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Tobacco use in first-episode psychosis, a multinational EU-GEI study
- T. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, E. Rodríguez-Toscano, L. Roldán, L. Ferraro, M. Parellada, A. Calvo, G. López, M. Rapado-Castro, D. La Barbera, C. La Cascia, G. Tripoli, M. Di Forti, R. M. Murray, D. Quattrone, C. Morgan, J. van Os, P. García-Portilla, S. Al-Halabí, J. Bobes, L. de Haan, M. Bernardo, J. L. Santos, J. Sanjuán, M. Arrojo, A. Ferchiou, A. Szoke, B. P. Rutten, S. Stilo, G. D'Andrea, I. Tarricone, EU-GEI WP2 Group, C. M. Díaz-Caneja, C. Arango
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 15 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 April 2023, pp. 7265-7276
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Background
Tobacco is a highly prevalent substance of abuse in patients with psychosis. Previous studies have reported an association between tobacco use and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between tobacco use and first-episode psychosis (FEP), age at onset of psychosis, and specific diagnosis of psychosis.
MethodsThe sample consisted of 1105 FEP patients and 1355 controls from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. We assessed substance use with the Tobacco and Alcohol Questionnaire and performed a series of regression analyses using case-control status, age of onset of psychosis, and diagnosis as outcomes and tobacco use and frequency of tobacco use as predictors. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol, and cannabis use.
ResultsAfter controlling for cannabis use, FEP patients were 2.6 times more likely to use tobacco [p ⩽ 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.1–3.2]] and 1.7 times more likely to smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day (p = 0.003; AOR 1.7; 95% CI [1.2–2.4]) than controls. Tobacco use was associated with an earlier age at psychosis onset (β = −2.3; p ⩽ 0.001; 95% CI [−3.7 to −0.9]) and was 1.3 times more frequent in FEP patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia than in other diagnoses of psychosis (AOR 1.3; 95% CI [1.0–1.8]); however, these results were no longer significant after controlling for cannabis use.
ConclusionsTobacco and heavy-tobacco use are associated with increased odds of FEP. These findings further support the relevance of tobacco prevention in young populations.
Maternal BMI at the time of birth and selected risk factors associated with severe neonatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the WHO Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty (BOLD) project
- Vicky N. Pileggi, Olufemi T. Oladapo, Hayala Cristina Cavenague de Souza, Cynthia P. Castro, Alabi O. Abraham, Adesina L. Akintan, Hadiza A. Idris, Lawal O. Oyeneyin, João P. Souza, José S. Camelo, Jr
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 124 / Issue 10 / 28 November 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 June 2020, pp. 1086-1092
- Print publication:
- 28 November 2020
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The main objective of this secondary analysis was to describe the nutritional status of the Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty (BOLD) project study population and determine possible associations between maternal nutritional status (as reflected by maternal BMI at the time of birth) and severe neonatal outcomes (SNO). We also analysed previous and index maternal pathologies to determine associations with neonatal outcomes. We used the classification designed by Atalah for maternal BMI and compared with the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study one. To describe the nutritional status of this population, figures of distribution and test of normality related to weight and BMI were presented for the women and their babies. To explore the association between maternal BMI data and SNO, the χ2 test was performed. To identify a maternal characteristic or a group of characteristics that could predict SNO, we used Fisher’s exact test using previous maternal pathology collected in the BOLD project as well as that in the index pregnancy. In this study, BMI at the time of birth was not associated with neonatal near miss or death. We found that previous maternal obesity, diabetes and chronic hypertension were associated with SNO. Maternal pathology in the index pregnancy such as other obstetric haemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, anaemia and gestational diabetes was associated with SNO.
