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Single indium atoms and few-atom indium clusters anchored onto graphene via silicon heteroatoms
- Kenan Elibol, Clemens Mangler, David D. O'Regan, Kimmo Mustonen, Dominik Eder, Jannik C. Meyer, Jani Kotakoski, Richard G. Hobbs, Peter A. van Aken, Toma Susi, Bernhard C. Bayer
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / August 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 July 2021, pp. 3346-3347
- Print publication:
- August 2021
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P03-68 - Are there effects of the type of antipsychotic medication on the subjective quality of life in patients suffering from schizophrenia?
- S. Jaeger, T. Steinert, C. Pfiffner, G. Längle, G. Eschweiler, W. Bayer, D. Croissant, P. Weiser, T. Becker, R. Kilian
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1178
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We investigated whether the type of antipsychotic treatment has an impact on patients’ subjective quality of life (QoL).
In a prospective naturalistic long-term study, 374 patients meeting ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were examined biannually over a two-year period with regards to QoL, psychopathology, social functioning, use of medical and psychosocial services, compliance, side effects and current neuroleptic treatment. QoL was assessed by the Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil (BeLP), an adaption of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. First examination took place two weeks around discharge from a psychiatric clinic. At study entry, all participants were receiving neuroleptic medication of either quetiapine, risperidone or olanzapine. Mixed regression analysis taking into account the unbalanced panel structure of the data and adjusted for selection bias by means of propensity scores were used for data analysis.
Overall quality of life improved continuously during the two years observed period regardless of the type of neuroleptic. A small, but significant difference emerged when comparing quetiapine monotherapy treatment with olanzapine monotherapy or with a combination treatment of conventional and atypical antipsychotics. QoL of patients treated with olanzapine was generally worse than that of patients treated with quetiapine but improved slightly more over the course of time. In total time and type of medication explained only small proportions of variance in QoL.
Type of neuroleptic had only marginal impact on the subjective QoL of our sample. In order to explain changes in quality of life, research on social and individual factors seems to be more promising.
PW01-217 - Gender Differences In Patients With Alcohol Dependence Cortisol Levels And Stress-Coping Styles Before And After Alcohol Withdrawal
- U. Bayer, U. Gerhard, M. Walter, G. Wiesbeck
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1624
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Female and male alcohol dependent patients present an inhomogeneous group regarding to the drinking outcome. Stress, as well as stress-coping-styles are relevant predictive factors for the progress of alcohol dependence.
MethodsSocial data, data of drinking behaviour, stress-styles and cortisol concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in 130 patients with alcohol dependence (35F and 95M) before and after inpatient treatment.
The age of onset alcohol dependence, the amount of alcohol consumption since last 3 months, the responsibility for education from children, living situation, and the practice of positive ore negative stress coping styles were investigated.
ResultsFemale alcohol dependent patients show a significant higher age of onset for alcohol dependence (p=0.02) and have a significant lower consumption of alcohol in relation to male alcohol dependent patients (p=0.004).
Moreover, female alcohol dependent patients are significant more frequent involved in education of children (p=0.04), and are living significant less alone (p=0.023).
The cortisol levels in plasma and CSF between female and male alcohol dependent patients does not differ. However, female alcoholics show a significant higher score of negative stress-coping styles than male alcoholics (p= 0.023).
ConclusionThere are significant psychosocial differences between female and male alcohol dependent patients. These gender specific differences relating to social stressors and handling with stress may be clinical relevant for treatment and outcome in alcohol-dependent patients.
PW01-186 - Effects Of Longterm Treatment With Atypical Neuroleptics For Patients With Schizophrenia (Elan): Medication Use, Adherence, Functional Impairment, Quality Of Life
- G. Laengle, W. Bayer, G. Eschweiler, S. Jäger, C. Pfiffner, P. Weiser, D. Croissant, R. Kilian, T. Becker, T. Steinert
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1593
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Objectives
Collecting prospective data on medication adherence, course of illness, course of treatment, cost effectiveness and quality of life among patients with schizophrenia under the German health system.
MethodsThe ELAN study was conducted as a multi-centre, non-interventional observation study. 374 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (ICD-10 F2) who had been discharged with a medication of quetiapine (N=183), olanzapine (N=91) or risperidone (N=100) were included. Follow-up interviews were conducted after 6,12,18 and 24 months. Applied instruments comprised PANSS, MARS-S, EPS-M, AIMS-S, GAF, ZST and a questionnaire for quality of life.
