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Relative validity of FFQ to assess food items, energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis
- Luisa Saravia, Maria L. Miguel-Berges, Iris Iglesia, Marcus V. Nascimento-Ferreira, Guillermo Perdomo, Isabel Bove, Betzabeth Slater, Luis A. Moreno
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 125 / Issue 7 / 14 April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 August 2020, pp. 792-818
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2021
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FFQ are one of the most widely used tools of research into nutritional epidemiology, and many studies have been conducted in several countries using this dietary assessment method. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of FFQ, in comparison with other methods, in assessing dietary intake of children and adolescents, through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) found sixty-seven articles, which met the inclusion criteria (healthy children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age; journal articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 1988 and March 2019; results showing the comparison between the FFQ with other methods of assessment of dietary intake). The articles were analysed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using correlation coefficients as estimate effects between the FFQ and the reference standard method. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. In fifty-five of the sixty-seven studies, a single dietary assessment method was used to evaluate the FFQ; nine combined the two methods and three used three reference methods. The most widely used reference method was the 24-h recall, followed by the food record. The overall relative validity of the FFQ to estimate energy, macronutrient, certain micronutrient and certain food item intakes in children and adolescents may be considered weak. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42016038706.
Abnormal Conectivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia Patients and Unaffected Relatives
- L. Galindo, F. Pastoriza, D. Guinart, N. Roe, D. Bergé, A. Mané, A. Bulbena, V. Pérez, O. Vilarroya
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Objectives
The aim of this study is to explore connectivity between Medial Prefrontal Cortex and others areas of the Default Mode Network, by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during Resting State, in subjects affected by schizophrenia and unaffected relatives.
MethodsWe recruited a group of 29 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, who were treated with atypical antipsychotics, who are and were clinically stable in the last 6 months and had an illness duration range from 5 up to 15 years. Patients who had received either electroconvulsive therapy or clozapine were excluded. We also recruited a group of 23 unaffected relatives, without history of other mental, neurological or somatic disease and a group of 37 healthy volunteers. No subject in any of the three groups met criteria for substance use disorders .
All three groups were clinically evaluated, and a functional magnetic resonance during Resting State was performed.
Functional images were reoriented to the first scan, normalized to the MNI EPI template and smoothed with an 8 mm Gaussian kernel, with SPM. The CONN-FMRI Toolbox v1.2 was used to create individual subject seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, to the corresponding seeds of the default mode network.
ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the conectivity of de Medial Prefrontal Cortex and the default mode network, in patiens and unaffected relatives.
Abnormal Conectivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia Patients and Unaffected Relatives
- L. Galindo, F. Pastoriza, D. Guinart, N. Roé, D. Bergé, A. Mané, V. Pérez, O. Vilarroya
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Objectives
The aim of this study is to explore connectivity between Medial Prefrontal Cortex and others areas of the Default Mode Network, by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during Resting State, in subjects affected by schizophrenia and unaffected relatives.
MethodsWe recruited a group of 29 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, who were treated with atypical antipsychotics, who are and were clinically stable in the last 6 months and had an illness duration range from 5 up to 15 years. Patients who had received either electroconvulsive therapy or clozapine were excluded. We also recruited a group of 23 unaffected relatives, without history of other mental, neurological or somatic disease and a group of 37 healthy volunteers. No subject in any of the three groups met criteria for substance use disorders .
All three groups were clinically evaluated, and a functional magnetic resonance during Resting State was performed.
Functional images were reoriented to the first scan, normalized to the MNI EPI template and smoothed with an 8 mm Gaussian kernel, with SPM. The CONN-FMRI Toolbox v1.2 was used to create individual subject seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, to the corresponding seeds of the default mode network.