Influence of DAOA and RGS4 genes on the risk for psychotic disorders and their associated executive dysfunctions: A family-based study
- J. Soler, S. Miret, L. Lázaro, M. Parellada, M. Martín, S. Lera-Miguel, A. Rosa, M. de Castro-Catala, M.J. Cuesta, L. Fañanás, M.O. Krebs, M. Fatjó-Vilas
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 32 / February 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. 42-47
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Background
Glutamatergic neurotransmission dysfunction has classically been related to the aetiology of psychotic disorders. A substantial polygenic component shared across these disorders has been reported and molecular genetics studies have associated glutamatergic-related genes, such as d-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) and regulator of G-protein signalling 4 (RGS4) with the risk for psychotic disorders. Our aims were to examine: (i) the relationship between DAOA and RGS4 and the risk for psychotic disorders using a family-based association approach, and (ii) whether variations in these genes are associated with differences in patients’ cognitive performance.
MethodsThe sample comprised 753 subjects (222 patients with psychotic disorders and 531 first-degree relatives). Six SNPs in DAOA and 5 SNPs in RGS4 were genotyped. Executive cognitive performance was assessed with Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Genetic association analyses were conducted with PLINK, using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) for the family-based study and linear regression for cognitive performance analyses.
ResultsThe haplotype GAGACT at DAOA was under-transmitted to patients (P = 0.0008), indicating its association with these disorders. With regards to cognitive performance, the DAOA haplotype GAGGCT was associated with worse scores in TMT-B (P = 0.018) in SZ patients only. RGS4 analyses did not report significant results.
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the DAOA gene may contribute to the risk for psychotic disorders and that this gene may play a role as a modulator of executive function, probably through the dysregulation of the glutamatergic signalling.
High salt intake during puberty leads to cardiac remodelling and baroreflex impairment in lean and obese male Wistar rats
- G. B. Rosa, L. C. Cavalet, A. B. S. de Melo, M. D. F. Junior, P. R. Lopes, R. A. Cardoso, L. A. Ferreira, F. D. Tomé, P. R. A. Nagib, M. R. N. Celes, G. R. Pedrino, C. H. Castro, P. C. F. Mathias, R. M. Gomes
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 123 / Issue 6 / 28 March 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 December 2019, pp. 642-651
- Print publication:
- 28 March 2020
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Modern lifestyle increases the prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities in the young population. High-salt (HS) diets are associated with hypertension and cardiac remodelling. The present study evaluated the potential effects of cardiometabolic programming induced by HS intake during puberty in lean and obese rats. Additionally, we investigated whether HS could exacerbate the impairment of cardiovascular parameters in adult life due to postnatal early overnutrition (PO). At postnatal day 3 (PN3), twenty-four litters of Wistar rats were divided into two groups: normal litter (NL, nine pups/dam) and small litter (SL, three pups/dam) throughout the lactation period; weaning was at PN21. At PN30, the pups were subdivided into two more groups: NL plus HS (NLHS) and SL plus HS (SLHS). HS intake was from PN30 until PN60. Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated at PN120. SL rats became overweight at adulthood due to persistent hyperphagia; however, HS exposure during puberty reduced the weight gain and food intake of NLHS and SLHS. Both HS and obesity raised the blood pressure, impaired baro- and chemoreflex sensitivity and induced cardiac remodelling but no worsening was observed in the association of these factors, except a little reduction in the angiotensin type-2 receptor in the hearts from SLHS animals. Our results suggest that the response of newborn offspring to PO and juveniles to a HS diet leads to significant changes in cardiovascular parameters in adult rats. This damage may be accompanied by impairment of both angiotensin signalling and antioxidant defence in the heart.
Influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis
- I González-Ortega, A González-Pinto, S Alberich, E Echeburúa, M Bernardo, B Cabrera, S Amoretti, A Lobo, C Arango, I Corripio, E Vieta, E de la Serna, R Rodriguez-Jimenez, R Segarra, JM López-Ilundain, AM Sánchez-Torres, MJ Cuesta, PEPs Group:, I Zorrilla, P López, M Bioque, G Mezquida, F Barcones, C De-la-Cámara, M Parellada, A Espliego, A Alonso-Solís, EM Grasa, C Varo, L Montejo, J Castro-Fornieles, I Baeza, M Dompablo, I Torio, A Zabala, JI Eguiluz, L Moreno-Izco, J Sanjuan, R Guirado, I Cáceres, P Garnier, F Contreras, J Bobes, S Al-Halabí, J Usall, A Butjosa, S Sarró, R Landin-Romero, A Ibáñez, G Selva
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 16 / December 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 October 2019, pp. 2702-2710
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Background
Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.
