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TwinsMX: Exploring the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Health Traits in the Mexican Population
- Brisa García-Vilchis, Talia V. Román-López, Diego Ramírez-González, Xanat J. López-Camaño, Vanessa Murillo-Lechuga, Xóchitl Díaz-Téllez, C. Itzamná Sánchez-Moncada, Ian M. Espinosa-Méndez, Diego Zenteno-Morales, Zaida X. Espinosa-Valdes, Sofia Pradel-Jiménez, Andrea Tapia-Atilano, Ana V. Zanabria-Pérez, Federica Livas-Gangas, Oscar Aldana-Assad, Ulises Caballero-Sánchez, César A. Dominguez-Frausto, Miguel E. Rentería, Alejandra Medina-Rivera, Sarael Alcauter, Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 May 2024, pp. 85-96
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TwinsMX registry is a national research initiative in Mexico that aims to understand the complex interplay between genetics and environment in shaping physical and mental health traits among the country’s population. With a multidisciplinary approach, TwinsMX aims to advance our knowledge of the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying ethnic variations in complex traits and diseases, including behavioral, psychometric, anthropometric, metabolic, cardiovascular and mental disorders. With information gathered from over 2800 twins, this article updates the prevalence of several complex traits; and describes the advances and novel ideas we have implemented such as magnetic resonance imaging. The future expansion of the TwinsMX registry will enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in shaping health and disease in the Mexican population. Overall, this report describes the progress in the building of a solid database that will allow the study of complex traits in the Mexican population, valuable not only for our consortium, but also for the worldwide scientific community, by providing new insights of understudied genetically admixed populations.
Mineral-Content and Particle-Size Effects on the Colloidal Properties of Concentrated Lateritic Suspensions
- A. Cerpa, M. T. García-González, P. Tartaj, J. Requena, L. Garcell, C. J. Serna
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 47 / Issue 4 / August 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 515-521
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The rheological behavior of concentrated lateritic suspensions from Cuba is affected by mineral composition and particle size. Electrophoretic mobility and yield stress were considered. The lateritic samples were found to be mostly composed of mixtures of serepentine and goethite in varying proportions. The flow properties of the lateritic suspensions are strongly affected by the mineral composition and particle size. This result was determined by comparison of flow properties of the bulk sample and the colloidal fraction. The electrokinetic curves suggest that heterocoagulation is present in all samples, with a zeta potential minimum at the isoelectric point (IEP), which varies with the serpentine to goethite ratio. A relationship between yield stress (τ0) and the sample volume fraction (ϕ) and particle size (d) was obtained at the IEP from the expression τ0 = kϕ3/d0.5, with the constant k dependent on the sample serpentine to goethite ratio.
Zeolites in Pyroclastic Deposits in Southeastern Tenerife (Canary Islands)
- J. E. Garcia Hernandez, J. S. Notario del Pino, M. M. Gonzalez Martin, F. Hernan Reguera, J. A. Rodriguez Losada
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 41 / Issue 5 / October 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 521-526
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The chemical and the mineralogical composition of a group of pumiceous tuffs associated with recent salic volcanic episodes from Tenerife (Canary Islands) have been studied. The investigation focused on the two main types of pyroclastic deposits of the zone: ash-flows and ash-falls. The samples can be classified chemically as trachytic and phonolitic rocks with an intermediate silica content and a high percentage of alkali cations (Na+ and K+). The mineralogical composition, determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy, shows the occurrence of zeolites (mainly phillipsite, with lesser chabazite and analcime), associated with the parent glass. K-feldspar (sanidine) and calcite are accessory minerals. Zeolites are significantly more abundant in the ash-flow deposits. Zeolite formation by hydrothermal weathering in closed-system conditions varies according to the nature and the origin of the pyroclastic deposits. Tenerife phillipsites differ from typical diagenetic, lacustrine, and deep-sea phillipsites, both in chemical and mineralogical features. Alkali cations exceed divalent cations in the unit-cell that, assuming a monoclinic symmetry, has the following parameters: a = 8.46–10.55 Å, b = 14.21–14.40 Å, c = 7.80–8.70 Å, and β = 105°–110°.
