicative of cool and humid conditions. In agreement carbon isotopic data on soil organic matter suggest the presence of C3 plants and perhaps C4 plants from ∼ 28,000 to ∼ 19,000 14C yr BP. The significant increase in the sedimentation rate and algal spores from ∼ 19,450 to ∼ 19,000 14C yr BP indicates increasing humidity, associated to an erosion process between ∼ 19,000 and ∼ 15,600 14C yr BP. From ∼ 15,600 14C yr BP to present there is a substantial increase in arboreal elements and herbs, indicating more humid and warmer climate. From ∼ 19,000 to ∼ 1000 14C yr BP, δ13C values indicated the predominance of C3 plants. These results are in agreement with studies in speleothems of caves, which suggest humid conditions during the last glacial maximum.
Osteoglossomorph Phylogeny Revisited: Assessing the Relationships of the Fossil Forms Laeliichthys and Heterosteoglossum (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha)
- Maria E.C. Leal, Cesar R.L. Amaral, Niels Bonde, Paulo M. Brito
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- Journal:
- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 13 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 July 2017, p. 32
- Print publication:
- 2014
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GROWTH AND FIRM DYNAMICS WITH HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL R&D
- Pedro Mazeda Gil, Paulo Brito, Oscar Afonso
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- Macroeconomic Dynamics / Volume 17 / Issue 7 / October 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 February 2013, pp. 1438-1466
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A negative or nonsignificant empirical correlation between aggregate R&D intensity and the economic growth rate is a well-known fact in the empirical growth literature, but scarcely addressed in the theoretical growth literature. This paper develops an endogenous-growth~model that explores the interrelation~between horizontal and vertical R&D under a lab-equipment specification that is consistent with that stylized fact. A key feature is that the growth rate is fully endogenous both on the intensive and on the extensive margin. Strong composition effects between horizontal and vertical R&D, along both transition and the balanced-growth path, then emerge as the main mechanism producing those results. This setting also allows us to obtain a relationship between economic growth and firm dynamics that is consistent with the empirical facts.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Human-induced injuries to marine tucuxis (Sotalia guianensis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Brazil
- Alexandre F. Azevedo, José Lailson-Brito, Paulo R. Dorneles, Monique van Sluys, Haydée A. Cunha, Ana B.L. Fragoso
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- Journal:
- Marine Biodiversity Records / Volume 2 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 March 2009, e22
- Print publication:
- January 2009
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Guanabara Bay constitutes the most degraded habitat along the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) distribution. Considering that these mammals are found year-round in this area, where the dolphin population is estimated to be approximately 70 individuals, interactions between cetaceans and human activities are of concern. From 1995 to 2005, photo-identification techniques have been employed to study marine tucuxis in Guanabara Bay and data on the individual injuries has been collected. Seven out of 78 photo-identified and catalogued individuals presented noticeable injuries on their bodies, including cut-like wounds, skin ulceration and mutilation. Parts of fishing gear attached to the bodies of some dolphins were also observed. The concern elicited by the injuries reported here is amplified if we consider that this cetacean population is highly exposed to contaminants of known immunosuppressive action, such as organochlorine, organotin and perfluoroalkyl compounds.
12 - The Crato Formation fish fauna
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- By Paulo M. Brito, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20559–900, Brazil
- David M. Martill, University of Portsmouth, Günter Bechly, Robert F. Loveridge, University of Portsmouth
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- The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil
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- 22 August 2009
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- 13 December 2007, pp 429-443
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Summary
Introduction
Fossil fishes are abundant in the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation, where the ichthyofauna is dominated by the gonorynchiform Dastilbe crandalli (Figures 12.1b, 12.3c, 12.4a–12.4e). Fishes also occur, but more rarely, in the transition beds beneath the Nova Olinda Member at Cascata. Other fish taxa include the ophiopsid Placidichthys bidorsalis, the ichthyodectiform Cladocyclus gardneri, an undescribed amiiform, and rare occurrences of the semionotiform cf. Araripelepidotes sp. and the coelacanth Axelrodichthys sp. Except for Dastilbe and the amiiform, all the taxa cited above are well known and considerably more abundant in the slightly younger Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation of the same basin.
Recent collecting has yielded the semionotiform Lepidotes sp., a single specimen of the aspidorhynchiform Vinctifer longirostris and rare specimens of the tiny ostariophysan Santanichthys sp.
Many of the fishes occur as fully articulated skeletons with scales intact, and occasionally with in situ stomach contents. Partially articulated portions of fishes occur and may represent the relics of prey items, or portions from partially decomposed individuals. Isolated bones and scales also occur. Fishes are most frequently found preserved in left or right lateral view, with examples only rarely occurring in dorsal or ventral aspect. Bedding planes may contain several individuals of the same size (usually juveniles), suggestive of mass-mortality assemblages.
13 - Anurans of the Crato Formation
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- By Maria Eduarda C. Leal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20559–900, Brazil, David M. Martill, Reader in Palaeobiology in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth, Paulo M. Brito, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20559–900, Brazil.
- David M. Martill, University of Portsmouth, Günter Bechly, Robert F. Loveridge, University of Portsmouth
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- Book:
- The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil
- Published online:
- 22 August 2009
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- 13 December 2007, pp 444-451
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Summary
Introduction
The Anura – frogs and toads of common parlance – comprise about 5,250 extant species with a near world wide distribution, excluding only Antarctica, the highest latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the marine realm. Their unique morphology, physiology and behavioural adaptations allow anurans to inhabit a wide range of environments, from the arctic tundra to hot arid deserts. However, they achieve their maximum diversity in the Neotropical rainforests (Duellman and Trueb, 1994; Hofrichter, 2000), where they prefer moist environments. Most species are required to return to freshwater environments for the development of their larvae.
Their temporal range begins in the Triassic if the pro-anurans of Madagascar and Poland are considered anurans. True anurans are relatively scarce in the Mesozoic, only becoming common and diverse in the Cenozoic (Roček, 2000). The earliest occurrence of a true anuran is Prosalirus bitis Shubin and Jenkins, 1995, from the Lower Jurassic of Arizona. This taxon achieved the basic anuran body plan that has persisted without significant modification for approximately 200 myr. Of the present 33 anuran families, five have a fossil record extending to the Mesozoic (Leiopelmatidae, Discoglossidae, Pipidae, Pelobatidae and Leptodactylidae), and one family, † Palaeobatrachidae, is exclusively Mesozoic. All but the † Palaeobatrachidae occur in Gondwana (Roček, 2000; Gao and Chen, 2004).
Anurans were first reported in the Crato Formation by Kellner and Campos (1986), where they occur only in the Nova Olinda Member (see Maisey, 1991: 325 for figure).