ConclusionsThere are significants differences in the conectivity between the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and the Default Mode Network in patiens with schizophrenia and the unaffected relatives
Decreased Incidence of Readmission in First Episode Psychosis in Treatment with Long – Acting Injectable Antipsychotics
- A. Toll, A. Mané, D. Bergé, L. Gómez – Pérez, B. Samsó, V. Chavarria, V. Pérez – Solà
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Some studies have shown that more than 40% of patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) are nonadherent and treatment with long – acting antipsychotics (LAIs) could increase their compliance. However, studies on efficacy of LAIs versus oral antipsychotics for preventing relapse among schizophrenia patients have produced conflicting results.
ObjectivesWith this study we want to asses if patients with FEP in treatment with LAIs have a decreased incidence of readmission compared with patients in treatment with oral antipsychotics over 6 month follow – up.
Methods188 FEP patients were consecutively admitted to Hospital del Mar since January 2008 to September 2014. The included evaluation was, among others: sociodemographic data, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), diagnosis, substance use and clinical data at baseline. Later, antipsychotic treatment and number of admissions and of emergencies over 6 months were also recorded. We studied difference sin readmission, number of emergencies between patients on LAI and oral treatment.
ResultsWe found a significative decreased incidence of readmission (p=0,000) and a lower number of emergencies (p=0,017) in the group of FEP patients treated with LAIs versus the group treated with oral antipsychotics.
ConclusionsIn our sample, treatment with LAIs is associated with a reduced readmission rate and a lower number of emergencies in patients with FEP. This finding are agree with the results of other studies that show a significantly reduced relapse and a lowest risk of rehospitalization in FEP patients treated with LAIs.
Cortical and subcortical morphology deficits in cerebral gray matter in patients with schizophrenia and not affected siblings
- F. Pastoriza, L. Galindo, A. Mané, D. Bergé, N. Pujol, M. Picado, A. Bulbena, O. Vilarroya, V. Pérez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s249
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Objective
Explore the basis of cortical morphometry in patients with schizophrenia and non-affected siblings by Magnetic Resonance Structural analyzing cortical thickness.
MethodsTwenty-nine patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics and clinically stable in the last 6 months were recruited. Twenty-three not affected siblings of patients with schizophrenia and 37 healthy volunteers were recruited. Magnetic Resonance Structural was performed. FreeSurfer the brain imaging software package for analysis of Cortical Thickness is used. In the analysis of group differences in cortical thickness (CT) with the general linear model (GLM), the P-value was established in 0003 following the Bonferroni correction to control for multiple comparisons (seven regions of interest a priori in each hemisphere).
ResultsSignificant differences in cortical thickness between patients and healthy controls. Differences between groups were calculated by general linear model (GLM) with age and sex as covairables (Table 1).
ConclusionsIn applying the correction for multiple comparisons, differences in bilateral-lateral orbitofrontal, medial orbitofrontal-right and left temporal transverse frontal cortex are significant. Our study replicates previous findings and provides further evidence of abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions, being characteristic of schizophrenia.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
AcknowledgementsL. Galindo is a Rio-Hortega-fellowship-(ISC-III; CM14/00111).
Social withdrawal and suicide risk: A descriptive study
- A. Malagon, D. Córcoles, E. Pérez, L. Mollà, D. Bergé, A. González, M. Bellsolà, L.M. Martín, A. Bulbena, V. Pérez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S175
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Introduction
Social withdrawal is a major health problem that has been related with higher morbidity and mortality rates. There are few studies about the relationship between suicidal behavior and social isolation.
AimTo describe the existence of suicidal risk in subjects with social isolation.
MethodParticipants were 187 subjects referred to a Crisis Resolution Home Treatment because of social isolation. The inclusion criteria were: home isolation, avoiding of social situations and relationships, for at least 6 months. Suicide risk was assessed by the item of the Severity of Psychiatric Illness, dividing in four groups (from absence to high suicide risk). Socio-demographic and clinical data were also analysed.
ResultsMost cases (n = 132, 70.5%) had absence of suicide risk. They were predominantly young males in all groups. There were no statistically significant differences in sociodemographic or clinical variables. The mean age at onset of social isolation was lower in the high suicide risk group, having lower socially withdrawn period. This group had also lower rates of child abuse and suicide attempt history. The more frequent diagnosis in all groups was psychotic, affective and anxiety disorders. Those cases with mild and high suicide risk needed more frequently hospitalization.