Somatic multicomorbidity and disability in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population: a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries (COMET-G study)
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Grigorios N. Karakatsoulis, Seri Abraham, Kristina Adorjan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Renato D. Alarcón, Kiyomi Arai, Sani Salihu Auwal, Michael Berk, Sarah Bjedov, Julio Bobes, Teresa Bobes-Bascaran, Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay, Cristina Ana Bredicean, Laurynas Bukelskis, Akaki Burkadze, Indira Indiana Cabrera Abud, Ruby Castilla-Puentes, Marcelo Cetkovich, Hector Colon-Rivera, Ricardo Corral, Carla Cortez-Vergara, Piirika Crepin, Domenico De Berardis, Sergio Zamora Delgado, David De Lucena, Avinash De Sousa, Ramona Di Stefano, Seetal Dodd, Livia Priyanka Elek, Anna Elissa, Berta Erdelyi-Hamza, Gamze Erzin, Martin J. Etchevers, Peter Falkai, Adriana Farcas, Ilya Fedotov, Viktoriia Filatova, Nikolaos K. Fountoulakis, Iryna Frankova, Francesco Franza, Pedro Frias, Tatiana Galako, Cristian J. Garay, Leticia Garcia-Álvarez, Maria Paz García-Portilla, Xenia Gonda, Tomasz M. Gondek, Daniela Morera González, Hilary Gould, Paolo Grandinetti, Arturo Grau, Violeta Groudeva, Michal Hagin, Takayuki Harada, Tasdik M. Hasan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Jan Hilbig, Sahadat Hossain, Rossitza Iakimova, Mona Ibrahim, Felicia Iftene, Yulia Ignatenko, Matias Irarrazaval, Zaliha Ismail, Jamila Ismayilova, Asaf Jakobs, Miro Jakovljević, Nenad Jakšić, Afzal Javed, Helin Yilmaz Kafali, Sagar Karia, Olga Kazakova, Doaa Khalifa, Olena Khaustova, Steve Koh, Svetlana Kopishinskaia, Korneliia Kosenko, Sotirios A. Koupidis, Illes Kovacs, Barbara Kulig, Alisha Lalljee, Justine Liewig, Abdul Majid, Evgeniia Malashonkova, Khamelia Malik, Najma Iqbal Malik, Gulay Mammadzada, Bilvesh Mandalia, Donatella Marazziti, Darko Marčinko, Stephanie Martinez, Eimantas Matiekus, Gabriela Mejia, Roha Saeed Memon, Xarah Elenne Meza Martínez, Dalia Mickevičiūtė, Roumen Milev, Muftau Mohammed, Alejandro Molina-López, Petr Morozov, Nuru Suleiman Muhammad, Filip Mustač, Mika S. Naor, Amira Nassieb, Alvydas Navickas, Tarek Okasha, Milena Pandova, Anca-Livia Panfil, Liliya Panteleeva, Ion Papava, Mikaella E. Patsali, Alexey Pavlichenko, Bojana Pejuskovic, Mariana Pinto Da Costa, Mikhail Popkov, Dina Popovic, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Francisca Vargas Ramírez, Elmars Rancans, Salmi Razali, Federico Rebok, Anna Rewekant, Elena Ninoska Reyes Flores, María Teresa Rivera-Encinas, Pilar Saiz, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, David Saucedo Martínez, Jo Anne Saw, Görkem Saygili, Patricia Schneidereit, Bhumika Shah, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ketevan Silagadze, Satti Sitanggang, Oleg Skugarevsky, Anna Spikina, Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa, Maria Stoyanova, Anna Szczegielniak, Simona Claudia Tamasan, Giuseppe Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria Tavormina, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Mauricio Tohen, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Dina Tukhvatullina, Irfan Ullah, Ratnaraj Vaidya, Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier, Jelena Vrublevska, Olivera Vukovic, Olga Vysotska, Natalia Widiasih, Anna Yashikhina, Panagiotis E. Prezerakos, Daria Smirnova
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 January 2024, pp. 126-149
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Background
The prevalence of medical illnesses is high among patients with psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to investigate multi-comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population. Secondary aims were to investigate factors associated with metabolic syndrome and treatment appropriateness of mental disorders.
MethodsThe sample included 54,826 subjects (64.73% females; 34.15% males; 1.11% nonbinary gender) from 40 countries (COMET-G study). The analysis was based on the registration of previous history that could serve as a fair approximation for the lifetime prevalence of various medical conditions.
ResultsAbout 24.5% reported a history of somatic and 26.14% of mental disorders. Mental disorders were by far the most prevalent group of medical conditions. Comorbidity of any somatic with any mental disorder was reported by 8.21%. One-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients were also suffering from a mental disorder depending on the severity and multicomorbidity. Bipolar and psychotic patients and to a lesser extent depressives, manifested an earlier (15–20 years) manifestation of somatic multicomorbidity, severe disability, and probably earlier death. The overwhelming majority of patients with mental disorders were not receiving treatment or were being treated in a way that was not recommended. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were not related to the development of metabolic syndrome.
ConclusionsThe finding that one-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients also suffered from a mental disorder strongly suggests that psychiatry is the field with the most trans-specialty and interdisciplinary value and application points to the importance of teaching psychiatry and mental health in medical schools and also to the need for more technocratically oriented training of psychiatric residents.
Nitrate removal by calcined hydrotalcite-type compounds
- María M. Socías-Viciana, María D. Ureña-Amate, Emilio González-Pradas, María J. García-Cortés, Cristina López-Teruel
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 56 / Issue 1 / February 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 2-9
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The sorption of nitrate ions on calcined hydrotalcite-type compounds at 550°C (HT550), 650°C (HT650), and 850°C (HT850) from pure water solution at 25°C has been studied. The influence of the temperature was also investigated for the sample calcined at 850°C by studying the sorption process at 10 and 40°C. The experimental sorption data points were fitted to the Langmuir equation in order to calculate the sorption capacities (Xm) of the samples; Xm values range from 61.7 g kg−1 (HT550 at 25°C) to 147.0 g kg−1 (HT850 at 40°C). The values for the removal efficiency (R) obtained ranged from 70.5% for HT550 at 25°C to 99.5% for HT850 at 40°C. The sorption experiments showed that the greater the calcination temperature (850°C), the more effective the removal of nitrate. The increase in the temperature from 10 to 40°C for sample HT850 also tends to increase the sorption of nitrate from 63.3 g kg−1 to 147 g kg−1 and the corresponding removal efficiency from 71.5 to 99.5%.
