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Healthy mental higher education students’: Presentation of a project
- A. Torres, J. Costa, P. Carvalho, M. Loureiro
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S985-S986
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Introduction
The prevalence of mental disorders in Higher Education Students (HES) is high and has shown a worrying growth. However, only a small percentage of HES in need of psychological support request it, due to the stigma related to mental illness, requesting informal help from friends and family. Training and increasing Mental Health Literacy (MHL) have been stated as appropriate strategies to reduce stigma and increase the demand for professional psychological support. However, with the increase in the demand for help, the difficulty of providing an adequate response from psychological support of HE services also increases. Therefore, procedures that develop socio-emotional skills in the HES and strategies that enhance the responsiveness of these services are necessary.
ObjectivesTaking in consideration the literature review in this field, we develop a project to improve the mental health of HES. The project objectives’: a) the reduction of stigma related to mental disorders through the promotion of MHL in the academic community; b) the promotion of mental health and socio-emotional skills of HES; c) increasing detection and active search for professional mental health support, and d) the implementation of psychological intervention based on a stepped care model that provides an adequate response to most of the students’ mental health needs, according to individual needs.
MethodsThe project proposes to perform the following methods: a) training in mental health open to the academic community, which will aim to train volunteers to be Gatekeepers, in order to promote awareness, detection and referral of students in need of professional psychological support; b) implementation of a Student Observatory, with tracking of psychopathological symptoms, supported on the Web; c) implementation of a psychological intervention program based on a stepped care model, which will include the following progressive phases by severity: 1) digital self-help manual; 2) web-based self-help groups; 3) psychological intervention groups supported by the Web; 4) face-to-face intervention groups and 5) individual psychological intervention.
Students will be assessed before and after each step of care, with the following psychological instruments: Mental Health Inventory (MHI); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7).
ResultsThe implementation of the presented methods expect to achieve improvements on HES’ mental health, namely improvement of MHI, reduction of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 after each step of the psychological care.
ConclusionsThe project presented encloses evidence-based interventions, with inspiration on psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral approaches, and it is expected to contribute to the improvement of mental health of HES. The results will be collected and disseminated. We encourage other researcher and clinicians to perform studies about the mental health of HES.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Effect of D2R, NMDAR and CB1R genetic variants associated with cannabis use and childhood trauma in first-episode psychosis in a Brazilian population
- C. M. Loureiro, F. Corsi-Zuelli, H. A. Fachim, R. Shuhama, P. R. Menezes, C. F. Dalton, P. Louzada-Junior, S. I. N. Belangero, F. B. Coeli-Lacchini, G. P. Reynolds, R. Lacchini, C. M. Del-Ben
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S255
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Introduction
Gene-environment interactions increase psychosis risk (Gayer-Anderson et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55(5):645-657). However, identifying the genetic variants involved and how they interact with environmental risk factors underlying psychosis remains challenging.
ObjectivesTo investigate whether there are gene-environment interactions in the relationships of childhood trauma, lifetime cannabis use, and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R: DRD2), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR: GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R: CNR1) with psychosis.
MethodsIn a population-based case-control study nested in an incident study (STREAM, Brazil) (Del-Ben et al. Br J of Psychiatry 2019; 215(6):726-729), part of the EU-GEI consortium (Gayer-Anderson et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55(5):645-657), 143 first-episode psychosis patients and 286 community-based controls of both sexes aged between 16 and 64 years were included over a period of 3 years. Twenty-three SNVs of D2R (rs1799978, rs7131056, rs6275), NMDAR (GRIN1: rs4880213, rs11146020; GRIN2A: rs1420040, rs11866328; GRIN2B: rs890, rs2098469, rs7298664), and CB1R genes (CNR1: rs806380, rs806379, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs1535255, rs2023239, rs12720071, rs6928499, rs806374, rs7766029, rs806378, rs10485170, rs9450898), were genotyped from peripheral blood DNA using a custom Illumina HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip. Environmental adversities were evaluated using the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (Di Forti et al. The Lancet Psychiatry 2009; 6(5):427–436) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Grassi-Oliveira et al. Rev Saude Publica 2006; 40(2):249-55). Associations between SNVs and environmental risk factors were performed using the nonparametric multifactor dimensionality reduction software (version 3.0.2).
