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FC22: Changes in inhibitory control in older adults: Diminished inhibitory efficiency or slowing of general processing speed?
- Luís Pires, Sara Martins, Soraia Lopes, Isabel M. dos Santos, Chiara Guerrini, Ana A. Gomes, José A. Leitão
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 February 2024, pp. 83-84
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Background:
Age-related losses in cognitive control efficiency in the face of response conflict are commonly reported in ageing research. However, it is unclear to what extent this effect reflects changes in actual inhibitory control, or the well-known age-related slowing of processing speed.
Methods:We compared young (n = 42; 29 women; mean age = 19.6 years; mean formal education = 13 years) and older adults (n = 42; 27 women; mean age = 68.7 years; mean formal education = 12.8 years) using a spatial Stroop task. Participants responded to the direction of an arrow, ignoring its position. Direction and position could be congruent, incongruent or neutral (respectively low, high and no conflict trials). The level of conflict in trial n-1 (high or no conflict) modulated the level of adaptive control in the nth trial. We used multivariate analyses of variance to probe age-group effects on inhibitory efficiency, adaptive (high conflict n-1 trial) and momentary (no conflict n-1 trial). We analysed accuracy and direct as well as proportional reaction times, which respectively integrate and control for differences in general processing speed.
Results:Older participants showed a larger overall Stroop effect in both direct [Wilks’ λ = .61, F(2,81) = 25.99, p<.001] and proportional reaction times [Wilks’ λ = .79, F(2, 81) = 10.55, p<.001]. Controlling for differences in general processing speed did not impact age-group effects on momentary inhibitory efficiency [F(1,82) = 17.78, p<.001], but eliminated a trend for poorer adaptive inhibitory control in the older group [F(1, 82)=.198, p = .657]. As for accuracy, we unexpectedly found a larger Stroop effect for the younger group [Wilks’ λ = .79, F(2, 81) = 11.07, p=.001].
Conclusion:Older and younger adults are as effective in using previous response conflicts to prepare for current conflict resolution. Older adults' lower momentary inhibitory effectiveness likely reflects age-related slowing of processing speed as well as, to a degree to be determined in future research, larger strategic reaction times investment in accuracy enhancement.
Funding:BIAL Foundation (Grant 234/14)
H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes
- Rúben Francisco, Filipe Jesus, Catarina L. Nunes, Paulo Santos, Marta Alvim, Francesco Campa, Dale A. Schoeller, Henry Lukaski, Goncalo V. Mendonca, Luís Fernando Cordeiro Bettencourt Sardinha, Analiza Mónica Lopes de Almeida Silva
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 131 / Issue 9 / 14 May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2024, pp. 1579-1590
- Print publication:
- 14 May 2024
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We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes’ neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration and hydration biomarkers and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomised controlled trial in thirty-eight national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.e. < 35·0 ml/kg/d). In the intervention, participants will be randomly assigned to the control (CG, n 19) or experimental group (EG, n 19). During the 4-day intervention, WI will be maintained in the CG and increased in the EG (i.e. > 45·0 ml/kg/d). Exercise-induced dehydration protocols with thermal stress will be performed before and after the intervention. Neuromuscular performance (knee extension/flexion with electromyography and handgrip), hydration indexes (serum, urine and saliva osmolality), body water compartments and water flux (dilution techniques, body composition (four-compartment model) and biochemical parameters (vasopressin and Na) will be evaluated. This trial will provide novel evidence about the effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function and hydration status in athletes with low WI, providing useful information for athletes and sports-related professionals aiming to improve athletic performance.
Palliative care in the treatment of women with breast cancer: A scoping review
- Romel Jonathan Velasco Yanez, Ana Fátima Carvalho Fernandes, Erilaine de Freitas Corpes, Régia Christina Moura Barbosa Castro, Judith Sixsmith, Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 22 / Issue 3 / June 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 December 2023, pp. 592-609
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Objectives
Recent studies on the quality of life in women with breast cancer show a high prevalence of signs and symptoms that should be the focus of palliative care (PC), leading us to question the current role they play in addressing breast cancer. Therefore, the objective of this review is to map the scope of available literature on the role of PC in the treatment of women with breast cancer.