Influence of Silicate- and Magnesium-Specific Adsorption and Particle Shape on the Rheological Behavior of Mixed Serpentine-Goethite Suspensions
- P. Tartaj, A. Cerpa, M. T. García-González, C. J. Serna
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 50 / Issue 3 / June 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 342-347
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The influence of dissolved species and particle morphology on the electrokinetic behavior and the initial yield stress values of Cuban lateritic aqueous suspensions was studied. The lateritic samples were mixtures of serpentine and goethite in different relative proportions. The addition of silicate and Mg ionic species, which are normally found in natural waters used in industrial processes, affected the electrokinetic and flow behavior of the lateritic suspensions. Specific adsorption of these species on particle surfaces was shown by a shift of the isoelectric point and the maximum of the initial yield stress to more acidic pH (Si ionic species adsorption) and more basic pH (Mg ionic species adsorption), when compared to suspensions containing only non-adsorbing electrolytes. The initial yield-stress values determined in samples consisting entirely of goethite varied from sample to sample. A detailed crystallochemical characterization revealed that these changes were associated with the axial ratio (i.e. ratio of particle length to width) of the mineral particles. Goethite samples with larger particle size (smaller number of particles for a given solid concentration) and greater axial ratios presented initial yield-stress values greater than those goethites with smaller particle size and lower axial ratio.
Difficulties during delivery, brain ventricle enlargement and cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis
- Ana Costas-Carrera, Norma Verdolini, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Gisela Mezquida, Joost Janssen, Isabel Valli, Iluminada Corripio, Ana M. Sanchez-Torres, Miquel Bioque, Antonio Lobo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Marta Rapado-Castro, Eduard Vieta, Helena De la Serna, Anna Mane, Alexandra Roldan, Nicolas Crossley, Rafael Penades, Manuel J. Cuesta, Mara Parellada, Miquel Bernardo, PEPs group
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 7 / May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 November 2023, pp. 1339-1349
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Background
Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) display clinical, cognitive, and structural brain abnormalities at illness onset. Ventricular enlargement has been identified in schizophrenia since the initial development of neuroimaging techniques. Obstetric abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis but also with cognitive impairment and brain structure abnormalities. Difficulties during delivery are associated with a higher risk of birth asphyxia leading to brain structural abnormalities, such as ventriculomegaly, which has been related to cognitive disturbances.
MethodsWe examined differences in ventricular size between 142 FEP patients and 123 healthy control participants using magnetic resonance imaging. Obstetric complications were evaluated using the Lewis–Murray scale. We examined the impact of obstetric difficulties during delivery on ventricle size as well as the possible relationship between ventricle size and cognitive impairment in both groups.
ResultsFEP patients displayed significantly larger third ventricle size compared with healthy controls. Third ventricle enlargement was associated with diagnosis (higher volume in patients), with difficulties during delivery (higher volume in subjects with difficulties), and was highest in patients with difficulties during delivery. Verbal memory was significantly associated with third ventricle to brain ratio.
ConclusionsOur results suggest that difficulties during delivery might be significant contributors to the ventricular enlargement historically described in schizophrenia. Thus, obstetric complications may contribute to the development of psychosis through changes in brain architecture.
Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with long-term depressive symptoms in Spanish older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome
- Sangeetha Shyam, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Indira Paz-Graniel, José J. Gaforio, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, J. Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, J. Luís Serra-Majem, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A. Tur, Vicente Martín Sánchez, Xavier Pintó, María Ortiz Ramos, Josep Vidal, Maria Mar Alcarria, Lidia Daimiel, Emilio Ros, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Stephanie K. Nishi, Oscar García Regata, Estefania Toledo, Jose V. Sorli, Olga Castañer, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Rafael Valls-Enguix, Napoleon Perez-Farinos, M. Angeles Zulet, Elena Rayó-Gago, Rosa Casas, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Miguel Damas-Fuentes, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Rebeca Fernández-Carrion, Albert Goday, Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela, Laura Compañ-Gabucio, Javier Diez-Espino, Susanna Tello, Ana González-Pinto, Víctor de la O, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Nancy Babio, Jordi Salas-Salvadó
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 3 / February 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2023, pp. 620-630
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Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has serious physiological and psychological consequences. The long-term (>12 weeks post-infection) impact of COVID-19 on mental health, specifically in older adults, is unclear. We longitudinally assessed the association of COVID-19 with depression symptomatology in community-dwelling older adults with metabolic syndrome within the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.
MethodsParticipants (n = 5486) aged 55–75 years were included in this longitudinal cohort. COVID-19 status (positive/negative) determined by tests (e.g. polymerase chain reaction severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, IgG) was confirmed via event adjudication (410 cases). Pre- and post-COVID-19 depressive symptomatology was ascertained from annual assessments conducted using a validated 21-item Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the association between COVID-19 and depression symptomatology.
ResultsCOVID-19 in older adults was associated with higher post-COVID-19 BDI-II scores measured at a median (interquartile range) of 29 (15–40) weeks post-infection [fully adjusted β = 0.65 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–1.15; p = 0.011]. This association was particularly prominent in women (β = 1.38 points, 95% CI 0.44–2.33, p = 0.004). COVID-19 was associated with 62% increased odds of elevated depression risk (BDI-II ≥ 14) post-COVID-19 when adjusted for confounders (odds ratio; 95% CI 1.13–2.30, p = 0.008).