MethodsThe sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis.
ResultsAt baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (−10.215 to −0.337) and (−4.731 to −0.605) respectively).
ConclusionsCognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
Diurnal variations in glycaemic response to a low and high glycaemic index meal in elderly Chinese Singaporeans
- L. Egli, S. Haldar, C.A. De Castro, C. Darimont, K. Macé, C.J.K. Henry
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 78 / Issue OCE1 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 March 2019, E18
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Vertical distribution of mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton communities in the South-western Atlantic Ocean (23°14′1″S 40°42′19″W)
- Ana C. T. Bonecker, Cristina De O. Dias, Marcia S. De Castro, Pedro F. De Carvalho, Adriana V. Araujo, Rodolfo Paranhos, Anderson S. Cabral, Sergio L. C. Bonecker
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 99 / Issue 1 / February 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2018, pp. 51-65
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A study was conducted over eight consecutive days in February 2010 in which daily variations in the vertical distributions of heterotrophic bacteria, mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton at 1–1200 m in the South-western Atlantic Ocean were investigated. Diurnal and nocturnal samples were collected at an oceanographic station at four regional depths: Tropical Water (TW) (1 m), South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) (250 m), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (800 m) and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) (1200 m). Bacterial, mesozooplankton and larval fish densities significantly differed between sample depths but not between sampling tow times. In total, 154 zooplankton species and 18 larval fish species were identified. The highest number of taxa was obtained from the night-time TW trawls. This depth zone had the highest densities of mesozooplankton, larval fish and bacterioplankton (auto and heterotrophic), associated with the highest temperature and salinity and the lowest inorganic nutrient concentrations. Two sample groups were identified based on their mesozooplankton and larval fish compositions: night-time TW and other water masses (daytime TW, SACW, AAIW and UCDW). Thirty-two indicator species were detected in night-time TW. The copepod Nullosetigera impar was, to the best of our knowledge, identified for the first time on the Brazilian coast. Our results showed significant variability in the abundance and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton, bacterioplankton and larval fish along the water column in an oceanic area. We have provided new data and insights on the composition and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton, larval fish and bacterioplankton in deep waters in the South-western Atlantic Ocean.
A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by house mouse and black rat populations in Yucatan, Mexico
- J. A. PANTI-MAY, R. R. C. DE ANDRADE, Y. GURUBEL-GONZÁLEZ, E. PALOMO-ARJONA, L. SODÁ-TAMAYO, J. MEZA-SULÚ, M. RAMÍREZ-SIERRA, E. DUMONTEIL, V. M. VIDAL-MARTÍNEZ, C. MACHAÍN-WILLIAMS, D. DE OLIVEIRA, M. G. REIS, M. A. TORRES-CASTRO, M. R. ROBLES, S. F. HERNÁNDEZ-BETANCOURT, F. COSTA
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 145 / Issue 11 / August 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2017, pp. 2287-2295
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The house mouse (Mus musculus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus) are reservoir hosts for zoonotic pathogens, several of which cause neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Studies of the prevalence of these NTD-causing zoonotic pathogens, in house mice and black rats from tropical residential areas are scarce. Three hundred and two house mice and 161 black rats were trapped in 2013 from two urban neighbourhoods and a rural village in Yucatan, Mexico, and subsequently tested for Trypanosoma cruzi, Hymenolepis diminuta and Leptospira interrogans. Using the polymerase chain reaction we detected T. cruzi DNA in the hearts of 4·9% (8/165) and 6·2% (7/113) of house mice and black rats, respectively. We applied the sedimentation technique to detect eggs of H. diminuta in 0·5% (1/182) and 14·2% (15/106) of house mice and black rats, respectively. Through the immunofluorescent imprint method, L. interrogans was identified in 0·9% (1/106) of rat kidney impressions. Our results suggest that the black rat could be an important reservoir for T. cruzi and H. diminuta in the studied sites. Further studies examining seasonal and geographical patterns could increase our knowledge on the epidemiology of these pathogens in Mexico and the risk to public health posed by rodents.
Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Citrobacter freundii at a Tertiary Acute Care Facility in Miami, Florida
- Adriana Jiménez, José G. Castro, L. Silvia Munoz-Price, Dennise de Pascale, Luis Shimose, Mustapha M. Mustapha, Caressa N. Spychala, Roberta T. Mettus, Vaughn S. Cooper, Yohei Doi
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 3 / March 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 December 2016, pp. 320-326
- Print publication:
- March 2017
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OBJECTIVE
To describe the investigation and control of a rare cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing Citrobacter freundii in a hospital in southern Florida.
METHODSAn epidemiologic investigation, review of infection prevention procedures, and molecular studies including whole genome sequencing were conducted.
RESULTSAn outbreak of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase–3-producing C. freundii was identified at a tertiary hospital in Florida in 2014. Of the 6 cases identified, 3 occurred in the same intensive care unit and were caused by the same clone. For 2 of the 3 remaining cases, the isolates had low carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations and were unrelated by whole genome sequencing. As a response to the outbreak, supplementary environmental cleaning was implemented, including closure and terminal cleaning of the unit where the 3 cases clustered, in addition to the infection control bundle already in place at the time. No further cases were identified after these additional interventions.
CONCLUSIONSAlthough C. freundii is not a species that commonly demonstrates carbapenem resistance, our findings suggest that carbapenemase-producing C. freundii may be underdetected even when active surveillance is in place and has a potential to cause hospital outbreak.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:320–326
Inflow of atomic gas fuelling star formation
- M. J. Michałowski, G. Gentile, J. Hjorth, M. R. Krumholz, N. R. Tanvir, P. Kamphuis, D. Burlon, M. Baes, S. Basa, S. Berta, J. M. Castro Cerón, D. Crosby, V. D'Elia, J. Elliott, J. Greiner, L. K. Hunt, S. Klose, M. P. Koprowski, E. Le Floc'h, D. Malesani, T. Murphy, A. Nicuesa Guelbenzu, E. Palazzi, J. Rasmussen, A. Rossi, S. Savaglio, P. Schady, A. de Ugarte Postigo, D. Watson, P. van der Werf, S. D. Vergani, D. Xu
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 11 / Issue A29B / August 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 October 2016, pp. 229-230
- Print publication:
- August 2015
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Gamma-ray burst host galaxies are deficient in molecular gas, and show anomalous metal-poor regions close to GRB positions. Using recent Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) Hi observations we show that they have substantial atomic gas reservoirs. This suggests that star formation in these galaxies may be fuelled by recent inflow of metal-poor atomic gas. While this process is debated, it can happen in low-metallicity gas near the onset of star formation because gas cooling (necessary for star formation) is faster than the Hi-to-H2 conversion.
High sodium intake during postnatal phases induces an increase in arterial blood pressure in adult rats
- M. C. S. Moreira, E. F. da Silva, L. L. Silveira, Y. B. de Paiva, C. H. de Castro, A. H. Freiria-Oliveira, D. A. Rosa, P. M. Ferreira, C. H. Xavier, E. Colombari, Gustavo R. Pedrino
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 112 / Issue 12 / 28 December 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 October 2014, pp. 1923-1932
- Print publication:
- 28 December 2014
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Epigenetic studies suggest that diseases that develop in adulthood are related to certain conditions to which the individual is exposed during the initial stages of life. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that offspring born to mothers maintained on high-Na diets during pregnancy have higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adulthood. Although these studies have demonstrated the importance of prenatal phases to hypertension development, no evidence regarding the role of high Na intake during postnatal phases in the development of this pathology has been reported. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of Na overload during childhood on induced water and Na intakes and on cardiovascular parameters in adulthood were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in two groups of 21-d-old rats: experimental group, maintained on hypertonic saline (0·3 m-NaCl) solution and food for 60 d, and control group, maintained on tap water and food. Later, both groups were given water and food for 15 d (recovery period). After the recovery period, chronic cannulation of the right femoral artery was performed in unanaesthetised rats to record baseline MAP and heart rate (HR). The experimental group was found to have increased basal MAP (98·6 (sem 2·6) v. 118·3 (sem 2·7) mmHg, P< 0·05) and HR (365·4 (sem 12·2) v. 398·2 (sem 7·5) beats per min, P< 0·05). There was a decrease in the baroreflex index in the experimental group when compared with that in the control group. A water and Na intake test was performed using furosemide. Na depletion was found to induce an increase in Na intake in both the control and experimental groups (12·1 (sem 0·6) ml and 7·8 (sem 1·1), respectively, P< 0·05); however, this increase was of lower magnitude in the experimental group. These results demonstrate that postnatal Na overload alters behavioural and cardiovascular regulation in adulthood.