MethodsThis is a methodologically guided scoping review by the Joanna Briggs Institute and adapted to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist for report writing. Systematic searches were conducted in 8 databases, an electronic repository, and gray literature. The searches were conducted with the support of a librarian. The study selection was managed through the RAYYAN software in a blind and independent manner by 2 reviewers. The extracted data were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis technique and discussed through textual categories.
ResultsA total of 9,812 studies were identified, of which only 136 articles and 3 sources of gray literature are included in this review. In terms of general characteristics, the majority were published in the USA (35.7%), had a cross-sectional design (44.8%), and were abstracts presented at scientific events (19.6%). The majority of interventions focused on palliative radiotherapy (13.6%). Thematic analysis identified 14 themes and 12 subthemes.
Significance of resultsOur findings offer a comprehensive view of the evidence on PC in the treatment of breast cancer. Although a methodological quality assessment was not conducted, these results could guide professionals interested in the topic to position themselves in the current context. Additionally, a quick synthesis of recommendations on different palliative therapies is provided, which should be critically observed. Finally, multiple knowledge gaps are highlighted, which could be used for the development of future studies in this field.
Discrimination of morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.) using near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
- Andreísa Flores Braga, Leandro Aparecido Chiconi, Allan Lopes Bacha, Gustavo Henrique de Almeida Teixeira, Luis Carlos Cunha Junior, Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves
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- Weed Science / Volume 71 / Issue 2 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2023, pp. 104-111
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The occurrence of weeds is one of the main factors limiting agricultural productivity. Studies on new techniques for the identification of these species can contribute to the development of proximal sensors, which in the future might be coupled to machines to optimize the performance of species-specific weed management. Thus, the objective of this study was to use near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to discriminate three morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.). The NIR spectra were collected from the leaves of the three weed species at the vegetative stage (up to five leaves), within the spectral band of 4,000 to 10,000 cm−1. The discrimination models were selected according to accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index and were analyzed with a validation data set (n = 135). The best results occurred when the selection of spectral bands associated with the use of preprocessing was performed. It was possible to obtain an accuracy of 99.3%, 98.5%, and 98.7% for ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederifolia L.), Japanese morningglory [Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth], and hairy woodrose [Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb.], respectively. NIR spectroscopy associated with principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) or partial least-squares regression with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) can be used to discriminate Ipomoea spp.
Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) supplementation increases butyrate synthesis and reduces inflammatory cells, attenuating the formation of aberrant crypt foci in BALB/c mice induced to pre-neoplastic lesions
- Andressa Ladeira Bernardes, Luís Fernando de Sousa Moraes, Bruna Cristina dos Santos Cruz, Lisiane Lopes da Conceição, Leandro Licursi de Oliveira, Mariaurea Matias Sarandy, Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves, Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 129 / Issue 2 / 28 January 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2022, pp. 352-363
- Print publication:
- 28 January 2023
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The development of colorectal cancer involves some morphological changes, and in the initial stage, pre-neoplastic lesions called aberrant crypt foci (ACF) appear. Thus, an intervention with sources of bioactive compounds such as Hibiscus sabdariffa L., rich in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, could attenuate the risk of developing these lesions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 5 % and 10 % supplementation of dehydrated H. sabdariffa calyces (DHSC) during the development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced pre-neoplastic lesions in male BALB/c mice. The characterisation of DHSC was carried out. The in vivo experiment lasted 12 weeks, and the animals were randomly divided into three experimental groups: the control group (CON) and the supplemented groups with 5 % DHSC and 10 % DHSC. The activities of liver enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase were determined. In addition, ACF, SCFA, presence of inflammatory infiltrates, goblet cells and leucocytes in the colonic mucosa were quantified. There was a significant reduction in ACF and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the colon of animals in groups 5DHSC and 10DHSC. In addition, the 10DHSC group showed an increase in the activity of the CAT enzyme, in the production of butyrate and in the presence of natural killer cells in the colon, in addition to more hypertrophied goblet cells. Based on these findings, it is suggested that DHSC supplementation may be recommended to attenuate cellular responses in the early stage of pre-neoplastic lesions.