ConclusionsCOVID-19 was associated with long-term depression risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, particularly in women. Thus, long-term evaluations of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and preventive public health initiatives are warranted in older adults.
Resilient functioning is associated with altered structural brain network topology in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity
- Nadia González-García, Elizabeth E.L. Buimer, Laura Moreno-López, Samantha N. Sallie, František Váša, Sol Lim, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Maximilian Scheuplein, Kirstie J. Whitaker, Peter B. Jones, Raymond J. Dolan, NSPN consortium, Peter Fonagy, Ian Goodyer, Edward T. Bullmore, Anne-Laura van Harmelen
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 35 / Issue 5 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 July 2023, pp. 2253-2263
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Childhood adversity is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent mental illness. Therefore, it is critical that the mechanisms that aid resilient functioning in individuals exposed to childhood adversity are better understood. Here, we examined whether resilient functioning was related to structural brain network topology. We quantified resilient functioning at the individual level as psychosocial functioning adjusted for the severity of childhood adversity in a large sample of adolescents (N = 2406, aged 14–24). Next, we examined nodal degree (the number of connections that brain regions have in a network) using brain-wide cortical thickness measures in a representative subset (N = 275) using a sliding window approach. We found that higher resilient functioning was associated with lower nodal degree of multiple regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (z > 1.645). During adolescence, decreases in nodal degree are thought to reflect a normative developmental process that is part of the extensive remodeling of structural brain network topology. Prior findings in this sample showed that decreased nodal degree was associated with age, as such our findings of negative associations between nodal degree and resilient functioning may therefore potentially resemble a more mature structural network configuration in individuals with higher resilient functioning.
Searching for bridges between psychopathology and real-world functioning in first-episode psychosis: a network analysis from the OPTiMiSE trial
- F. Dal Santo, E. Fonseca-Pedrero, M. P. García-Portilla, L. González-Blanco, P. A. Sáiz, S. Galderisi, G. M. Giordano, J. Bobes
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S262-S263
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Introduction
Network analysis has been used to explore the interplay between psychopathology and functioning in psychosis, but no study has used dedicated statistical techniques to focus on the bridge symptoms connecting these domains.
ObjectivesThe current study aims to estimate the network of depressive, negative, and positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and real-world functioning in people with first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder, focusing on bridge nodes.
MethodsBaseline data from the OPTiMiSE trial were analysed. The sample included 446 participants (age 40.0±10.9 years, 70% males). The network was estimated with a Gaussian graphical model (GGM), using scores on individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Stability, strength centrality, expected influence (EI), predictability, and bridge centrality statistics were computed. The top 20% scoring nodes on bridge strength were selected as bridge nodes.
ResultsNodes from different rating scales assessing similar psychopathological and functioning constructs tended to cluster together in the estimated network (Fig. 1). The most central nodes (EI) were Delusions, Emotional Withdrawal, Depression, and Depressed Mood. Bridge nodes included Depression, Conceptual Disorganisation, Active Social Avoidance, Delusions, Stereotyped Thinking, Poor Impulse Control, Guilty Feelings, Unusual Thought Content, and Hostility. Most of the bridge nodes belonged to the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS. Depression (G6) was the bridge node with the highest value.
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ConclusionsThe current study provides novel insights for understanding the complex phenotype of psychotic disorders and the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of comorbidity and functional impairment after psychosis onset.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Differential diagnosis of late onset psychotic symptoms. A case report.
- J. Sánchez Rodríguez, S. Puyal González, M. Paz Otero, E. Lozano Bori, A. García Recio
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1063
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Introduction
We present the case of a sixty-seven-year-old woman who is examined for the first time in the emergency room because of a nine-month clinical picture that involves psychotic symptoms. The patient exhibits persecutory delusions that started after she shared some private information on social media. These symptoms also entail emotional distress and behavioral disturbances. She has never experienced hallucinations, but she does present delusional interpretations of the environment. Her clinical history reveals abnormalities of premorbid personality, including paranoid and immature features.
Objectives(1) We will be carrying out a differential diagnosis of late onset psychotic symptoms. We will as well be exploring the concept of Paraphrenia and analyzing its differential features in order to stablish the most suitable diagnosis for the case.
(2) The relationship between abnormalities in premorbid personality and psychotic symptoms will be covered, reviewing the available literature on this matter, and relating it to the patient’s symptomatology.
MethodsA review of the patient’s clinical history will be carried out, considering her biography, the testimony of her family and the complementary tests performed during the hospitalization period.
A bibliographic review of the available scientific literature will also be developed involving disorders that could explain psychotic symptoms in the elderly, as well as the term Paraphrenia, which describes specific features in a psychotic episode but is not included in the diagnostic manuals.
Results(1) The symptomatology that our patient exhibits may be considered atypical given the late stage of its onset and its specific features.
(2) The case could be explained under the category of Delusional Disorder. From a psychopathological point or view, it could also fit under de diagnosis of Paraphrenia as described by Ravindran et al.
(3) Pathological personality traits were assessed in premorbid personality which included paranoid and immature features.