The B Fields in OB Stars (BOB) Survey
- T. Morel, N. Castro, L. Fossati, S. Hubrig, N. Langer, N. Przybilla, M. Schöller, T. Carroll, I. Ilyin, A. Irrgang, L. Oskinova, F. R. N. Schneider, S. Simon Díaz, M. Briquet, J. F. González, N. Kharchenko, M.-F. Nieva, R.-D. Scholz, A. de Koter, W.-R. Hamann, A. Herrero, J. Maíz Apellániz, H. Sana, R. Arlt, R. Barbá, P. Dufton, A. Kholtygin, G. Mathys, A. Piskunov, A. Reisenegger, H. Spruit, S.-C. Yoon
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 9 / Issue S307 / June 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 January 2015, pp. 342-347
- Print publication:
- June 2014
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The B fields in OB stars (BOB) survey is an ESO large programme collecting spectropolarimetric observations for a large number of early-type stars in order to study the occurrence rate, properties, and ultimately the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars. As of July 2014, a total of 98 objects were observed over 20 nights with FORS2 and HARPSpol. Our preliminary results indicate that the fraction of magnetic OB stars with an organised, detectable field is low. This conclusion, now independently reached by two different surveys, has profound implications for any theoretical model attempting to explain the field formation in these objects. We discuss in this contribution some important issues addressed by our observations (e.g., the lower bound of the field strength) and the discovery of some remarkable objects.
Effects of maternal separation on the dietary preference and behavioral satiety sequence in rats
- M. C. da Silva, J. A. de Souza, L. O. dos Santos, I. L. Pinheiro, T. K. F. Borba, A. A. M. da Silva, R. M. de Castro, S. L. de Souza
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- Journal:
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 5 / Issue 3 / June 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 March 2014, pp. 219-228
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This study investigated the effects of maternal separation on the feeding behavior of rats. A maternal separation model was used on postnatal day 1 (PND1), forming the following groups: in the maternal separation (MS) group, pups were separated from their mothers each day from PND1 to PND14, whereas in the control (C) group pups were kept with their mothers. Subgroups were formed to study the effects of light and darkness: control with dark and light exposure, female and male (CF and CM), and maternal separation with dark and light exposure, female and male (SDF, SDM, SLF and SLM). Female rats had higher caloric intake relative to body weight compared with male controls in the dark period only (CF=23.3±0.5 v. CM=18.2±0.7, P<0.001). Macronutrient feeding preferences were observed, with male rats exhibiting higher caloric intake from a protein diet as compared with female rats (CF=4.1±0.7, n=8 v. CM=7.0±0.5, n=8, P<0.05) and satiety development was not interrupted. Female rats had a higher adrenal weight as compared with male rats independently of experimental groups and exhibited a higher concentration of serum triglycerides (n=8, P<0.001). The study indicates possible phenotypic adjustments in the structure of feeding behavior promoted by maternal separation, especially in the dark cycle. The dissociation between the mother’s presence and milk intake probably induces adjustments in feeding behavior during adulthood.