ConclusionsSocial isolated people attended by CRHT do not have high frequency of suicide risk. Cases with higher suicide risk are younger and have a shorter period of isolation. The absence of child abuse history or previous suicide attempts contrasts with previous suicidal behavior research. These data can be influenced by the characteristics of functioning of CRHT and the small sample size.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Abnormal connectivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients and unaffected relatives
- L. Galindo, F. Pastoriza, D. Bergé, A. Mané, N. Roé, N. Pujol, M. Picado, A. Bulbena, V. Perez, O. Vilarroya
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S98-S99
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Objectives
The aim of this study is to explore connectivity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPC) by functional magnetic resonance imaging during resting state, in subjects affected by schizophrenia and unaffected relatives.
MethodsWe recruited a group of 29 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, who were treated with atypical antipsychotics, who are and were clinically stable in the last 6 months and had an illness duration range from 5 up to 15 years. We also recruited a group of 23 unaffected relatives, without history of other mental, neurological or somatic disease and a group of 37 healthy volunteers. No subject in any of the three groups met criteria for substance use disorders.
All three groups were clinically evaluated, and a functional magnetic resonance during Resting State was performed.
Functional images were reoriented to the first scan, normalized to the MNI EPI template and smoothed with an 8 mm Gaussian kernel, with SPM. The CONN-FMRI Toolbox v1.2 was used to create individual subject seed-to-voxel connectivity maps, to the corresponding seeds of the default mode network.
ResultsConclusionsOur results show a significant increase in connectivity between LDLPC and anterior prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and somatosensory association areas, especially between patients and controls. It is noteworthy to mention that we found a significant decrease in connectivity between LDLPC and supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and somatosensory association areas between unaffected relatives and controls.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prefrontal cortical thickness related to negative symptoms in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychotic patients
- D. Guinart, D. Bergé, A. Mané, L. Galindo, O. Vilarroya, V. Perez-Sola
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S197
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Introduction
A significant cortical thinning has been repeatedly observed in adult-onset first-episode schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, mostly in medial and inferior prefrontal cortices. However, it is yet unclear whether all these replicated alterations are related to any particular clinical feature.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate differences of cortical thickness in a sample of first-episode, drug-naive psychotic patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls and explore clinical correlates of these parameters regarding negative symptoms.
MethodsHigh-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 23 antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychotic patients and 26 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Clinical features were measured with the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and after a 2-month follow-up period.
ResultsNo differences were found regarding age or gender when comparing patients and controls. We found a significant cortical thinning in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex and in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex in patients compared to healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Regarding clinical performance, no correlation was found at baseline between left medial orbitofrontal nor right lateral ortitofrontal cortical thickness and scores of the negative subscale of the PANSS. However, at the 2-month evaluation clinical performances were significantly associated to the left medial orbitofrontal cortical thickness values.
ConclusionsCortical thickness alterations in prefontal cortex appear to be present at disease onset and these alterations may relate to clinical outcome. However, our findings must be considered just as exploratory. Larger longitudinal studies may help characterize, replicate and consolidate these findings.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The potential contribution of yellow cassava to dietary nutrient adequacy of primary-school children in Eastern Kenya; the use of linear programming
- Elise F Talsma, Karin J Borgonjen-van den Berg, Alida Melse-Boonstra, Eva V Mayer, Hans Verhoef, Ayşe Y Demir, Elaine L Ferguson, Frans J Kok, Inge D Brouwer
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / February 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 October 2017, pp. 365-376
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Objective
Introduction of biofortified cassava as school lunch can increase vitamin A intake, but may increase risk of other deficiencies due to poor nutrient profile of cassava. We assessed the potential effect of introducing a yellow cassava-based school lunch combined with additional food-based recommendations (FBR) on vitamin A and overall nutrient adequacy using Optifood (linear programming tool).