ConclusionsIt could be useful to review the concept of the “paranoid spectrum” as proposed by some authors regarding some patient’s psychotic symptoms that don’t exactly fit any of the nowadays diagnostic categories. “Paraphrenia” could be understood as a distinct clinical entity for patients who show psychotic disorders but keep affective warmth and lack though deterioration and grossly disorganized behavior.
Most patients with late life paranoid psychoses have abnormal premorbid personalities, most usually of schizoid or paranoid type. There’s a decent amount of consensus in viewing the premorbid personality as having been abnormal as an early marker of impending psychosis.
Reformulating the way we approach diagnosis of psychotic symptoms of late onset could help us identify vulnerable patients on a premorbid stage and better classify and understand atypical entities.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Smoking treatments for patients with mental illness: case presentation and a brief literature review
- F. Garcia Sanchez, M. Gutierrez Rodriguez, C. Moreno Menguiano, M. A. Corral Alonso, J. J. Vazquez Vazquez, S. M. Bañon Gonzalez, V. Voces Domingo, J. A. Casado de la Hera
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S756
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Introduction
Smoking prevalence in patients with mental illness ranges between two to 4 times higher than general population. This higher prevalence has a multifactorial origin, and some of the possible causes are still unknown.
They have a higher prevalence of tobacco-associated diseases and higher mortality.
Additionally, these patients have greater difficulty in treating and quitting smoking.
A relationship has been found between severity of mental illness and smoking. Risk of suicide seems to be higher in patients with higher tobacco consumption. Schizophrenia is the mental illness that has been most closely related to smoking, with a prevalence close to 90%.
ObjectivesThe aim of this work is reviewing the current bibliography referring to smoking treatments for patients with mental illness
MethodsA literature search using electronic manuscripts available in PubMed database published during the last ten years and further description and discussion of a single-patient clinical case
ResultsThe treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with mental illnesses is sometimes waited until there is psychiatric stability, which can take a long time in those cases with more severe mental disorders, which can have negative physical and psychiatric consequences.
The combined treatment of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment is the most effective approach. Nicotine replacement therapy can be useful, while combined use of antidepressants or anxiolytics is also recommended.
Bupropion has shown efficacy. In patients with schizophrenia it does not seem to worsen positive symptomatology, but improving the negative one. It should not be used in patients with bipolar disorder or bulimia.
Varenicline has shown efficacy in the general population, but limitations were established in patients with mental illness, although it is the drug that has shown greater efficacy. However, is not currently available in our country.
Cytisine is a drug with limited number of studies in the psychiatric population but it may be a reasonable treatment alternative.
ConclusionsThe prevalence of tobacco use in patients with mental illness is higher than the general population, especially in paranoid schizophrenia. The consequences on physical health and the evolution of psychiatric illness are very relevant. Based on above, a multidisciplinary and coordinated management involving psychiatrists and other specialists in the treatment of these patients should be desirable.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Efficacy of paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation in preventing hospital admissions and emergency room visits. 66 months of follow-up
- S. L. Romero Guillena, B. O. Plasencia Garcia de Diego, J. Gomez Gonzalez, F. Gotor Sánchez-Luengo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S487
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Introduction
Paliperidone Palmitate 3-month formulation (PP3M) has shown a significantly longer time to relapse compared to placebo, with similar efficacy and safety to Paliperidone Palmitate 1-month (PP1M) (Carpiniello et al. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2016; 10 1731–1742).
ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of PP3M in preventing hospital admissions and emergency room visits, in people with non-acute schizophrenia in a naturalistic psychiatric outpatient setting
MethodsSample: 30 people with diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM 5 criteria), who had started treatment with PP3M, after being stabilized with PP1M (the dose was not modified in the four months prior to inclusion in the study)
Quarterly basis, the following evaluations were performed during a follow-up period of 66 months:
The Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale (CGI-SCH)
Treatment adherence, concomitant medication and the number of hospitalizations and emergency visits
Efficacy values: Percentage of patients who remained free of admissions at the end of 66 months of follow-up.
Other evaluation criteria: Percentage of patients who never visited the emergency department at the end of 66 months of follow-up. Average change from baseline visit to the final evaluation as assessed by score obtained on the following scale: GSI-SCH, percentage of patients on antipsychotic monotherapy and treatment adherence rate.
ResultsThe mean dose of PP3M was 401. 55 mg
The percentage of patients who remained free of admissions at the end of the 66 months was 83.25% and the percentage of patients who never visited the emergency department at the end of 66 months was 79.92%
Mean variations from baseline scores at 66 months were: (-0.36 ±0-37) on the GCI-SCH.
The percentage of patients on antipsychotic monotherapy at the end of the 66 months was 76.56%
The rate of adherence was 86.58%
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ConclusionsIn our study, we found that paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation was effective in reducing the number of admissions and visits to the emergency department, under conditions of daily clinical practice.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Gut permeability and low-grade inflammation in bipolar disorder
- M. Couce, G. Paniagua, L. González-Blanco, A. García-Fernández, C. Martínez-Cao, P. Sáiz, J. Bobes, M. P. García-Portilla
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S385-S386
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Introduction
Systemic inflammation has been increasingly related to bipolar disorder -BD- (Tanaka et al. Neurosci Res 2017;115 59-63). Intestinal bacterial translocation has been postulated as one of the causes of this inflammation (Nguyen et al. J Psychiatr Res 2018;99 50-61). A possible pathway is through the lipopolysaccharide, which is presented to CD14 through lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) leading to a release of systemic inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CPR) (Funda et al. Infect Immun 2001;69 3772-81).