ResultsFor each follow-up, at least 80% of the original sample could be included. After two years, between 39% and 43% of patients continued to take the drug prescribed at discharge. Only between 4% and 7% of patients received no neuroleptic treatment in the last 6 months, respectively. The variety of drugs used increased during the course. Only small differences could be found regarding the defined outcome measures (PANSS, GAF, rehospitalisation rate) and side effects. Changes in medication were mostly due to insufficient efficacy or side effects. Doctor's recommendations had an important influence on patients’ decisions.
ConclusionsUnder conditions of routine treatment, medication adherence was much greater and differences between drugs were smaller than reported in randomised controlled clinical trials. Taking into account the low sample selection bias and the small percentage of lost-to-follow-up subjects, this study provides some new insight into routine clinical treatment and outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.
A Multi-Centre Pragmatic Trial of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment
- R. Kilian, T. Steinert, P. Weiser, W. Bayer, S. Jaeger, C. Pfiffner, K. Frasch, G. Eschweiler, T. Messer, D. Croissant, T. Becker, G. Längle
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 2203
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The ELAN study is a prospective multi centre observational trial on the effectiveness and safety of long-term antipsychotic treatment of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders with quetiapine in comparison to olanzapine and risperidone under real world treatment conditions.
374 adult persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder prescribed antipsychotic maintenance therapy with quetiapine, olanzapine or risperidone were included at discharge from inpatient treatment. Psychotropic regimen, psychopathological symptoms, general and cognitive functioning, negative side-effects and quality of life were assessed before discharge and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 month follow-up assessments. Intention-to-treat analyses and crossover analyses were conducted by mixed-effects regression models including random linear time effects and time x treatment effects, controlling for baseline differences and additional psychotropic medication and using propensity scores to control for selection bias.
As indicated by significant linear time effects the patients improved with regard to psychopathological symptoms, general functioning, subjective quality of life and cognitive processing speed. No change of extrapyramidal motor side-effects, body mass index or waist circumference was obtained. The lack of any significant time x treatment interaction effects indicated no differences in the safety or effectiveness between the three antipsychotics. Nevertheless, the average hospital admission rate of patients receiving olanzapine was lower in comparison to patients receiving quetiapine or risperidone.
Carbohydrate-rich supplements can improve nitrogen use efficiency and mitigate nitrogenous gas emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing temperate grass
- J. G. R. Almeida, A. C. Dall-Orsoletta, M. M. Oziemblowski, G. M. Michelon, C. Bayer, N. Edouard, H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho
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Temperate pasture species constitute a source of protein for dairy cattle. On the other hand, from an environmental perspective, their high N content can increase N excretion and nitrogenous gas emissions by livestock. This work explores the effect of energy supplementation on N use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogenous gas emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing a pasture of oat and ryegrass. The study was divided into two experiments: an evaluation of NUE in grazing dairy cows, and an evaluation of N-NH3 and N-N2O volatilizations from dairy cow excreta. In the first experiment, 12 lactating Holstein × Jersey F1 cows were allocated to a double 3 × 3 Latin square (three experimental periods of 17 days each) and subjected to three treatments: cows without supplementation (WS), cows supplemented at 4.2 kg DM of corn silage (CS) per day, and cows supplemented at 3.6 kg DM of ground corn (GC) per day. In the second experiment, samples of excreta were collected from the cows distributed among the treatments. Aliquots of dung and urine of each treatment plus one blank (control – no excreta) were allotted to a randomized block design to evaluate N-NH3 and N-N2O volatilization. Measurements were performed until day 25 for N-NH3 and until day 94 for N-N2O. Dietary N content in the supplemented cows was reduced by 20% (P < 0.001) compared with WS cows, regardless of the supplement. Corn silage cows had lower N intake (P < 0.001) than WS and GC cows (366 v. 426 g/day, respectively). Ground corn supplementation allowed cows to partition more N towards milk protein compared with the average milk protein of WS cows or those supplemented with corn silage (117 v. 108 g/day, respectively; P < 0.01). Thus, even though they were in different forms, both supplements were able to increase (P < 0.01) NUE from 27% in WS cows to 32% in supplemented cows. Supplementation was also effective in reducing N excretion (761 v. 694 g/kg of Nintake; P < 0.001), N-NH3 emission (478 v. 374 g/kg of Nmilk; P < 0.01) and N-N2O emission (11 v. 8 g/kg of Nmilk; P < 0.001). Corn silage and ground corn can be strategically used as feed supplements to improve NUE, and they have the potential to mitigate N-NH3 and N-N2O emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing high-protein pastures.