DesignCross-sectional study to assess dietary intakes (24 h recall) and derive model parameters (list of foods consumed, median serving sizes, food and food (sub)group frequency distributions, food cost). Three scenarios were modelled, namely daily diet including: (i) no school lunch; (ii) standard 5d school lunch with maize/beans; and (iii) 5d school lunch with yellow cassava. Each scenario and scenario 3 with additional FBR were assessed on overall nutrient adequacy using recommended nutrient intakes (RNI).
SettingEastern Kenya.
SubjectsPrimary-school children (n 150) aged 7–9 years.
ResultsBest food pattern of yellow cassava-based lunch scenario achieved 100 % RNI for six nutrients compared with no lunch (three nutrients) or standard lunch (five nutrients) scenario. FBR with yellow cassava and including small dried fish improved nutrient adequacy, but could not ensure adequate intake of fat (52 % of average requirement), riboflavin (50 % RNI), folate (59 % RNI) and vitamin A (49 % RNI).
ConclusionsIntroduction of yellow cassava-based school lunch complemented with FBR potentially improved vitamin A adequacy, but alternative interventions are needed to ensure dietary adequacy. Optifood is useful to assess potential contribution of a biofortified crop to nutrient adequacy and to develop additional FBR to address remaining nutrient gaps.
Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium
- E. Walton, D. P. Hibar, T. G. M. van Erp, S. G. Potkin, R. Roiz-Santiañez, B. Crespo-Facorro, P. Suarez-Pinilla, N. E. M. van Haren, S. M. C. de Zwarte, R. S. Kahn, W. Cahn, N. T. Doan, K. N. Jørgensen, T. P. Gurholt, I. Agartz, O. A. Andreassen, L. T. Westlye, I. Melle, A. O. Berg, L. Morch-Johnsen, A. Færden, L. Flyckt, H. Fatouros-Bergman, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project Consortium (KaSP), E. G. Jönsson, R. Hashimoto, H. Yamamori, M. Fukunaga, N. Jahanshad, P. De Rossi, F. Piras, N. Banaj, G. Spalletta, R. E. Gur, R. C. Gur, D. H. Wolf, T. D. Satterthwaite, L. M. Beard, I. E. Sommer, S. Koops, O. Gruber, A. Richter, B. Krämer, S. Kelly, G. Donohoe, C. McDonald, D. M. Cannon, A. Corvin, M. Gill, A. Di Giorgio, A. Bertolino, S. Lawrie, T. Nickson, H. C. Whalley, E. Neilson, V. D. Calhoun, P. M. Thompson, J. A. Turner, S. Ehrlich
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 1 / January 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 May 2017, pp. 82-94
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Background
Our understanding of the complex relationship between schizophrenia symptomatology and etiological factors can be improved by studying brain-based correlates of schizophrenia. Research showed that impairments in value processing and executive functioning, which have been associated with prefrontal brain areas [particularly the medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC)], are linked to negative symptoms. Here we tested the hypothesis that MOFC thickness is associated with negative symptom severity.
MethodsThis study included 1985 individuals with schizophrenia from 17 research groups around the world contributing to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Cortical thickness values were obtained from T1-weighted structural brain scans using FreeSurfer. A meta-analysis across sites was conducted over effect sizes from a model predicting cortical thickness by negative symptom score (harmonized Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores).
ResultsMeta-analytical results showed that left, but not right, MOFC thickness was significantly associated with negative symptom severity (βstd = −0.075; p = 0.019) after accounting for age, gender, and site. This effect remained significant (p = 0.036) in a model including overall illness severity. Covarying for duration of illness, age of onset, antipsychotic medication or handedness weakened the association of negative symptoms with left MOFC thickness. As part of a secondary analysis including 10 other prefrontal regions further associations in the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and pars opercularis emerged.