ResultsSingle locus analysis showed no association among the 23 SNVs with psychosis; however, gene-environment analysis was significant for the polymorphic loci rs12720071 and rs7766029 in CNR1. The best association models were the two-factor representing by the combination of CNR1 rs12720071 with lifetime cannabis use (p<0.001), and CNR1 rs12720071 with childhood trauma (p<0.05), both suggesting an increased risk of psychosis. Additionally, when considering the interaction of both environmental factors in the same model, we found CNR1 rs7766029 to be associated with psychosis (p<0.001).
ConclusionsOur study supports the hypothesis of gene-environment interactions for psychosis involving the T allele carriers of CNR1 SNVs (rs12720071 and rs7766029), childhood trauma and lifetime cannabis use in psychosis.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Voxel-based morphometric imaging in first-episode psychosis: interrogating the role of familial liability
- F. C. Corsi-Zuelli, F. L. Souza Duran, C. M. Loureiro, A. C. dos Santos, G. Busatto, P. R. Menezes, C. M. Del-Ben
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S549
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Introduction
Neuroanatomical abnormalities are reported in psychotic disorders compared to healthy controls; nevertheless, less is known about the role of familial liability to psychosis in morphological brain changes.
ObjectivesUsing an exploratory voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses of the whole brain, we evaluated differences on GMVs across the whole brain among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, community-controls, and healthy siblings of patients to interrogate the role of familial liability.
MethodsData were retrieved from a study (STREAM) conducted in Ribeirão Preto/SP Brazil. We included 71 first-episode psychosis patients (67.6% males, mean age±SD: 18.7±10.8), 24 unaffected siblings of patients (37.5% males, mean age±SD 30.8±10), and 36 controls (71.9% males, mean age±SD: 10±10.5). All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired on a 3T Philips scanner. VBM data were processed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software in MATLAB the MNI coordinate system. We performed exploratory voxel-wise comparisons of GMVs among the three groups using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model in SPM. Results were considered significant if they retained significance after family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple comparisons (p<0.05). All the analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education in years, and total brain GMV.
ResultsThe whole-brain exploratory analyses revealed no significant findings at the p<0.05 level (FWE-corrected). However, pairwise comparisons revealed significant changes betweeen FEP patients and their unaffected siblings. In particular, FEP patients had decreased volumes in the right side of the following regions (FEW = 0.047): superior temporal cortex, Rolandic operculum, insula, Heschel’s gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal pole, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, amydgala, olfactory, inferior frontal operculum, cerebellum, posterior and medial orbital frontal cortex, rectus, medial temporal, medial frontal, and putamen. FEP patients also showed decreased volumes on the left side of the following regions (FWE 0.049): frontal superior medial gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, frontal middle part, caudate, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and pallidum. Patients also showed widespread reduced GMV in various GMVs regions compared to controls at FWE<0.05. However, no difference was found between siblings and controls (FWE: >0.05).
ConclusionsThe study of healthy siblings of patients with heritable illnesses could help in the understanding of the contribution of genetic background and environmental factors to illness state and predisposition. Differences between patients and their siblings could be attributed to the disease state, considering that the unaffected sibling group and unrelated healthy control group did not differ. We will next evaluate biological and environmental contributors to the reported differences.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Inventory of Sources of Stress During Medical Education - Further Validation
- M. Carneiro, A. Macedo, E. Loureiro, M. Dias, F. Carvalho, D. Telles Correia, F. Novais, C. Barreto Carvalho, C. Cabacos, D. Pereira, P. Vitória, A. Araújo, A.T. Pereira
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S619
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Introduction
The Inventory of Academic Sources of Stress in Medical Education (IASSME) evaluates the presence and intensity of the main sources of academic stress for Portuguese Medicine students in five dimensions: Course demands/CD, Human demands/HD, Lifestyle/LS, Academic competition/AC, and Academic adjustment/AA.
ObjectivesTo further validate the ISSME using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and to analyze[ATP1] the psychometric properties of a new version including additional sources of stress.
MethodsParticipants were 666 Portuguese medicine (82.6%) and dentistry (17.4%) students (81.8% girls); they answered an online survey including the ISSME and other validated questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory – Students Survey (MBI-SS) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS).
ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the second order model composed of five factors (the original structure by Loureiro et al. 2008), but excluding item 11 (loading=.371), presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=3.274; RMSEA=.0581, p<.001; CFI=.917; TLI=.904, GFI=.919). The Cronbach’s alfas were α=.897 for the total and from α=.669 (F2-HD) to α=.859 (F1-CD) for the dimensions. The expanded version, including two additional items related to lack of interest in medicine/dentistry (F6, α=.543) and two additional COVID-19 stress-related-items (F7, α=.744) also showed acceptable fit indexes (χ2/df=3.513; RMSEA=.061, p<.001; CFI=.88.; TLI=.866, GFI=.892). This new version’s α was of .896. Pearson correlations between ISSME and the other measures were significant (p<.01) and high: >.55 with DASS and >.50 with MBI-SS. Girls presented significantly higher ISSME scores. F6 score was significantly higher in dentistry students.
ConclusionsThis further validation study underlines that IASSME presents good validity (construct and convergent) and reliability.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Inventory of Sources of Stress During Medical Education - Further Validation
- M. Carneiro, A. Macedo, E. Loureiro, M. Dias, F. Carvalho, D. Telles Correia, F. Novais, C. Barreto Carvalho, C. Cabacos, D. Pereira, P. Vitória, A. Araújo, A.T. Pereira
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S693
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Introduction
The Inventory of Academic Sources of Stress in Medical Education (IASSME) evaluates the presence and intensity of the main sources of academic stress for Portuguese Medicine students in five dimensions: Course demands/CD, Human demands/HD, Lifestyle/LS, Academic competition/AC, and Academic adjustment/AA.
ObjectivesTo further validate the ISSME using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and to analyze the psychometric properties of a new version including additional sources of stress.
MethodsParticipants were 666 Portuguese medicine (82.6%) and dentistry (17.4%) students (81.8% girls); they answered an online survey including the ISSME and other validated questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory – Students Survey (MBI-SS) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS).
ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the second order model composed of five factors (the original structure by Loureiro et al. 2008), but excluding item 11 (loading=.371), presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=3.274; RMSEA=.0581, p<.001; CFI=.917; TLI=.904, GFI=.919). The Cronbach’s alfas were α=.897 for the total and from α=.669 (F2-HD) to α=.859 (F1-CD) for the dimensions. The expanded version, including two additional items related to lack of interest in medicine/dentistry (F6, α=.543) and two additional COVID-19 stress-related-items (F7, α=.744) also showed acceptable fit indexes (χ2/df=3.513; RMSEA=.061, p<.001; CFI=.88.; TLI=.866, GFI=.892). This new version’s α was of .896. Pearson correlations between ISSME and the other measures were significant (p<.01) and high: >.55 with DASS and >.50 with MBI-SS. Girls presented significantly higher ISSME scores. F6 score was significantly higher in dentistry students.
ConclusionsThis further validation study underlines that IASSME presents good validity (construct and convergent) and reliability.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Impact of the Economic Crisis On Psychiatric Admissions in Portugal: the Smaile Research Project
- G. Cardoso, M. Silva, A. Loureiro, M. Cardoso, J. Caldas-de-Almeida, P. Santana
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Mental illness results from biological, psychological, social and contextual factors and is influenced by global events such as economic crises.
Objectives/AimsTo describe the profiles of psychiatric admissions in four Portuguese hospitals located in the metropolitan areas of Lisboa and Porto, and to assess their evolution in 2002, 2007 and 2012, and the changes associated with the economic crisis effects.
MethodsThe information was retrieved from the medical charts of all patients (n= 3,647) admitted at three periods: 2002 (no crisis), 2007 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (crisis). Demographic, social and clinical variables were obtained. The statistical binomial test was used to verify the existence of significantly differences between 2007 and 2012.
ResultsThe number of admissions increased from 2007 to 2012, with greater variation (22%) in the Disorders related to substance use (ICD-9: 291, 292, 303, 304 e 305). Statistically significant positive changes were found in the admissions of: i) patients aged 50 to 64 years (17%, p=0.022), divorced (25%, p=0.032), and unemployed (58%, p<0.001); ii) patients 50 to 64 that referred having attempted suicide (26%, p=0.067) and suicidal ideation (34%, p=0.022) during that year; iii) women 50 to 64 referring attempted suicide (39% p=0.044) and suicidal ideation (39% p=0.044).
ConclusionsOur findings suggest the influence of the economic crisis in the number and profile of people admitted for mental disorders (greater effect in unemployed patients), and its association with an increase of admissions in people with suicide attempts and suicidal ideation, and particularly in women aged 50 to 64.
