Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-18T01:30:34.626Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Order, Rights and Threats: Terrorism and Global Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2009

Michael Freeman
Affiliation:
Research Professor in the Department of Government, University of Essex
Richard Ashby Wilson
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Get access

Summary

The Challenge of Terrorism

In 2002, the International Council on Human Rights Policy published a report entitled Human Rights After September 11, based on an international seminar of distinguished human-rights scholars and practitioners (International Council on Human Rights Policy, hereafter ICHRP, 2002). The title implied that human rights after 9/11 were different from human rights before 9/11. How could that be?

Human rights are commonly thought to be ‘timeless’, because they are grounded in ‘the dignity and worth of the human person’. However, they have a history. After the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the struggle for human rights took place in a world dominated by the Cold War and the consequences of decolonization. The period from the mid-1980s to 2001 witnessed a surge of human-rights optimism, as many countries made the transition from authoritarianism to democracy. There were human-rights disasters in this period, such as the Rwandan genocide and the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, but, overall, the idea of human rights moved from the margins to the centre of international politics. The events of 9/11 seemed to bring an abrupt change. The dominant terms of political discourse became ‘terrorism’, ‘security’ and ‘war’. It is true that ‘terrorism’ was represented as a threat to Western values, including human rights, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq toppled two regimes that had been massive human-rights violators. Nevertheless, human-rights activists have generally believed that the ‘war on terrorism’ has created new challenges for their cause.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrews, K. (2003). ‘Why Bush Should Explain 11 September’. In Hayden, P., Lansford, T. and Watson, R. P. (Eds.), America's War on Terror, pp. 29–40. Aldershot: AshgateGoogle Scholar
An-Na'im, A. A. (2002). ‘Upholding International Legality Against Islamic and American Jihad’. In Booth, K. and Dunne, T. (Eds.), Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order, pp. 162–71. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacmillanGoogle Scholar
Beitz, C. R. (2001). ‘Does Global Inequality Matter?’ In Pogge, T. W. (Ed.), Global Justice, pp. 106–22. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Berman, P. (2003). Terror and Liberalism. New York: NortonGoogle Scholar
Boyle, J. (2003). ‘Just War Doctrine and the Military Response to Terrorism’. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 11 (2), pp. 153–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, C. (2003). ‘Selective Humanitarianism: In Defence of Inconsistency’. In Chatterjee, D. K. and Scheid, D. E. (Eds.), Ethics and Foreign Intervention, pp. 31–50. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, A. (2004). Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law.Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Dershowitz, A. M. (2002). Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge.New Haven, CT: Yale University PressGoogle Scholar
Dombey, N. (2004, September 2). ‘Not Iran, Not North Korea, Not Libya, but Pakistan’. London Review of Books, 26 (17)Google Scholar
Elshtain, J. B. (2003). Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World. New York: Basic BooksGoogle Scholar
Falk, R. (2003). The Great Terror War. Moreton-in-the-Marsh: Arris BooksGoogle Scholar
Forsythe, D. P. (2004, August 26). ‘The U.S. and Treatment of Prisoners: Only Part of the Story’. Lincoln Journal StarGoogle Scholar
Freedman, L. (2002a). ‘Introduction’. In Freedman, L. (Ed.), Superterrorism: Policy Responses, pp. 1–6. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Freedman, L. (2002b). ‘The Coming War on Terrorism’. In Freedman, L. (Ed.), Superterrorism: Policy Responses, pp. 40–56. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Freeman, M. A. (2004). ‘Human Rights and Force: Revisiting the Question of Intervention’. Paper presented to the Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 17–20 March
Fukuyama, F. (2002). ‘History and September 11’. In Booth, K. and Dunne, T. (Eds.), Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order, pp. 27–36. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacmillanGoogle Scholar
Gearson, J. (2002). ‘The Nature of Modern Terrorism’. In Freedman, L. (Ed.), Superterrorism: Policy Responses, pp. 7–24. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Halliday, F. (1996). Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. TaurisGoogle Scholar
Halliday, F. (2002). ‘A New Global Configuration’. In Booth, K. and Dunne, T. (Eds.), Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order, pp. 235–41. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacmillanGoogle Scholar
Held, D. (2004). Global Covenant: The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus. Cambridge: PolityGoogle Scholar
Hobbes, T. ([1651]1996). Leviathan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, revised student edition, edited by R. TuckGoogle Scholar
Ignatieff, M. (2004). The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror. Princeton: Princeton University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Council on Human Rights Policy. (2002). Human Rights After September 11. Versoix, Switzerland: International Council on Human Rights Policy
Kapitan, T. (2003). ‘The Terrorism of “Terrorism”’. In Sterba, J. P. (Ed.), Terrorism and International Justice, pp. 47–66. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Kassam, Z. (2003). ‘Can a Muslim Be a Terrorist?’ In Sterba, J. P. (Ed.), Terrorism and International Justice, p. 114–31. New York: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Klusmeyer, D. & Suhrke, A. (2002). ‘Comprehending “Evil”: Challenges for Law and Policy’. Ethics and International Affairs, 16 (1), pp. 27–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, J. ([1689] 1970). Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Marshall, J. (1994). John Locke: Resistance, Religion and Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickel, J. W. (1987). Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Berkeley, CA: University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Pogge, T. W. (2001). ‘Priorities of Global Justice’. In Pogge, T. W. (Ed.), Global Justice, pp. 6–23. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Rawls, J. (1972). A Theory of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Rawls, J. (1999). The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar
Reitan, R. (2003). ‘Human Rights in U.S. Policy: A Casualty of the “War on Terrorism”?The International Journal of Human Rights, 7 (4), pp. 51–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scanlon, T. M. (2003). The Difficulty of Tolerance. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valls, A. (2000). ‘Can Terrorism Be Justified?’ In Valls, A. (Ed.), Ethics in International Affairs: Theories and Cases, pp. 65–79. Lanham, MD: Rowman & LittlefieldGoogle Scholar
Waldron, J. (2003). ‘Security and Liberty: The Image of Balance’. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 11 (2), pp. 191–210CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldron, J. (2004). ‘Terrorism and the Uses of Terror’. The Journal of Ethics, 8 (1), pp. 5–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, W. (2002). ‘American Hegemony: European Dilemmas’. In Freedman, L. (Ed.), Superterrorism: Policy Responses, pp. 105–18. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Wenar, L. (2001). ‘Contractualism and Global Economic Justice’. In Pogge, T. W. (Ed.), Global Justice, pp. 76–90. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×