ConclusionsUsing an unusually large cohort and a meta-analytical approach, our findings point towards a link between prefrontal thinning and negative symptom severity in schizophrenia. This finding provides further insight into the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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- By Syed Z. Ali, Rose Anton, Güliz A. Barkan, Natasha Berg, Joan F. Cangiarella, Richard L. Cantley, Rosa M. Dávila, Tarik M. Elsheikh, Paolo Gattuso, Blythe K. Gorman, Umesh Kapur, Walid E. Khalbuss, Lester J. Layfield, Pascale Levine, Xiaoqi Lin, Amy A. Lo, Shahla Masood, Claire W. Michael, Ritu Nayar, Ajit Paintal, Anil V. Parwani, Telma C. Pereira, Vijaya B. Reddy, Marilin Rosa, Reda S. Saad, Jan F. Silverman, Aylin Simsir, Luan D. Truong, Julianne M. Ubago, Eva M. Wojcik, Lourdes R. Ylagan, Mohammad M. Yousef, Jing Zhai
- Edited by Paolo Gattuso, Rush University, Chicago, Vijaya B. Reddy, Rush University, Chicago, Shahla Masood
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- Differential Diagnosis in Cytopathology
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- 05 December 2014
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- 04 December 2014, pp viii-x
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Using Mixed Methods to Assess Pediatric Disaster Preparedness in the Hospital Setting
- Rita V. Burke, Tae Y. Kim, Shelby L. Bachman, Ellen I. Iverson, Bridget M. Berg
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- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 29 / Issue 6 / December 2014
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- 21 October 2014, pp. 569-575
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- December 2014
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Introduction
Children are particularly vulnerable during disasters and mass-casualty incidents. Coordinated multi-hospital training exercises may help health care facilities prepare for pediatric disaster victims.
ProblemThe purpose of this study was to use mixed methods to assess the disaster response of three hospitals, focusing on pediatric disaster victims.
MethodsA full-functional disaster exercise involving a simulated 7.8-magnitude earthquake was conducted at three Los Angeles (California USA) hospitals, one of which is a freestanding designated Level I Pediatric Trauma Center. Exercise participants provided quantitative and qualitative feedback regarding their perceptions of pediatric disaster response during the exercise in the form of surveys and interviews. Additionally, trained observers provided qualitative feedback and recommendations regarding aspects of emergency response during the exercise, including communication, equipment and supplies, pediatric safety, security, and training.
ResultsAccording to quantitative participant feedback, the disaster exercise enhanced respondents’ perceived preparedness to care for the pediatric population during a mass-casualty event. Further, qualitative feedback from exercise participants and observers revealed opportunities to improve multiple aspects of emergency response, such as communication, equipment availability, and physician participation. Additionally, participants and observers reported opportunities to improve safety and security of children, understanding of staff roles and responsibilities, and implementation of disaster triage exercises.
ConclusionConsistent with previous investigations of pediatric disaster preparedness, evaluation of the exercise revealed several opportunities for all hospitals to improve their ability to respond to the needs of pediatric victims. Quantitative and qualitative feedback from both participants and observers was useful for comprehensively assessing the exercise's successes and obstacles. The present study has identified several opportunities to improve the current state of all hospitals’ pediatric disaster preparedness, through increased training on pediatric disaster triage methods and additional training on the safety and security of children. Regular assessment and evaluation of supplies, equipment, leadership assignments, and inter-hospital communication is also suggested to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of response to pediatric victims in a disaster.