Analysis of Hospital Admissions for Psychiatric Care in Portugal: Results from the SMAILE Study
- M. Silva, A. Antunes, A. Loureiro, P. Santana, J. Caldas-de-Almeida, G. Cardoso
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S250
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Introduction
Evidence shows that the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and the need for psychiatric admission is influenced by socio-demographic and contextual factors.
ObjectivesTo characterize the severity of hospital admissions for psychiatric care due to common mental disorders and psychosis in Portugal.
AimsThis retrospective study analyses all acute psychiatric admissions for common mental disorders and psychosis in four Portuguese departments of psychiatry in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, and investigates the association of their severity with socio-demographic and clinical factors.
MethodsSocio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the clinical charts of psychiatric admissions in 2002, 2007 and 2012 (n = 2621). The number of hospital admissions per year (>1) and the length of hospital stay (31 days) were defined as measures of hospital admission severity. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess which socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with both hospital admission severity outcomes.
ResultsResults showed different predictors for each outcome. Being widowed, low level of education, being retired, having psychiatric co-morbidity, and a compulsory admission were statistically associated (P < 0.05) with a higher number of hospital admissions. Being single or widowed, being retired, a diagnosis of psychosis, and a compulsory admission were associated with higher length of hospital stay, while having suicidal ideation was associated with a lower length of hospital stay.
ConclusionsSocio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are determinants of hospital admissions for psychiatric care and of their severity.
Funding Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predictors of the use of Psychosocial Interventions in Portugal: Results from the SMAILE Project
- G. Cardoso, A. Antunes, A. Loureiro, P. Santana, J. Caldas-de-Almeida, M. Silva
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S156
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Introduction
The treatment of psychiatric disorders depends on a combination of different types of care, such as psychiatric treatment and psychosocial interventions. However, there is little research on the factors that determine access to care, particularly to psychosocial interventions.
ObjectivesTo characterize the use of psychosocial interventions (psychotherapy, day hospital, and psychosocial rehabilitation) in users of outpatient psychiatric services in Portugal.
AimsThis retrospective study analyses all outpatient psychiatric visits in four Portuguese departments of psychiatry in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, and aims to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical determinants of psychosocial interventions.
MethodsSocio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from clinical charts of outpatients’ visits in 2002, 2007 and 2012 (n = 2621). All patients were characterized regarding the use of any psychosocial intervention beyond psychiatric consultations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors of psychosocial interventions use.
ResultsBeing followed in 2012, being single, having no professional activity, and having a diagnosis of psychosis or common mental disorder were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with higher odds of accessing psychosocial interventions. On the other hand, a lower level of education was associated with less use of this type of care.
ConclusionsSocio-demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric services, outpatients are determinants of the use of psychosocial interventions. Evidence suggests that social inequalities may influence the access to psychosocial interventions in Portugal.
FundingFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.
Linear theory of electron-plasma waves at arbitrary collisionality
- R. Jorge, P. Ricci, S. Brunner, S. Gamba, V. Konovets, N. F. Loureiro, L. M. Perrone, N. Teixeira
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- Journal:
- Journal of Plasma Physics / Volume 85 / Issue 2 / April 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2019, 905850211
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The dynamics of electron-plasma waves is described at arbitrary collisionality by considering the full Coulomb collision operator. The description is based on a Hermite–Laguerre decomposition of the velocity dependence of the electron distribution function. The damping rate, frequency and eigenmode spectrum of electron-plasma waves are found as functions of the collision frequency and wavelength. A comparison is made between the collisionless Landau damping limit, the Lenard–Bernstein and Dougherty collision operators and the electron–ion collision operator, finding large deviations in the damping rates and eigenmode spectra. A purely damped entropy mode, characteristic of a plasma where pitch-angle scattering effects are dominant with respect to collisionless effects, is shown to emerge numerically, and its dispersion relation is analytically derived. It is shown that such a mode is absent when simplified collision operators are used, and that like-particle collisions strongly influence the damping rate of the entropy mode.