Objectives1) Describe gut permeability in patients with BD through the determination of intestinal inflammatory markers (LBP, sCD14) in plasma; 2) Analyze variables associated with intestinal inflammation.
MethodsCross-sectional study of 38 patients with BD [mean age=45.50 (SD=10.93; range 23-68); males=15 (39.5%)], recruited from mental health outpatient clinics in Oviedo (Spain).
Assessment: Pro-inflammation biomarkers [CRP (mg/dL), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (mm/h), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte, Monocyte/Lymphocyte, Platelet/Lymphocyte and Systemic Immune Inflammation Indexes]. Indirect markers of intestinal bacterial translocation [LBP, soluble CD14 (sCD14)]. Dichotomous variables were created for LBP, considering LBP ≥15 μg/dL as increased gut permeability; and for CPR, considering CRP≥0.3 as systemic inflammation. Metabolic syndrome [ATPIII criteria: glucose, HDL, triglycerides (mg/dl), arterial pressure (mmHg), abdominal circumference (cm)], body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), smoking, cannabis or alcohol use.
Statistical analyses: t-Student test, multiple linear regression analyses.
ResultsAverage LBP was 14.60 μg/dL (SD=6.4) and 15 patients (39.5%) had increased gut permeability. Moreover, average CPR was 0.40 mg/dL (SD=0.58) and 16 patients (47.1%) showed systemic inflammation. There were no patients with increased levels of sCD14.
Associations were found between LBP and CPR (r=0.357; p=0.032), cannabis use in the last month (t=-2.293; p=0.029), BMI (r=0.433; p=0.008) and abdominal obesity (t=3.006; p=0.005); but no with age or sex.
Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model for LBP was calculated with variables previously mentioned, and age (based on expert criteria). The overall regression was statistically significant (R2=0.49, F=9.273, p<0.001). It was found that CPR, abdominal obesity, and cannabis use in the last month significantly predicted LBP levels (table 1).
Table 1. Multiple linear regression analyses to LBP B SE β t p CPR 4.842 1.529 0.439 3.167 0.004 Abdominal obesity 4.810 1.849 0.362 2.601 0.014 Cannabis use -5.048 2.273 -0.296 -2.221 0.034 ConclusionsMore than one third of patients with BD had increased gut permeability. Almost 50% had systemic inflammation. Intestinal permeability was directly related to abdominal obesity and systemic inflammation, but inversely related to cannabis use.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The response to unfolded proteins in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
- C. Cachán, I. M. Valle, Y. Potes, A. González Rubio, N. Menéndez Coto, D. López Fanjul, I. Vega Naredo, B. Caballero, P. Saiz, J. Bobes, P. García Portilla, A. Coto Montes
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S636-S637
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Introduction
Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disordes, which have high incidence (Whiteford et al. Lancet 2013; 381 1575-86) and are the main causes of diasibility in young people (WHO 2022; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders).
Psycological stress appears in different mental disorders, and this is directly related to oxidative stress (Moller et al. Chem Biol Interact. 1996; 102 17-36)(Pupic-Bakrac et al. 2020; Psychiatr Danub. 32 412-9). Oxidative stress causes reticulum edoplasmic stress (ER stress) and this produces high levels of misfolded proteins. Defective proteins are degraded by the proteasome, but but when the density of misfolded proteins exceeds the capacity of the proteosome, the Unfolded and Misfolded Protein Response (UPR) is triggered through three main pathways: Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α); transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α) and protein kinase RNA-Like ER kinase (PERK), trying to recover normal protein synthesis capacity (Bermejo-Millo et al. 2018; Mol Neurobiol. 55 7973-86) (González-Blanco et al. 2022; J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13 919-31).
ObjectivesCharacterizing ER stress and UPR in SCH and BD.
MethodsWe studied ER stress and UPR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 50 patients with SCH and an equal number of patients with BD compared to their corresponding controls in order to achieve our objectives.
Western Blot assay were performed following classical procedure () and the results was normalized to Ponceau as loanding control (Nie et al. 2017; BiochemByophys Resp 12 10-13) (Sander et al. 2019; Anal Biochem 575 44-53). Proteasome activity was assessed using Proteasome Activity Assay Kit (ab107921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK).
ResultsER stress was evaluated with BiP/GRP78. Our results showed significantly increased expression in SCH (p<0,01) and BD (p<0,05), being more increased in SCH. Proteasome activity was increased in SCH and BD, being only statistically significant in SQZ (p<0,05). UPR study showed IRE1a cascade significantly activated in SCH (p<0,001) and only slight increased in BD showed without statistical differences. ATF6a pathway is measured by cleavage to active protein (50-kDa). Results showed higher expression in SCH than in BD and controls (p<0,001). In addition, PERK pathway showed higher statistical levels of p-eIF2a/eiF2a ratio in SCH than in BD and control respectively (p<0,05 and p<0,01).