. ,Burke RV ,Kim TY ,Bachman SL ,Iverson EI .Berg BM Using Mixed Methods to Assess Pediatric Disaster Preparedness in the Hospital Setting . Prehosp Disaster Med.2014 ;29 (6 ):1 -7
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- By Sofya Abazyan, Saskia S. Arndt, Jonathon C. Arnold, Sandra Beeské, Odd-Geir Berge, Valerie J. Bolivar, David Borchelt, Marie-Françoise Chesselet, Yoon H. Cho, Angelo Contarino, John C. Crabbe, Wim E. Crusio, Bianca De Filippis, Mara Dierssen, Stephanie C. Dulawa, Emily C. Eastwood, Haim Einat, Raul R. Gainetdinov, David Gordon, Guy Griebel, F. Scott Hall, John H. Harkness, Christopher Janus, Zhengping Jia, Nirit Kara, Tim Karl, Martien J. H. Kas, Federica Klaus, Robert Lalonde, Glenda Lassi, Giovanni Laviola, Iddo Magen, Stephen C. Maxson, Douglas Ashley Monks, Rebecca E. Nordquist, Lucy R. Osborne, Tamara J. Phillips, Alisdair R. Philp, Marina R. Picciotto, Susanna Pietropaolo, Mikhail V. Pletnikov, Christopher R. Pryce, James L. Resnick, Laura Ricceri, Frans Sluyter, Emily Y. Smith, Ichiro Sora, Tatyana D. Sotnikova, Rebecca C. Steiner, Ortrud K. Steinlein, Catherine Strazielle, Enejda Subashi, Ashlyn Swift-Gallant, Aki Takahashi, Kevin Talbot, Stewart Thompson, Valter Tucci, F. Josef van der Staay, Gertjan van Dijk, Nancy S. Woehrle
- Edited by Susanna Pietropaolo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Frans Sluyter, University of Portsmouth, Wim E. Crusio, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
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- Behavioral Genetics of the Mouse
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- 05 October 2014
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AN OUTBREAK OF AEROPEDELLUS CLAVATUS (THOMAS) (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE)1
- L. C. Paul, V. L. Berg
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- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 80 / Issue 1-12 / January 1948
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- 31 May 2012, pp. 174-175
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In west-central Saskatchewan at a single location 18 miles southwest of Laporte, Aeropedellus clavotus (Thomas) appeared in outbreak numbers and destroyed 300 acres of crop in 1936.
The outbreak was resrictcd to two adjoining fields each of 300 acres, but the two differed widely in the amount of damage. These fields were adjacent to the South Saskatchewan River, with a mile of prairie extending down to the river on one side and two section of native prairie on the other. The soil at this location is heavy clay, which is typical of the district.
THE EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF THE BEE FLY, SYSTOECHUS VULGARIS LOEW, (DIPTERA, BOMBYLIIDAE), A PREDATOR OF GRASSHOPPER EGG PODS
- V. L. Berg
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- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 72 / Issue 9 / September 1940
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- 31 May 2012, pp. 169-178
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During the grasshopper egg surveys conducted in Saskatchewan by the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Saskatoon since 1932, bee fly larvae were commonly found destroying grasshopper egg pods. In the early years of these annual surveys little was known regarding the species, life-history or economic importance of these larvae. This prompted a study of the bionomics of the species, subsequently determined as Systoechus vulgaris Loew, and a morphological study of its immature stages.
Phaenopria popei (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Reared from Puparia of Sciomyzid Flies1
- L. V. Knutson, C. O. Berg
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- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 95 / Issue 7 / July 1963
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- 31 May 2012, pp. 724-726
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Four females of Phaenopria popei oviposited into a one-day-old puparium of Dictya sp. Adult progeny emerged 18 days later at 19-25 °C. Host flies include Dictya, Elgiva, and Sepedon, and probably Tetanocera (all Sciomyzidae).