Effects of chito-oligosaccharide on piglet jejunal explants: an histological approach
- J. R. Gerez, L. Y. Buck, V. H. B. Marutani, C. M. Calliari, L. S. Cunha, A. P. F. R. Loureiro Bracarense
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Antibiotics have been widely used in piglet diets to promote growth performance and reduce diarrhea incidence. However, the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and the risk of residues of antibiotics in animal products induced a growing interest in the use of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Chito-oligosaccharide (COS), a natural alkaline polymer of glucosamine is currently being tested as a substitute for in-feed antibiotics. In weaned piglets, COS has positive effects on promoting growth, which may be related to its action on intestinal morphology, immune ability and beneficial microbiota. However, previous studies shown variable results with effective doses ranging from 30 mg/kg to 5 g/kg. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of COS can be an alternative to in-feed antibiotics by improve the intestinal morphology of piglets, using the jejunal explant model. The intestinal explants were exposed for 4 h to following treatments: control – only culture media and culture media with COS in doses of 0.025 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 0.15 mg/ml. After the incubation period the explants were processed for histological and morphometrical analysis. The histological changes were evaluated using an adapted histological score based on the intensity and severity of lesions. Mild histological changes were observed in jejunal explants exposed to different treatments; however, no significant difference in the histological score, villi height, crypt depth or villus : crypt ratio were observed between the COS-groups and the control. In addition, goblet cells density in intestinal explants exposed to COS remained statistically similar to control group. Our results indicate that COS exposure in levels ranging from 0.025 to 0.15 mg/ml induced no effect on intestinal morphology of pig’s explants. The research will provide guidance on the low dosage of COS supplementation on weaning pigs.
Probability of major depression diagnostic classification using semi-structured versus fully structured diagnostic interviews
- Brooke Levis, Andrea Benedetti, Kira E. Riehm, Nazanin Saadat, Alexander W. Levis, Marleine Azar, Danielle B. Rice, Matthew J. Chiovitti, Tatiana A. Sanchez, Pim Cuijpers, Simon Gilbody, John P. A. Ioannidis, Lorie A. Kloda, Dean McMillan, Scott B. Patten, Ian Shrier, Russell J. Steele, Roy C. Ziegelstein, Dickens H. Akena, Bruce Arroll, Liat Ayalon, Hamid R. Baradaran, Murray Baron, Anna Beraldi, Charles H. Bombardier, Peter Butterworth, Gregory Carter, Marcos H. Chagas, Juliana C. N. Chan, Rushina Cholera, Neerja Chowdhary, Kerrie Clover, Yeates Conwell, Janneke M. de Man-van Ginkel, Jaime Delgadillo, Jesse R. Fann, Felix H. Fischer, Benjamin Fischler, Daniel Fung, Bizu Gelaye, Felicity Goodyear-Smith, Catherine G. Greeno, Brian J. Hall, John Hambridge, Patricia A. Harrison, Ulrich Hegerl, Leanne Hides, Stevan E. Hobfoll, Marie Hudson, Thomas Hyphantis, Masatoshi Inagaki, Khalida Ismail, Nathalie Jetté, Mohammad E. Khamseh, Kim M. Kiely, Femke Lamers, Shen-Ing Liu, Manote Lotrakul, Sonia R. Loureiro, Bernd Löwe, Laura Marsh, Anthony McGuire, Sherina Mohd Sidik, Tiago N. Munhoz, Kumiko Muramatsu, Flávia L. Osório, Vikram Patel, Brian W. Pence, Philippe Persoons, Angelo Picardi, Alasdair G. Rooney, Iná S. Santos, Juwita Shaaban, Abbey Sidebottom, Adam Simning, Lesley Stafford, Sharon Sung, Pei Lin Lynnette Tan, Alyna Turner, Christina M. van der Feltz-Cornelis, Henk C. van Weert, Paul A. Vöhringer, Jennifer White, Mary A. Whooley, Kirsty Winkley, Mitsuhiko Yamada, Yuying Zhang, Brett D. Thombs
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 212 / Issue 6 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 May 2018, pp. 377-385
- Print publication:
- June 2018
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Background
Different diagnostic interviews are used as reference standards for major depression classification in research. Semi-structured interviews involve clinical judgement, whereas fully structured interviews are completely scripted. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a brief fully structured interview, is also sometimes used. It is not known whether interview method is associated with probability of major depression classification.
AimsTo evaluate the association between interview method and odds of major depression classification, controlling for depressive symptom scores and participant characteristics.
MethodData collected for an individual participant data meta-analysis of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic accuracy were analysed and binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit.
ResultsA total of 17 158 participants (2287 with major depression) from 57 primary studies were analysed. Among fully structured interviews, odds of major depression were higher for the MINI compared with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15–3.87). Compared with semi-structured interviews, fully structured interviews (MINI excluded) were non-significantly more likely to classify participants with low-level depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≤6) as having major depression (OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 0.98–10.00), similarly likely for moderate-level symptoms (PHQ-9 scores 7–15) (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.56–1.66) and significantly less likely for high-level symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≥16) (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.26–0.97).
