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78 Preliminary Exploration of a Novel Speech Analysis Algorithm to Detect Cognitive Impairment in a Spanish Population
- Alyssa N Kaser, Jeff Schaffert, Munro Cullum, Javier Jimenez-Raboso, Pablo de la Guardia, Peru Gabirondo, Alberto J Coca, Laura Lacritz
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 482-483
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Objective:
Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is crucial for initiation of treatment and access to appropriate care. While comprehensive neuropsychological assessment is often an intrinsic part of the diagnostic process, access to services may be limited and cannot be utilized effectively on a large scale. For these reasons, cognitive screening instruments are used as brief and cost-effective methods to identify individuals who require further evaluation. Novel technologies and automated software systems to screen for cognitive changes in older individuals are evolving as new avenues for early detection. The present study presents preliminary data on a new technology that uses automated linguistic analysis software to screen for MCI and dementia.
Participants and Methods:Data were collected from 148 Spanish-speaking individuals recruited in Spain (MAge=74.4, MEducation=12.93, 56.7% females) of whom 78 were diagnosed as cognitively normal [CN; Mmmse = 28.51 (1.39)], 49 as MCI [MMMSE = 25.65 (2.94)], and 21 as all-cause dementia [MMMSE = 22.52 (2.06)]. Participants were recorded performing various verbal tasks [Animal fluency, phonemic (F) fluency, Cookie Theft Description, and CERAD list learning task]. Recordings were processed via text-transcription and sound signal processing techniques to capture neuropsychological variables and audio characteristics. Features from each task were used in the development of an algorithm (for that task) to compute a score between 0 or 1 (healthy to more impairment), and a fifth algorithm was constructed using audio characteristics from all tasks. These five classifiers were combined algorithmically to provide the final algorithm. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine sensitivity and specificity of predicted algorithm performance [CN vs. impaired (MCI or dementia)] against clinical diagnoses, and additional general linear modeling was used to test whether age, sex, education, and multilingualism significantly predicted logistically transformed weighted algorithm scores.
Results:Scores were transformed to logit scores, with significant differences in mean logit scores between all groups (p <.001). Logit-inverse transformation of mean logit scores (possible range 0 -1) resulted in values of 0.06 for CN, 0.90 for MCI, and 0.99 for all-cause dementia groups. ROC curve analyses revealed the algorithm obtained a total area under the curve of 0.92, with an overall accuracy of 86.8%, a sensitivity of 0.92, and specificity of 0.82. Age was identified as a significant predictor (beta = 0.22; p <0.01) of algorithm output, whereas years of education (beta = -0.04; p = 0.64), sex (beta = 0.38; p = 0.02, did not survive correction for type-1 error), and multilingualism (beta = -0.24; p = 0.22) were non-significant.
Conclusions:These findings provide initial support for the utility of an automated speech analysis algorithm to detect cognitive impairment quickly and efficiently in a Spanish-speaking population. Although sociodemographic variables were not included in the algorithm, age significantly predicted algorithm output, and should be further explored to determine if age-adjusted formulas would improve algorithm accuracy for younger versus older individuals. Additional research is needed to validate this novel methodology in other languages, as this may represent a promising cross-cultural screening method for MCI and dementia detection.
Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol baseline plasma concentrations and their clinical correlate in gambling disorder
- Isabel Baenas, Neus Solé-Morata, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Mitona Pujadas, Bernat Mora-Maltas, Ignacio Lucas, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Laura Moragas, Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez, Javier Tapia, Rafael de la Torre, Marc N. Potenza, Susana Jiménez-Murcia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 November 2023, e97
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Introduction
Different components of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system such as their most well-known endogenous ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), have been implicated in brain reward pathways. While shared neurobiological substrates have been described among addiction-related disorders, information regarding the role of this system in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD) is scarce.
AimsFasting plasma concentrations of AEA and 2-AG were analyzed in individuals with GD at baseline, compared with healthy control subjects (HC). Through structural equation modeling, we evaluated associations between endocannabinoids and GD severity, exploring the potentially mediating role of clinical and neuropsychological variables.
MethodsThe sample included 166 adult outpatients with GD (95.8% male, mean age 39 years old) and 41 HC. Peripheral blood samples were collected after overnight fasting to assess AEA and 2-AG concentrations (ng/ml). Clinical (i.e., general psychopathology, emotion regulation, impulsivity, personality) and neuropsychological variables were evaluated through a semi-structured clinical interview and psychometric assessments.