ConclusionsOur results showed a greater alteration in SCH than in BD at the level of protein synthesis, which implies a greater toxicity at the cellular level and, therefore, a clear risk for the survival of cells in this pathology.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
SOD and CAT as potential preliminary biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the first episode of psychosis
- C. Cachán-Vega, E. Antuña, C. García-González, J. C. Bermejo-Millo, F. Baena-Huerta, L. González-Blanco, B. Caballero, I. Vega-Naredo, J. Bobes, M. P. García-Portilla, A. Coto-Montes, Y. Potes
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S449-S450
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Introduction
Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders which lead to psychotic, affective and cognitive symptoms and often cause a progressive functional deterioration of the individual. The current diagnosis of SCH and BD essentially depends on clinical observation that often leads to misdiagnosis and the introduction of non-specific treatments. Therefore, an early detection and intervention are determinant for a better prognosis. Improving outcomes of a First Episode of Psychosis (FEP) depends mainly on the identification of reliable and discriminatory biomarkers between both disorders.
ObjectivesGiven that oxidative stress has been tightly involved in multiple metal disorders, the major goal of this work was to characterize oxidative alterations in order to identify potential biomarkers which allow the differential diagnosis in an early stage.
MethodsThe study was carried out on samples from 49 subjects (14 women and 35 men), divided into four groups: a control group of 10 individuals not previously diagnosed with any serious mental disorder, 17 patients who had presented a FEP, 12 patients diagnosed with SCH and 10 patients diagnosed with BP. Biochemical analysis were conducted in erythrocyte fraction to characterize the cellular oxidative damage by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and the antioxidant defense system by the evaluation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities.
ResultsIn the present work, we observed a significant increase in LPO levels in both SCH and BD disorders that was not neutralized by the antioxidant defense. It was found that SCH patients, despite exhibiting greater activities of SOD and CAT compared to BD individuals, also showed significantly higher levels of oxidative damage. The differential oxidative profile observed between SCH and BD individuals allowed to perform an individually analysis of patients diagnosed with FEP. Although it was not possible to identify the type of psychotic disorder of all the patients with FEP, the results obtained showed that while several individuals exhibited an oxidative prolife similar to that observed in SCH patients, other individuals presented a prolife very similar to that found in patients with BD.
ConclusionsThe current work reveals that LPO is a potential indicator of worse prognosis after being differentially modified in both SCH and BD. Moreover, SOD and CAT have been identified, by presenting an opposite profile between patients with SCH and BD, as potential preliminary biomarkers for a discriminatory diagnosis in an early stage of the disorder.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Emotion regulation is the ability to exert control over one’s own emotional state
- R. Hernandez Anton, J. P. D. L. V. García, J. O. B. González, R. V. Casal
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S580
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Introduction
This program project arises from the consternation of psychotherapists at the increase in self-injurious behaviors in the child and adolescent population.
Currently, in consultation, we are seeing many cases that do not match the conditions (anxiety disorders, depression, attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity…) described by current classifications. These cases have a common feature: emotional dysregulation.
Objectives- Reduce the discomfort and emotional pain of the patient.- Increase the patient’s skills.
- Improve patient motivation.
- Generalize to the natural environment.
- Structure the environment.
MethodsThe program is directed to peoople between the ages of 12 and 18. They are divided into two groups: one from 12 to 15 years old and another from 16 to 18 years old.
The groups are a maximum of 8 adolescents. Parents also participate.
These are closed groups.
The duration of each session is one hour or one hour and a half.
A therapeutic contract is signed.
ResultsWe will use different scales to measure the evolution of the patients. The following scales will be passed at the beginning and at the end: DERS, EGD, DASS 21, GHQ-12.
Dialectical dilemmas in families will be worked on. These results will be collected and compared with those at the end of the program.
ConclusionsPeople with emotional dysregulation sometimes do not have the necessary skills to regulate emotions. With this program, we intend to carry out training in skills (mindfulness; middle path; tolerance to discomfort; emotional regulation), structured in modules, in addition to relying on individual therapy.
Given this increase in deregulated children and young people, we see ourselves in the need to train ourselves and address these cases from a different point of view.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
An empirical staging model for schizophrenia using machine learning
- M.-C. Clara, F. Sánchez-Lasheras, A. García-Fernández, L. González-Blanco, P. A. Sáiz, J. Bobes, M. P. García-Portilla
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S626-S627
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Introduction
One of the great challenges still to be achieved in schizophrenia is the development of a staging model that reflects the progression of the disorder. The previous models suggested have been developed from a theoretical point of view and do not include objective variables such as biomarkers, physical comorbidities, or self-reported subjective variables (Martinez-Cao et al. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12(1) 1-11).
ObjectivesDevelop a multidimensional staging model for schizophrenia based on empirical data.
MethodsNaturalistic, cross-sectional study. Sample: 212 stable patients with Schizophrenia (F20). Assessments: ad hoc questionnaire (demographic and clinical information); psychopathology: PANSS, CDS, OSQ, CGI-S; functioning: PSP; cognition: MATRICS; laboratory tests: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), IL-1RA, IL-6, Platelets/Lymphocytes (PLR), Neutrophils/Lymphocytes (NLR), and Monocytes/Lymphocytes (MLR) ratios. Statistical analysis: Variables selection was performed with an ad hoc algorithm developed for this research. The referred algorithm makes use of genetic algorithms (GA) to select those variables that show the best performance for the patients classification according to their global CGI-S. The objective function of the GA maximizes the individuals correct classification of a support vector machines (SVM) model that employs as input variables those given by the GA (Díez-Díaz et al. Mathematics 2021; 9(6) 654). Models performance was assessed with the help of 3-fold cross-validation and these process was repeated 10,000 times for each one of the models assessed.