Unlimited access to low-energy diet causes acute malnutrition in dams and alters biometric and biochemical parameters in offspring
- E. do Nascimento, G. de Santana Muniz, M. das Graças de Santana Muniz, L. de Souza Alexandre, L. S. da Rocha, C. G. Leandro, R. M. de Castro, F. Bolaños-Jimenez
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- Journal:
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / February 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 November 2013, pp. 45-55
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Here we analyze the outcomes of unlimited access to a low-energy (LE) diet in dams and their offspring. At 3 weeks’ gestation, pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (1) the control group received a normoenergetic diet; and (2) the experimental group received the LE diet. In dams, lactation outcomes, food intake, body weight, plasma IGF-1, prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were evaluated; in offspring, biometric and biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated. No differences were observed during pregnancy. However, after lactation, dams that received the LE diet demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (P<0.05), plasma IGF-1 (P=0.01), prealbumin and visceral fat (P<0.001). Pups born to dams that received the LE diet demonstrated reduced body length and weight at weaning (P<0.001) and were lighter than the control animals at the end of the experimental period. Pups also demonstrated reduced plasma, low-density lipoprotein (P=0.04), triglycerides (P=0.002) and glucose levels (P<0.05), and differences were noted in visceral fat. These results indicate that feeding dams with LE diet during the reproductive period induces acute malnutrition and impairs the growth and development of offspring, as well as certain metabolic parameters.
A GTC study of the afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration GRB 100816A
- D. Pérez-Ramírez, J.P. Norris, J. Gorosabel, A.J. Castro-Tirado, L. Hernández-García, A. de Ugarte Postigo, S. Guziy, J.C. Tello, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, P. Ferrero
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 61 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2013, pp. 345-349
- Print publication:
- 2013
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We present the results from an optical monitoring campaign aimed at studying the afterglow properties of the short GRB 100816A. We implemented a new way of processing the Swift-BAT data, and based on it we reclassified this burst as short, discarding the initial classification as long. Observations were carried out mainly with the GTC Telescope within the four following days after the burst to investigate the optical photometry of its afterglow, and a year later to localize the host. We completed the optical imaging with the 1.23 m and 3.5 m CAHA Telescopes. We built and fitted the nIR-optical SED for the characterization of the host. The best fit of the SED (χ2/d.o.f. = 1.656) obtained for assumed values of a solar metallicity, and an extinction of AV = 0.2mag is obtained for a starburst galaxy with a dominant stellar population aging about 360 Myr.
GRBS Followed-up by the bootes network
- S. Guziy, A. Castro-Tirado, M. Jelínek, J. Gorosabel, P. Kubánek, R. Cunniffe, O. Lara-Gil, O. Rabaza-Castillo, A. de Ugarte Postigo, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Tello, C. Pérez del Pulgar, S. Castillo-Carrión, J. Castro Cerón, T. de J. Mateo Sanguino, R. Hudec, S. Vitek, B. de la Morena Carretero, J. Díaz Andreu, R. Fernández-Muñoz, D. Pérez-Ramírez, P. Yock, W. Allen, I. Bond, I. Kheyfets, G. Christie, L. Sabau-Graziati, C. Cui, Y. Fan, I.H. Park
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 61 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2013, pp. 251-254
- Print publication:
- 2013
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The Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System (BOOTES), is a global robotic observatory network, which started in 1998 with Spanish leadership devoted to study optical emissions from gamma ray bursts (GRBs) that occur in the Universe. We present shot history and current status of BOOTES network. The Network philosophy, science and some details of 117 GRBs followed-up are discussed.