Reproductive fluids, added to the culture media, contribute to minimizing phenotypical differences between in vitro-derived and artificial insemination-derived piglets
- Evelyne París-Oller, Cristina Soriano-Úbeda, Ramsés Belda-Pérez, Lucía Sarriás-Gil, Jordana S. Lopes, Analuce Canha-Gouveia, Joaquín Gadea, Luis Alberto Vieira, Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez, Raquel Romar, Sebastian Cánovas, Pilar Coy
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- Journal:
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 13 / Issue 5 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 January 2022, pp. 593-605
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The addition of reproductive fluids (RF) to the culture media has shown benefits in different embryonic traits but its long-term effects on the offspring phenotype are still unknown. We aimed to describe such effects in pigs. Blood samples and growth parameters were collected from piglets derived from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) with or without RF added in the culture media versus those artificially inseminated (AI), from day 0 to month 6 of life. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 45 of life. We show here the first comparative data of the growth of animals produced through different assisted reproductive techniques, demonstrating differences between groups. Overall, there was a tendency to have a larger size at birth and faster growth in animals derived from in vitro fertilization and embryo culture versus AI, although this trend was diminished by the addition of RFs to the culture media. Similarly, small differences in hematological indices and glucose tolerance between animals derived from AI and those derived from IVP, with a sex-dependent effect, tended to fade in the presence of RF. The addition of RF to the culture media could contribute to minimizing the phenotypical differences between the in vitro-derived and AI offspring, particularly in males.
INECO Frontal Screening: an Instrument to assess Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
- Tânia Silva, Luís Monteiro, Emanuela Lopes
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- The Spanish Journal of Psychology / Volume 17 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2014, E19
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Although several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect executive dysfunction, few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief tool which has proved be useful for the assessment of the executive functions in patients with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore whether the IFS is as sensitive and specific as the BADS, a battery designed to assess the dysexecutive syndrome, in schizophrenia. Our sample comprised a group of 34 schizophrenic patients (Mean age = 39.59, DP = 10.697) and 31 healthy controls (Mean age = 35.52, DP = 10.211). To all groups were administered the BADS, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and IFS. The results suggest that schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse than the control group in all tests (p < .05). The IFS total score was 13.29 for the experimental group and 26.21 for the control group (p < .001). Considering a cut-off of 14 points, the IFS sensitivity was 100% and specificity 56% in detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia, compared with the BADS, that if we consider a cut-off of 11 points, was a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50%. Thus, IFS is a brief, sensitive and specific tool for the detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
A microstructural characterization of some Late Bronze Age metals from Fraga dos Corvos site: fibula, pendants, riveted sheet and droplet
- F. Lopes, R.J. Silva, E. Figueiredo, M.F. Araújo, J. Reprezas, E. Luís, J.C. Senna-Martinez
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 19 / Issue S4 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 August 2013, pp. 141-142
- Print publication:
- August 2013
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The knowledge of our pre-history and ancient metal artefacts production methods can only be deeply investigated through the multidisciplinary approaches involving different analytical techniques including microscopy techniques. The present study concerns the elemental and microstructural characterization of pre-historic bronze artefacts from the Northwestern Iberia Peninsula. During Bronze Age an increment of metal artefacts production and its typological diversification is observed related to the development of metallurgical technology. Several artefacts have been found during recent excavations at the Bronze Age settlement of Fraga dos Corvos (Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal). The analysis of metallurgical remains points out to the existence of local metallurgical activities. Five bronze artefacts previously analysed by micro-EDXRF, an Acebuchal fibula fragment, two pendants and a riveted sheet (probably a fragment of a vessel or cauldron) with average concentration values of 10±1.1% Sn and ~2±0.5% Pb and a droplet (?) with ~5% Sn and ~4% Pb, were selected for optical microscopy (OM) and SEM-EDS analysis.