ResultsMean age(SD): 39.5(13.54); men: 63.5%; secondary education: 59.50%. Most patients in our sample had never been married (74.10%), and more than a third received disability benefits due to schizophrenia (37.70%). The mean length of the disease was 11.98(12.02) years. The best SVM model included the following variables: 1)Clinical: number of hospitalizations, positive, negative, depressive symptoms and general psychopathology; 2)Cognition: speed of processing, visual learning and social cognition; 3)Functioning: PSP total score; 4)Biomarkers: PLR, NLR and MLR. This model was executed again 100,000 times applying again 3-fold cross-validation. In 95% of the algorithm executions more than a 53.52% of the patients were classfied in the right CGI-S category. On average the right classification was of 61.93%. About specificity and sensitivity the average values obtained were of 0.85 and 0.64 respectively.
ConclusionsOur staging model is a robust method that appropriately distributes patients according to the severity of the disorder. Highlights the importance of clinical, functional and cognitive factors to classify patients. Finally, the inflammatory parameters PLR, NLR and MLR have also emerged as potential biomarkers for staging schizophrenia.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Molecular characterization of a suspected IMP-type carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak reveals two simultaneous outbreaks in a tertiary-care hospital
- Ana Gual-de-Torrella, Carla López-Causape, Izaskun Alejo-Cancho, Estrella Rojo-Molinero, Gonzalo Sanchez-García, Sara Cortés-Lara, María B. Rodríguez Moral, Pilar Berdonces-Gonzalez, María J. Lopez de Goikoetxea, Antonio Oliver
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- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 44 / Issue 11 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 May 2023, pp. 1801-1808
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- November 2023
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Objective:
To describe IMP-type carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks at Galdakao University Hospital between March 2021 to December 2021.
Design:Outbreak report.
Setting:Galdakao University Hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in the Basque Country (northern Spain).
Patients:All patients with a positive IMP-type carbapenemase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IMP-PA) culture were included in this study, both colonization and infection cases.
Methods:An outbreak investigation was conducted, in which molecular epidemiology analysis [pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)] and environmental screenings were performed.
Results:Between March and December 2021, 21 cases of IMP-PA were detected in Galdakao University Hospital: 18 infection cases and 3 colonization cases. In total, 4 different pulsotypes were detected belonging to 4 clones according to WGS: ST175 (n = 14), ST633 (n = 3), ST179 (n = 3), and ST348 (n = 1). IMP-13 was detected in most isolates belonging to the ST175 clone and in all ST179 and ST348 clones, whereas IMP-29 was detected in isolates belonging to the ST633 clone. Clinical isolates belonging to the ST175 clone were isolated mainly from patients admitted to the respiratory ward, and isolates belonging to the ST633 clone from patients admitted to the ICU. Two environmental isolates belonging to the ST175 clone were detected in the respiratory ward.
Conclusions:Molecular and genomic epidemiology revealed that there had been 2 independent IMP-PA outbreaks, one of long duration in the respiratory ward and the other more limited in the ICU.
Imaging and Molecular Annotation of Xenographs and Tumours (IMAXT): High throughput data and analysis infrastructure
- Eduardo A. González-Solares, Ali Dariush, Carlos González-Fernández, Aybüke Küpcü Yoldaş, Alireza Molaeinezhad, Mohammad Al Sa’d, Leigh Smith, Tristan Whitmarsh, Neil Millar, Nicholas Chornay, Ilaria Falciatori, Atefeh Fatemi, Daniel Goodwin, Laura Kuett, Claire M. Mulvey, Marta Páez Ribes, Fatime Qosaj, Andrew Roth, Ignacio Vázquez-García, Spencer S. Watson, Jonas Windhager, Samuel Aparicio, Bernd Bodenmiller, Ed Boyden, Carlos Caldas, Owen Harris, Sohrab P. Shah, Simon Tavaré, CRUK IMAXT Grand Challenge Team, Dario Bressan, Gregory J. Hannon, Nicholas A. Walton
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- Biological Imaging / Volume 3 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2023, e11
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With the aim of producing a 3D representation of tumors, imaging and molecular annotation of xenografts and tumors (IMAXT) uses a large variety of modalities in order to acquire tumor samples and produce a map of every cell in the tumor and its host environment. With the large volume and variety of data produced in the project, we developed automatic data workflows and analysis pipelines. We introduce a research methodology where scientists connect to a cloud environment to perform analysis close to where data are located, instead of bringing data to their local computers. Here, we present the data and analysis infrastructure, discuss the unique computational challenges and describe the analysis chains developed and deployed to generate molecularly annotated tumor models. Registration is achieved by use of a novel technique involving spherical fiducial marks that are visible in all imaging modalities used within IMAXT. The automatic pipelines are highly optimized and allow to obtain processed datasets several times quicker than current solutions narrowing the gap between data acquisition and scientific exploitation.