Reactions of ammonium sulphates with kaolinite and other silicate and oxide minerals
- G. Bayer, G. Kahr, M. Mueller-Vonmoos
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- Journal:
- Clay Minerals / Volume 17 / Issue 3 / September 1982
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 July 2018, pp. 271-283
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Interactions of ammonium sulphates and various silicate and oxide minerals have been studied by X-ray heating methods and simultaneous TG-DTA. Kaolinite and other clay minerals were found to be very susceptible to these sulphating treatments, (NH4)3Al(SO4)3, (NH4)Al(SO4)2 and Al2(SO4)3 being formed successively with increasing temperature from 350 to ∼550°C. The same reaction products were obtained on heating mixtures of (NH4)2SO4 and γ-Al2O3, Al(OH)3 and bauxite. Fe-, Mg- and Ti-silicates and oxides gave NH4-double sulphates below 400°C and the corresponding metal sulphates above this temperature.
Herbage intake, methane emissions and animal performance of steers grazing dwarf elephant grass v. dwarf elephant grass and peanut pastures
- E. A. Andrade, E. X. Almeida, G. T. Raupp, M. F. Miguel, D. M. de Liz, P. C. F. Carvalho, C. Bayer, H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho
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Management strategies for increasing ruminant legume consumption and mitigating methane emissions from tropical livestock production systems require further study. The aim of this work was to evaluate the herbage intake, animal performance and enteric methane emissions of cattle grazing dwarf elephant grass (DEG) (Pennisetum purpureum cv. BRS Kurumi) alone or DEG with peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). The experimental treatments were the following: DEG pastures receiving nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N/ha as ammonium nitrate) and DEG intercropped with peanut plus an adjacent area of peanut that was accessible to grazing animals for 5 h/day (from 0700 to 1200 h). The animals grazing legume pastures showed greater average daily gain and herbage intake, and shorter morning and total grazing times. Daily methane emissions were greater from the animals grazing legume pastures, whereas methane emissions per unit of herbage intake did not differ between treatments. Allowing animals access to an exclusive area of legumes in a tropical grass-pasture-based system can improve animal performance without increasing methane production per kg of dry matter intake.
Chapter 9 - Case Studies
- from Section III
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- By Virginia Murray, Gordon McBean, Mihir Bhatt, Sergey Borsch, Tae Sung Cheong, Wadid Fawzy Erian, Silvia Llosa, Farrokh Nadim, Mario Nunez, Ravsal Oyun, Avelino G. Suarez, John Hay, Mai Trong Nhuan, Jose Moreno, Peter Berry, Harriet Caldin, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Catriona Carmichael, Anita Cooper, Cherif Diop, Justin Ginnetti, Delphine Grynzspan, Clare Heaviside, Jeremy Hess, James Kossin, Paul Kovacs, Sari Kovats, Irene Kreis, Reza Lahidji, Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer, Felipe Lucio, Simon Mason, Sabrina McCormick, Reinhard Mechler, Bettina Menne, Soojeong Myeong, Arona Ngari, Neville Nicholls, Ursula Oswald Spring, Pascal Peduzzi, Rosa Perez, Caroline Rodgers, Hannah Rowlatt, Sohel Saikat, Sonia Seneviratne, Addis Taye, Richard Thornton, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Koko Warner, Irina Zodrow
- Edited by Christopher B. Field, Vicente Barros, Thomas F. Stocker, Qin Dahe
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- Book:
- Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 28 May 2012, pp 487-542
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Summary
Executive Summary
Case studies contribute more focused analyses which, in the context of human loss and damage, demonstrate the effectiveness of response strategies and prevention measures and identify lessons about success in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The case studies were chosen to complement and be consistent with the information in the preceding chapters, and to demonstrate aspects of the key messages in the Summary for Policymakers and the Hyogo Framework for Action Priorities.