ResultsPlasma AEA concentrations were higher in patients with GD compared with HC (p = .002), without differences in 2-AG. AEA and 2-AG concentrations were related to GD severity, with novelty-seeking mediating relationships.
ConclusionsThis study points to differences in fasting plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids between individuals with GD and HC. In the clinical group, the pathway defined by the association between the concentrations of endocannabinoids and novelty-seeking predicted GD severity. Although exploratory, these results could contribute to the identification of potential endophenotypic features that help optimize personalized approaches to prevent and treat GD.
Do attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms influence treatment outcome in gambling disorder?
- C. Vintró-Alcaraz, G. Mestre-Bach, R. Granero, M. Gómez-Peña, L. Moragas, F. Fernández-Aranda, M. N. Potenza, S. Jiménez-Murcia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S58-S59
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Introduction
Numerous studies point to the comorbidity between gambling disorder (GD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is a lack of research exploring how ADHD symptoms might influence psychological treatment outcomes for GD.
ObjectivesTherefore, we aimed to explore differences between patients with GD with and without ADHD symptoms regarding psychopathology, personality, sociodemographic and especially treatment outcome measures.
MethodsThis longitudinal study included n=170 patients with GD receiving 16 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a specialized unit of a public hospital. Multiple self-reported instruments were used to assess GD severity, personality, ADHD and other symptoms and sociodemographic measures prior to treatment.
ResultsA clinical profile characterized by greater GD severity, higher psychopathology and impulsivity, and less adaptive personality features was observed in patients with self-reported ADHD symptoms compared to those without. No significant differences in treatment response (measured by dropout and relapse rates) were reported between the two groups. However, patients with ADHD symptoms described more severe relapses (more money gambled) and GD patients who relapsed scored higher on measures of ADHD, particularly inattention.
ConclusionsIndividuals with GD and ADHD may experience more severe relapses following treatment, suggesting a need for more vigilant follow-up and interventions for patients with this comorbidity.
Disclosure of InterestC. Vintró-Alcaraz: None Declared, G. Mestre-Bach: None Declared, R. Granero: None Declared, M. Gómez-Peña: None Declared, L. Moragas: None Declared, F. Fernández-Aranda Consultant of: Novo Nordisk and editorial honoraria as EIC from Wiley, M. Potenza Consultant of: Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, AXA, Game Day Data, Baria-Tek and the Addiction Policy Forum; has been involved in a patent application with Yale University and Novartis; has received research support (to Yale) from Mohegan Sun Casino and Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling; and has consulted for and/or advised gambling and legal entities on issues related to impulse-control/addictive disorders, S. Jiménez-Murcia: None Declared
Association between adverse childhood experiences and the number of suicide attempts in lifetime
- J. Andreo-Jover, E. Fernandez-Jimenez, J. Curto-Ramos, N. Angarita-Osorio, N. Roberto, A. De la Torre-Luque, A. Cebria, M. Diaz-Marsa, M. Ruiz-Veguillla, J. B. Bobes Garcia, M. Fe Bravo Ortiz, V. Perez Solá
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S561-S562
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Introduction
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), defined as abuse, neglect, or a dysfunctional household in childhood, have been associated with suicidality (Fjeldsted et al., 2020). Every type of ACE has a direct impact on suicide ideation, self-harm and/or suicide attempt (Angelakis et al., 2019).
ObjectivesWe aim to quantify the association between types of ACEs (including emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) and the number of suicide attempts in lifetime.
MethodsWe included 748 patients who attempted suicide at least once. They were asked to complete the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Logistic regression models were run to assess the association between each ACE type and the number of suicide attempts.
ResultsPoisson univariate regression analyses show a linear trend in the relationship between having a higher number of suicide attempts and having suffered every ACE type in childhood (p<0.05). Our results show a lower percentage of previous suicide attempts among participants without ACEs, and an increasing tendency among patients with various types of ACEs. The rate of ACEs types is significantly higher in the group with previous suicide attempts than in the first-attempt group (p=0.000).
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ConclusionsThis study contributes to clarify the role of childhood trauma in the number of suicide attempts in lifetime. This has important implications for reducing suicide rates, and preventing future re-attempts. Further studies analysing every construct of childhood trauma may contribute to the detection of suicidal behaviour.