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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- By Jennifer Alvarez, Ananda B. Amstadter, Metin Başoğlu, David M. Benedek, Charles C. Benight, George A. Bonanno, Evelyn J. Bromet, Richard A. Bryant, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, M. L. Somchai Chakkraband, Claude Chemtob, Roman Cieslak, Lauren M. Conoscenti, Joan M. Cook, Judith Cukor, Carla Kmett Danielson, JoAnn Difede, Charles DiMaggio, Anja J.E. Dirkzwager, Cristiane S. Duarte, Jon D. Elhai, Diane L. Elmore, Yael L.E. Errera, Julian D. Ford, Carol S. Fullerton, Sandro Galea, Freya Goodhew, Neil Greenberg, Lindsay Greene, Linda Grievink, Michael J. Gruber, Sumati Gupta, Johan M. Havenaar, Alesia O. Hawkins, Clare Henn-Haase, Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, Christina W. Hoven, Sabra S. Inslicht, Krzysztof Kaniasty, Ronald C. Kessler, Rachel Kimerling, Richard V. King, Rolf J. Kleber, Jessica Mass Levitt, Brett T. Litz, Maria Livanou, Katelyn P. Mack, Paula Madrid, Shira Maguen, Paul Maguire, Donald J. Mandell, Charles R. Marmar, Andrea R. Maxwell, Shannon E. McCaslin, Alexander C. McFarlane, Thomas J. Metzler, Summer Nelson, Yuval Neria, Elana Newman, Thomas C. Neylan, Fran H. Norris, Carol S. North, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Benjaporn Panyayong, Maria Petukhova, Betty Pfefferbaum, Marleen Radigan, Beverley Raphael, James Rodriguez, G. James Rubin, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Ebru Şalcıoğlu, Nancy A. Sampson, Arieh Y. Shalev, Bruce Shapiro, Laura M. Stough, Prawate Tantipiwatanaskul, Warunee Thienkrua, Phebe Tucker, J. Blake Turner, Robert J. Ursano, Bellis van den Berg, Peter G. van der Velden, Frits van Griensven, Miranda Van Hooff, Edward Waldrep, Philip S. Wang, Simon Wessely, Leslie H. Wind, C. Joris Yzermans, Heidi M. Zinzow
- Edited by Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Sandro Galea, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Fran H. Norris
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- Book:
- Mental Health and Disasters
- Published online:
- 07 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 20 July 2009, pp xi-xvi
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Biology of snail-killing flies from Africa and southern Spain (Sciomyzidae: Sepedon)*†
- L. V. Knutson, S. E. Neff, C. O. Berg
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 57 / Issue 3 / August 1967
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 487-505
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Sepedon h. hispanica was collected in freshwater marshes in southern Spain and reared through its entire life-cycle in the laboratory.
Larvae of this species differ from those of the twenty-one other reared species of Sepedon in not normally invading water, feeding as parasitoids throughout the first half of larval life (that is, permitting their food snails to live for several days), and in restricting their diet to the genus Succinea during that time.
Each newly hatched larva of S. h. hispanica crawls between the mantle and foot of a living Succinea elegans, S. pfeifferi or S. putris and remains there while developing into or completely through the second larval instar.
After the death of the first food snail the larva becomes predatory and loses its host specificity. Then it attacks a wide range of pulmonate snails, kills each victim quickly, and destroys a series of individuals belonging to species of Succinea, Lymnaea and Physa.
Adults of S. ruficeps and S. scapularis were reared from larvae and pupae collected in Ethiopia.
The larvae of both African species are aquatic predators which kill and consume various pulmonate snails unselectively. They are equivalent ecologically to all other larvae of Sepedon previously described.
The egg, three larval instars, and puparium of S. h. hispanica, and the mature larvae and puparia of S. ruficeps and S. scapularis, are described and figured.
A key is presented to immature stages of the Palaearctic species of Sepedon.
We wish to thank Dr W. C. Frohne, Alaska Methodist University, Anchorage, Alaska for collecting and rearing Sepedon ruficeps and S. scapularis. Dr E. Morales Agacino, Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid; Dr M. Mendizabol, Dr J. Verdejo and D. J. Paris Lopez, Instituto de Acclimatacion, Almeria; and Professor Dr I. Docavo Alberti and Dr B. Llopis Minguez, University of Valencia, aided during the senior author's field-work in Spain. We thank Dr J. Verbeke, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, for determinations and distributional data; Mr L. W. Stratton, Harpenden, England, and Dr H. J. Walter, Dayton, Ohio, Museum of Natural History, for determinations of Gastropoda; and Mrs L. Lyneborg, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, for Fig. 25.
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