The case studies were grouped to examine types of extreme events, vulnerable regions, and methodological approaches. For the extreme event examples, the first two case studies pertain to events of extreme temperature with moisture deficiencies in Europe and Australia and their impacts including on health. These are followed by case studies on drought in Syria and dzud, cold-dry conditions in Mongolia. Tropical cyclones in Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Mesoamerica, and then floods in Mozambique are discussed in the context of community actions. The last of the extreme events case studies is about disastrous epidemic disease, using the case of cholera in Zimbabwe, as the example.
The case studies chosen to reflect vulnerable regions demonstrate how a changing climate provides significant concerns for people, societies, and their infrastructure. These are: Mumbai as an example of a coastal megacity; the Republic of the Marshall Islands, as an example of small island developing states with special challenges for adaptation; and Canada's northern regions as an example of cold climate vulnerabilities focusing on infrastructures.
(A288) World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe All-Hazard Hospital Emergency Preparedness Checklist
- B. Sorensen, C.P. Bayer, R. Zane, B. Wante, G. Rockenschaub
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 26 / Issue S1 / May 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2011, p. s80
- Print publication:
- May 2011
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Objectives
Hospitals play a critical role in communities to provide essential medical care during all types of disaster. Depending on their scope and nature, disasters can lead to rapidly increasing service demand that can overwhelm the functional capacity and safety of hospitals and the health care system at large. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe All-Hazard Hospital Emergency Preparedness Checklist aims to assist hospital administrators and disaster managers in preparing health facilities to respond effectively to the most likely disaster scenarios.
MethodsA checklist tool was developed that comprises current hospital-based emergency management principles and techniques, and integrates applications specific to hospital preparedness needs in the WHO European Region.
ResultsA list of recommended actions within critical service categories is provided in a step-wise, all-hazard form for rapid implementation by hospital administrators and disaster managers in response to the most likely types of disaster.
ConclusionsThe principles and recommendations provided in this tool may be used by hospitals at any level of emergency preparedness. The checklist is not intended to replace standards and protocols already defined in hospital emergency management plans. Rather, it provides recommendations to enhance existing plans in concert with national guidelines.
(A287) Who Regional Office for Europe - Health Systems Crisis Preparedness Assessment Tool
- C.P. Bayer, G. Rockenschaub
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 26 / Issue S1 / May 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2011, p. s80
- Print publication:
- May 2011
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WHO Regional Office for Europe - Health Systems Crisis Preparedness Assessment Tool Bayer CP, Rockenschaub G.
ObjectivesHealth crises are often unpredictable and may occur at any place or time. Communities are particularly vulnerable when local and national systems, specifically health systems, are unable to cope with the consequences of a crisis, usually because they are overwhelmed by a sudden increase in demand or because the institutions that underpin them are fragile and cannot deliver what is required. The World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Health System Crisis Preparedness Assessment Tool aims to provide guidance to ministries of health and other relevant authorities on evaluation and strengthening of their health system's capacities for crisis management.
MethodsBased on an all hazard approach, an assessment tool was developed which comprises essential attributes considered vital for countries to meet the challenges of future health crises. The foundation of the tool derived from expert consultation workshops and pilot testing in eight countries in the WHO European Region.
ResultsThe tool lists essential attributes with respective indicators crucial for evaluating and identifying gaps in health system crisis preparedness. The assessment tool is structured according to the six building blocks of the WHO health system framework and is complemented by a user manual, allowing countries to apply a self–assessment approach. The tool is intended for use by ministries of health or other relevant institutions.
ConclusionsThe tool may help determine the current status of health system crisis preparedness and facilitate the development of a prioritized plan of action that addresses any gaps identified. When used regularly the tool will help monitor progress.