ConclusionsThe MINI may identify more people as depressed than the CIDI, and semi-structured and fully structured interviews may not be interchangeable methods, but these results should be replicated.
Declaration of interestDrs Jetté and Patten declare that they received a grant, outside the submitted work, from the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, which was jointly funded by the Institute and Pfizer. Pfizer was the original sponsor of the development of the PHQ-9, which is now in the public domain. Dr Chan is a steering committee member or consultant of Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Lilly, MSD and Pfizer. She has received sponsorships and honorarium for giving lectures and providing consultancy and her affiliated institution has received research grants from these companies. Dr Hegerl declares that within the past 3 years, he was an advisory board member for Lundbeck, Servier and Otsuka Pharma; a consultant for Bayer Pharma; and a speaker for Medice Arzneimittel, Novartis, and Roche Pharma, all outside the submitted work. Dr Inagaki declares that he has received grants from Novartis Pharma, lecture fees from Pfizer, Mochida, Shionogi, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Daiichi-Sankyo, Meiji Seika and Takeda, and royalties from Nippon Hyoron Sha, Nanzando, Seiwa Shoten, Igaku-shoin and Technomics, all outside of the submitted work. Dr Yamada reports personal fees from Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Seishin Shobo, Seiwa Shoten Co., Ltd., Igaku-shoin Ltd., Chugai Igakusha and Sentan Igakusha, all outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests. No funder had any role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
High intake of heterocyclic amines from meat is associated with oxidative stress
- A. M. Carvalho, A. M. Miranda, F. A. Santos, A. P. M. Loureiro, R. M. Fisberg, D. M. Marchioni
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 113 / Issue 8 / 28 April 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2015, pp. 1301-1307
- Print publication:
- 28 April 2015
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High meat intake has been related to chronic diseases such as cancer and CVD. One hypothesis is that heterocyclic amines (HCA), which are formed during the cooking process of meat, can generate reactive species. These compounds can cause oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA, resulting in oxidative stress, cell damage and loss of biological function. This association has been seen in vitro; however, it remains unclear in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between oxidative stress and HCA intake, and oxidative stress and meat intake. Data were from the Health Survey for Sao Paulo – ISA-Capital (561 adult and elderly). Food intake was estimated by one 24-h dietary recall (24HR) complemented by a detailed FFQ with preferences of cooking methods and level of doneness for meat. HCA intake was estimated linking the meat from the 24HR to a database of HCA. Oxidative stress was estimated by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the plasma, after derivatisation with thiobarbituric acid and quantification by HPLC/diode array. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regressions adjusted for smoking, sex, age, BMI, skin colour, energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity. A positive association between HCA intake and MDA concentration (OR 1·17; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·38) was observed, showing that HCA from meat may contribute to increase oxidative stress, and may consequently increase the risk of chronic diseases.
First isolation of Leptospira noguchii serogroups Panama and Autumnalis from cattle
- G. MARTINS, A. P. LOUREIRO, C. HAMOND, M. H. PINNA, S. BREMONT, P. BOURHY, W. LILENBAUM
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 143 / Issue 7 / May 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 September 2014, pp. 1538-1541
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Prevention and control of leptospirosis are based on the knowledge of locally circulating strains. Thus, efforts to obtain local isolates are paramount to the epidemiological understanding of leptospirosis. We report and discuss here the first isolation of members of serogroups Autumnalis and Panama from cattle, both belonging to Leptospira noguchii species. Urine samples (n = 167) were collected directly by puncture of the bladder from randomly selected cows from a slaughterhouse in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for bacteriological culture. Isolates were characterized by serogrouping and sequencing (rrs and secY genes). Overall, 10/167 positive urine samples (6%) were obtained. Sequencing of amplicons targeting for both rrs and secY genes identified two of them (2013_U73 and 2013_U232) as L. noguchii. Serogrouping of those strains indicated that 2013_U73 belonged to the Panama serogroup (titre 1600), and 2013_U232 to the Autumnalis serogroup (titre 12800). Both Panama and Autumnalis are known agents of incidental leptospirosis in cattle. This group of leptospires could be particularly important in tropical countries. This is the first report of members of serogroups Autumnalis and Panama belonging to L. noguchii species from cattle. Although related to previously reported strains, these isolates have been shown to be genetically diverse from them.