Microscopy observations showed to be very important for the comprehension of pre-historic bronze metallurgy, allowing the identification of different phases, inclusions and thermomechanical processes applied during artefacts production. The fibula and the pendants show an equiaxed and twinned microstructure with slip bands (Figure 1 (a) and (c)). The characteristics observed are related to recrystallized and plastically deformed α-Cu structures. These features indicate that the artefacts were hammered and annealed (thermomechanical cycling), ending with a hammering operation. The pendants only exhibit slip bands near the surface, probably resulting from a finishing operation. Lead and Cu-S inclusions are frequently observed. The riveted sheet has an annealed microstructure with large α-Cu grains, undissolved (α+δ) eutectoid and few annealing twins. Elongated Cu-S inclusions, lead globules and pores were identified by SEM-EDS (Figure 1 (a)). Its microstructure indicates that shaping was obtained by just one or few thermomechanical cycles. The droplet presents a coarse and cored dendritic structure (Figure 1 (b)). Rounded Cu-S inclusions, lead globules and pores were also observed. Those are characteristics of a slow cooled as-cast alloy. Due to its low Sn content the (α+δ) eutectoid is absent. As a final note, microscopy techniques allowed establishing the manufacture processes involved in bronze metallurgy and to conclude that different thermomechanical processes were applied according to the typology of the artefact.
Financial support received from the Portuguese Science and Technology foundation under the EarlyMetal project PTDC/HIS-ARQ/110442/2008 and the grants SFRH/BPD/73245/2010 (EF) and SFRH/BD/72369/2010 (EL). Financial support of CENIMAT/I3N through the Strategic Project LA25/2011-2012 (PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2011) is gratefully acknowledged.
The Influenza A/H1N1 Pandemic in Southern Brazil
- Marcelo Carneiro, Marilina Assunta Bercini, Beanir da Silva Lara, Tatiana Schaffer Gregianini, Janete Aparecida Machado, Eliane Carlosso Krummenauer, Mariana Schmidt Adam, Nádia Kuplich, Andreia Rosane Moura Valim, Lessandra Michelim, Fabio Lopes Pedro, Flávia Juliana Piña Trench, Luis Fernando Waib, Lia Gonçalves Possuelo
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 32 / Issue 12 / December 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 1235-1237
- Print publication:
- December 2011
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Reference curves for BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for Azorean adolescents (Portugal)
- Rute Santos, Carla Moreira, Jonatan R Ruiz, Susana Vale, Luisa Soares-Miranda, Pedro Moreira, Luis Lopes, Ana I Marques, Antonio Oliveira-Tavares, Paula C Santos, Sandra Abreu, Manuel J Coelho-Silva, Jorge Mota
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / January 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 September 2011, pp. 13-19
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Objective
There are no percentile curves for BMI, waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) available for Portuguese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to develop age- and sex-specific BMI, WC and WHtR percentile curves for a representative sample of adolescents living in the Portuguese islands of Azores, one of the poorest regions of Europe, and to compare them with those from other countries.
DesignCross-sectional school-based study. Weight, height and WC were objectively measured according to standard procedures. Smoothed percentile curves were estimated using Cole's LMS method.
SettingAzores, Portugal.
SubjectsProportionate stratified random sample of 1500 adolescents, aged 15–18 years.
ResultsResults showed some sex differences in the shape of the BMI curves: in girls, the upper percentile values tend to decrease by the age of 16 and 17 years; whereas in boys, the upper percentiles tend to be flat between 15 and 16 years and then increase until the age of 18 years. In both sexes, the upper percentile values of both WC and WHtR decreased slightly by the age of 16 years and then increased steeply. In both sexes, the Azorean values for the 50th and 90th WC percentiles were higher than those reported for adolescents from the majority of other countries.
ConclusionsThe reference curves presented herein provide baseline data for the long-term surveillance of Azorean adolescents, as well as for national and international comparisons.