A novel triazolic naphthofuranquinone induces autophagy in reservosomes and impairment of mitosis in Trypanosoma cruzi
- M. C. FERNANDES, E. N. DA SILVA, JR., A. V. PINTO, S. L. DE CASTRO, R. F. S. MENNA-BARRETO
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- Parasitology / Volume 139 / Issue 1 / January 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 September 2011, pp. 26-36
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Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, represents a serious health problem in Latin America, and the available chemotherapy, which is based on 2 nitro-derivatives, is not satisfactory. In folk medicine, natural products including naphthoquinones have been employed for the treatment of different parasitic diseases. In the pursuit of alternative drugs for Chagas' disease, we investigated the mechanism of action of the triazolic naphthoquinone (TN; 2,2-dimethyl-3-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione), which is the most active compound against T. cruzi trypomastigotes among a series of naphthofuranquinones. TN was active against the 3 parasite forms producing a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. In epimastigotes, TN induced reservosome disruption, flagellar blebbing, Golgi disorganization, the presence of cytosolic concentric membrane structures and abnormal multiflagellar parasites. The treatment also led to the appearance of well-developed endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding organelles that associated with an increase in monodansylcadaverine labelling, suggesting autophagy as part of the TN mechanism of action. Interestingly, no ultrastructural damage was detected in the mitochondria of naphthoquinone-treated epimastigotes. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an impairment of mitosis, an increase in ROS production and the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential. TN could be a good starting point in the investigation of a chemotherapeutic approach for the treatment of Chagas' disease.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Development and survival of Theileria parva parva in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus exposed in the Trans-Mara, Kenya
- A. S. Young, B. L. Leitch, S. P. Morzaria, A. D. Irvin, P. L. Omwoyo, J. J. De Castro
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- Parasitology / Volume 94 / Issue 3 / June 1987
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- 06 April 2009, pp. 433-441
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Nymphal Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Trans-Mara) were fed on a steer infected with a Theileria parva parva (Kilae 1) stock isolated from an indigenous steer in the Trans-Mara Division, Kenya, which had a high piroplasm parasitaemia. A total of 5000 engorged nymphs which had dropped on one day were enclosed in elongated nylon bolting silk tubes in groups of 200–300 and were transported immediately to the Trans-Mara where they were suspended vertically in the grass cover with one end touching the ground. Over 98% of the nymphs moulted into adult ticks and 50% moult occurred by day 28 after exposure. The ticks showed over 80% survival up to 308 days post-exposure but thereafter showed a marked mortality so that only 22·5 % of the ticks were alive after 439 days. Theileria parasites were detected in the salivary glands by day 35 post-exposure and infection rates and levels increased markedly between 180 and 235 days post-exposure. Thereafter, the infection rates and levels generally decreased. Groups of ticks were triturated and the resultant supernatant fluid inoculated into pairs of susceptible cattle, and these proved infective from day 44 to 145 after exposure. Three subsequent attempts to induce infections with supernatant fluid were unsuccessful. From 294 days after exposure, groups of 50 ticks were applied to cattle and caused lethal T. p. parva infections up to 439 days post-exposure. Climatic observations showed a relatively even monthly rainfall as well as mean maximum and minimum monthly temperatures. Clean nymphal R. appendiculatus were applied to a steer infected by adult ticks exposed for 405 days and the resultant adults were incubated at 37 °C for 6 days. Supernatant fluid produced from these ticks caused a lethal T. parva infection in a susceptible steer.
Potential of ear tags impregnated with acaricides for control of the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) infesting cattle
- A. S. Young, J. J. De Castro, Casey Burns, D. L. Murphy
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- Parasitology / Volume 90 / Issue 2 / April 1985
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- 06 April 2009, pp. 391-399
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Plastic ear tags impregnated with acaricides (synthetic pyrethroids; fenvalerate, 10% (w/w); fenpropathrin, 10% (w/w); fiuvalinate, 10% (w/w); and permethrin, 8% (w/w)) were evaluated for the control of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus infesting cattle in the laboratory and field in Kenya. These controlled release devices gave excellent control of R. appendiculatus for over 20 weeks on cattle in the laboratory where they were housed mostly indoors. Fluvalinate-impregnated tags gave consistently the most rapid control of ticks, but all of the tags normally prevented feeding of the ticks on the ears of cattle. Under field conditions in the Trans-Mara Division of Kenya, excellent control of R. appendiculatus naturally infested cattle was obtained by fluvalinate-impregnated tags followed by fenpropathrin. Less impressive control was obtained by fenvalerate- and permethrin-impregnated tags, but this control was more effective than immersion of cattle in toxaphene. In contrast to the laboratory experiments, the effect of the tags on R. appendiculatus infestation waned by 58 days after application. The potential of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated tags for the control of ticks infesting cattle in Africa was demonstrated, but a more prolonged release of the active ingredients at an effective level in the field and, in some cases, a more robust tag design will have to be achieved before tick control with impregnated tags becomes a practical proposition.