Trypanosomatids are common and diverse parasites of Drosophila
- L. WILFERT, B. LONGDON, A. G. A. FERREIRA, F. BAYER, F. M. JIGGINS
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 138 / Issue 7 / June 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 April 2011, pp. 858-865
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Drosophila melanogaster is an important model system of immunity and parasite resistance, yet most studies use parasites that do not naturally infect this organism. We have studied trypanosomatids in natural populations to assess the prevalence and diversity of these gut parasites. We collected several species of Drosophila from Europe and surveyed them for trypanosomatids using conserved primers for two genes. We have used the conserved GAPDH sequence to construct a phylogenetic tree and the highly variable spliced leader RNA to assay genetic diversity. All 5 of the species that we examined were infected, and the average prevalence ranged from 1 to 6%. There are several different groups of trypanosomatids, related to other monoxenous Trypanosomatidae. These may represent new trypanosomatid species and were found in different species of European Drosophila from different geographical locations. The detection of a little studied natural pathogen in D. melanogaster and related species provides new opportunities for research into both the Drosophila immune response and the evolution of hosts and parasites.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Radiochemistry measurements on the Phebus laser
- D. Schirmann, C. Bayer, J. P. Garçonnet, D. Juraszek, A. Bertin, G. Grenier
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 10 / Issue 4 / December 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2009, pp. 585-597
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We are developing neutron diagnostics to characterize the implosions performed with the Phebus laser, operating at 5 kJ blue light delivered in 1·3 ns. For measuring the glass pusher areal density, (ρΔR), of the target, a silicon radiochemistry diagnostic has been implemented and is currently being used. We describe the diagnostic and its performance. Pusher areal density measurements, (ρΔR) and calculated values of fuel density are given. Deuterium (D)-tritium (T) final densities as high as 100 × D-T liquid density (20 g/cm3) have been achieved.
Progress in inertial confinement fusion physics at Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton
- M. André, D. Babonneau, C. Bayer, M. Bernard, J-L. Bocher, J. Bruneau, A. Coudeville, J. Coutant, R. Dautray, A. Decoster, M. Decroisette, D. Desenne, J-M. Dufour, J-P. Garçonnet, P-A. Holstein, J-P. Jadaud, A. Jolas, D. Juraszek, J. Lachkar, P. Lascaux, J-P. Le Breton, M. Louis-Jacquet, B. Meyer, F. Mucchielli, C. Rousseaux, D. Schirmann, G. Schurtz, D. Véron, J-P. Watteau
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 12 / Issue 3 / September 1994
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- 09 March 2009, pp. 329-342
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The laser program developed at the Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton, Saint-Georges, France (CEL-V) is concentrated on a systematic investigation of indirect drive fusion; by comparison with direct drive, this process is expected to provide the required irradiation uniformity with relaxed constraints on laser beam quality. The main concerns are radiative transfer and preheat, hydrodynamic instabilities, and high-density X-ray driven implosions. Ablative implosion experiments have been conducted with the two beams at the Phebus facility (5 kJ, 1.3 ns, 0.35 μm). Symmetry was proved to be controlled by the casing structure, following scaling laws describing hohlraum physics. A compressed DT density ∼100 ρ0 (ρ0 liquid DT density) has been deduced from activation measurements. Different aspects of the soft X-ray transfer processes, and particularly of the ablation of a low-Z material, which drives the capsule implosion, are dealt with in detailed investigations. Reported here are results on X-ray reemission and penetration in several materials, and on induced hydrodynamics of accelerated foils. The laser energy required to reach fuel ignition conditions has been evaluated from numerical simulations as well as from analytical models, taking into account hohlraum physics, capsule implosion, hot spot formation, and burn propagation. Several crucial parameters have been drawn, the most important being the radiation temperature. A target gain in the order of 10 appears achievable with a 2-MJ laser.