Dietary intake of α-linolenic acid and low ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA are associated with decreased exhaled NO and improved asthma control
- Renata Barros, André Moreira, João Fonseca, Luís Delgado, M. Graça Castel-Branco, Tari Haahtela, Carla Lopes, Pedro Moreira
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 106 / Issue 3 / 14 August 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 March 2011, pp. 441-450
- Print publication:
- 14 August 2011
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As recently described, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with improved asthma control. However, evidence of how specific nutrients such as fatty acids and antioxidants may affect this relationship remains largely unknown. We aimed to examine the association between dietary intake of fatty acids and antioxidants and asthma control. A cross-sectional study was developed in 174 asthmatics, mean age of 40 (sd 15) years. Dietary intake was obtained by a FFQ, and nutritional content was calculated using Food Processor Plus™ software (ESHA Research, Inc., Salem, OR, USA). Good asthma control was defined by the combination of forced expiratory volume during the first second, exhaled NO (eNO) and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score (control: forced expiratory volume in the first second ≥ 80 %; eNO ≤ 35 ppb; ACQ < 1·0, scale 0–6 score). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were performed to analyse the associations between nutrients and asthma outcomes, adjusting for confounders. A high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio predicted high eNO, whereas high intakes of n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and SFA were associated with low eNO. Odds for controlled asthma improved along with an increased intake of n-3 PUFA (OR 0·14, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·45; P for trend = 0·001), SFA (OR 0·36, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·97; P for trend = 0·047) and ALA (OR 0·18, 95 % CI 0·06, 0·58; P for trend = 0·005). A high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio increased the odds for uncontrolled asthma (OR 3·69, 95 % CI 1·37, 9·94; P for trend = 0·009), after adjusting for energy intake, sex, age, education and use of inhaled corticosteroids. Higher intakes of n-3 PUFA, ALA and SFA were associated with good asthma control, while the risk for uncontrolled asthma increased with a higher n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The present results introduce a protective effect of ALA in asthma control, independent of marine n-3 fatty acids, and provide a rationale to dietary intervention studies in asthma.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Range extensions and conservation of some threatened or little known Brazilian grassland birds
- LEONARDO ESTEVES LOPES, GUSTAVO BERNARDINO MALACCO, EDUARDO FRANÇA ALTEFF, MARCELO FERREIRA DE VASCONCELOS, DIEGO HOFFMANN, LUÍS FÁBIO SILVEIRA
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- Bird Conservation International / Volume 20 / Issue 1 / March 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 October 2009, pp. 84-94
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Populations of grassland birds are declining in Brazil due to profound alterations to grassland habitats. In this paper, we present recent records and range extensions for 12 threatened or little known Brazilian grassland species: Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii, Sickle-winged Nightjar Eleothreptus anomalus, Campo Miner Geositta poeciloptera, Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant Euscarthmus rufomarginatus, Sharp-tailed Grass-tyrant Culicivora caudacuta, Cock-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus tricolor, Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea, Black-masked Finch Coryphaspiza melanotis, Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha, Marsh Seedeater S. palustris, Chestnut Seedeater S. cinnamomea and Black-bellied Seedeater S. melanogaster. We also comment on the biogeography and conservation of these species.
Fecundity and brood loss in four species of fiddler crabs, genus Uca (Brachyura: Ocypodidae), in the mangroves of Inhaca Island, Mozambique
- Paulo Torres, Gil Penha-Lopes, Luís Narciso, Adriano Macia, José Paula
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- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 89 / Issue 2 / March 2009
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- 02 April 2009, pp. 371-378
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In this study, four species of fiddler crabs (Uca) at Inhaca Island, Mozambique, were studied: their fecundity determined and egg loss between the first and last embryonic development stage evaluated. Ovigerous female crabs were collected throughout February to March (wet season) of 2006, during day-time at low tide, in Ponta Rasa (U. annulipes and U. inversa) and Saco (U. chlorophthalmus and U. vocans) mangroves. Average brood size increased significantly with female and species size, ranging from 932 (CW = 8.51 mm) in U. annulipes, to 18,057 (CW = 23.5 mm) in U. vocans. The number of embryos decreased significantly over the incubation period for each species. Brood loss from embryonic stage I to stage IV for U. annulipes, U. inversa, U. chlorophthalmus and U. vocans was 12.3%, 14%, 43.2% and 23.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Positive allometry was recorded for all species in the early development stage, however, due to the higher relative brood loss in larger females (U. vocans), when comparing the number of embryos in late developmental stage, a negative allometry was possible to observe. The average volume of embryos at the same stage differed among species although significant differences were found between embryonic stages for all species. Embryo volume increased 96.1%, 93.3%, 92.9% and 96.3% in, respectively, U. annulipes, U. inversa, U. chlorophthalmus and U. vocans (P < 0.05). Differences in brood loss were attributed to habitat substrate and structure, stress factors and behavioural aspects.