ICF-related experiments at CEL-V
- M. Andre, C. Bayer, D. Babonneau, M. Bernard, J. L. Bocher, J. Bruneau, A. Coudeville, J. Coutant, R. Dautray, A. Decoster, M. Decroisette, D. Desenne, B. Duborgel, J. M. Dufour, J. P. Jadaud, D. Juraszek, J. P. Garçonnet, P. A. Holstein, J. Lachkar, M. Louis-Jacquet, F. Mucchielli, B. Meyer, J. P. Lebreton, J. Ouvry, D. Schirmann, G. Schurtz, D. Véron, J. P. Watteau
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 10 / Issue 4 / December 1992
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- 09 March 2009, pp. 557-571
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Implosion experiments performed at Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton in the indirect drive scheme using the two-beams Nd:glass laser facility Phebus at the energy level = 6 kJ (blue light) are presented. A final density of compressed DT close to 100 ρ0 has been obtained; it has been deduced from radiochemistry of the activated silicon atoms in the pusher. The best irradiance uniformity on the microballoon was evaluated to = 15% rms. Phebus has also been equipped with an optical fiber oscillator to study the effect of a smoothing technique on coupling processes: It appeared that at 0·53 μm absorption efficiency is increased by =15–20%. With the eight-beams Octal laser, hydrodynamic instabilities development in accelerated planar targets has been investigated both for direct and indirect drives; the mixing zone detected at the light-heavy interface does not present visible bubble-and-spike like structures and is less developed in the indirect configuration. Atomic physics in laser plasmas is also deeply studied; a particular effort has been made on absorption spectroscopy, a powerful diagnostic of ionization dynamics in cold and dense plasmas. Experiments have been realized either in multilayered targets or using rear-side X-ray emission of thin Au foils to heat the samples. To reach fuel ignition conditions, more powerful lasers, in the range of megajoule, will be needed. Their design needs further technological developments to reduce the capital cost in $/W. At Limeil, we work mainly on high-damage threshold optical coatings, using the sol-gel process, high-quality, low-cost mirror fabrication, using the replica technics, and incoherent laser pulse generation for beam smoothing.
X-ray emission by the rear side of laser-irradiated gold targets
- D. Babonneau, J. L. Bocher, C. Bayer, A. Decoster, D. Juraszek, J. P. Perrine, G. Thiell
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / June 1991
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- 09 March 2009, pp. 527-540
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We present results of X-ray emission by the rear side of gold thin targets irradiated by the Phebus laser at λ = 0.35 μm, τ = 0.7 and 1.3 ns, and EL = 1.5 kJ. A streak camera coupled with a transmission grating gave the time-resolved X-ray emission of the rear side. Also, a streak camera coupled with a slit allowed us to obtain information about the space and time evolution of the plasma. Some other diagnostics gave information about the energy balance and the X-ray conversion efficiency. The results are in good agreement with previous ones obtained with the Octal laser, particularly on optimum thicknesses for X-ray conversion efficiencies. Values of the thermal flux limiter are deduced. Simulations with FCI 1 code with multigroup radiative transfer and non-LTE ionization reproduce the experimental results only about some points. A number of reasons, such as 2-D effects and problems of opacity, are invoked.
The Diatoms: applications for the environmental and earth sciences. Edited by Eugene F. Stoermer & John P. Smol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1999. 469pp. ISBN 0 521 58281 4. £70.00 (hardback).
- M. M. BAYER, D. G. MANN
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- Edinburgh Journal of Botany / Volume 57 / Issue 1 / March 2000
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- 04 December 2000, pp. 141-150
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- March 2000
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Events in the Historical Development of Weights and Money
- H.G. Wiedemann, G. Bayer
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 185 / 1990
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- 28 February 2011, 741
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- 1990
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The characteristic features and importance of weights and money in different cultures will be illustrated with examples from ancient Egypt, Babylon, Israel and China. In most of these cultures there was a gradual change of the names of weights to the names of money. The weight stones and figures were calibrated with seeds of barley or wheat in the Mediterranean and seeds of millet or rice in China.
The weight of such seeds is rather constant and varies little under different climatic conditions as could be proved from our own investigations. Later these granular weight units were replaced by solid weight standards (e.g. stones or figures) which again were calibrated with counted seeds.
Different materials were used such as basalt, agate, bronze, lead, silver and gold. The metallic weights gradually developed into coins and were used sometimes as weight and as money like the silver Shekel. Chemical analysis with EDAX and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out on some of these ancient materials. The use of this combination of methods also allowed to distinguish between genuine, original materials and imitations.
Thermoanalytical Investigations on Terracotta Warriors of the Qin Dynasty
- Hans G. Wiedemann, Andreas Boller, Gerhard Bayer
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 123 / 1988
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- 22 February 2011, 129
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- 1988
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Ancient Chinese ceramics is usually related or equated with the terms pottery and porcelain. In fact the manufacture of porcelain in ancient China is one of the most important chapters in the history of ceramics. Porcelain products were developed gradually from stoneware over a time span of nearly a thousand years. The typical white and translucent porcelain that we know as China was probably first made in the ninth century.