FundingsThis work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant number: PI19/00941 SURVIVE) and co-funded by the European Union (grant numbers: COV20/00988, PI17/00768), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Societal Challenges (grant number: 101016127), and the Fundación Española de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental
AcknowledgementsSURVIVE project (PI19/00941)
KeywordsSuicide attempt, Adverse Childhood Experiences
ReferencesAngelakis, I., Gillespie, E. L., & Panagioti, M. (2019). Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: A comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 49(7), 1057-1078. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718003823
Fjeldsted, R., Teasdale, T. W., & Bach, B. (2020). Childhood trauma, stressful life events, and suicidality in Danish psychiatric outpatients. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 74(4), 280-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1702096
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
DOCTOR, I’M PREGNANT. Psychopharmacological treatment of depression in pregnant women. A clinical case of a pregnant woman and major depressive disorder
- M. Queipo De Llano De La Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, C. Vallecillo Adame, C. De Andrés Lobo, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. Fernández Lozano, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco, N. De Uribe Viloria
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1011
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Introduction
Depression during pregnancy can appear with a prevalence of up to 11% of pregnant women. Psychotherapeutic treatment in these cases is considered the first option, but treatment with antidepressants is sometimes required in these cases.
ObjectivesTo present a clinical case of a pregnant patient diagnosed with depression.
MethodsLiterature review of the psychopharmacological treatment of depression during pregnancy and possible complications.
ResultsA 25y Year old woman, 22 weeks pregnant, who lives with her partner. She has no background in mental health. Paternal aunt diagnosed with type I Bipolar Disorder. She goes to the Mental Health Center for evaluation, due to anxiety and depressive symptoms of 4 weeks of evolution, she refers sadness and apathy, continuous crying, somatic anxiety and obsessive ruminations in relation to childbirth and inability to care for your child. Suicidal ideation as a resolution of her discomfort. She presents with global insomnia and a significant loss of appetite, with a weight loss of 3 kg. Treatment with sertraline 50 mg/day was started, with good tolerance and clinical response
ConclusionsThe psychopharmacological treatment of antenatal depression is a challenge for the psychiatric professional. In all cases, an adequate balance must be made between the risks and complications for the fetus and the psychopathological stability of the pregnant woman. Among the main risks of untreated depression are: preterm delivery and low birth weight, an increased risk of suicide and alterations in the development during the baby’s infancy. The most used antidepressants are the SSRIs, with sertraline being a good option. Paroxetine has been associated with cardiac defects in the newborn. There are studies with tricyclics and duals but no specific teratogenic pattern has been seen. They are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Exposure during the third trimester may be associated with obstetric complications.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Clinical experience with clozapine in patients with severe intellectual disability and behavioral disorders.
- N. Laherrán Cantera, R. Palacios-Garrán, L. Jiménez Suarez, C. Rodriguez Martín, J. Machuca Sicilia
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S149
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Introduction
It is estimated that the prevalence of severe Intellectual Disability (ID) is 6 per 1,000 people. ID is sometimes the cause of Behavioral Disorders (BD) with aggressive and impulsive behaviors that make family and social life difficult. However, despite its high prevalence, the number of studies on it is very scarce.
When BD appears, it should be evaluated if there is a physical or psychiatric cause that causes it and assess non-pharmacological treatments. If they are insufficient, treatments such as risperidone are used to manage BD. When these are ineffective, the use of drugs with greater difficulties in their effects and clinical management, such as clozapine, is required.
ObjectivesThe objective is to describe the use of clozapine in patients with severe ID associated with BD.
MethodsRetrospective descriptive study. Patients older than 18 years with severe ID and BD, treated with clozapine for at least two years were included. Those with medical or psychiatric comorbidity were excluded.
ResultsThe sample consisted of 12 patients, 16.67% women (n=2) and 83.33% men (n=10), aged 47.57±9.27 years. Prior to the introduction of clozapine, a mean of 2.67±1.21 antipsychotics had been tested. The mean dose of clozapine was 264.24±70.50 mg/day. The patients had received treatment for 51.57±25.67 months, following the usual controls. None had hematological adverse effects or other serious adverse effects.
ConclusionsClozapine can be an effective and safe therapeutic alternative in the treatment of BD in intellectual disabled patients which do not respond to other treatments. The clinical benefits of clozapine treatment seem to outweigh the potential risks associated with the treatment. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of clozapine in patients with intellectual disabilities.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Efficacy of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in recurrent depression: a case series
- G. Guerra Valera, Ó. Martín Santiago, M. Esperesate Pajares, Q. D. L. de la Viuda, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, C. Vallecillo Adame, C. de Andrés Lobo, T. Jiménez Aparicio, N. Navarro Barriga, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, A. Aparicio Parras, M. Calvo Valcárcel, M. A. Andreo Vidal, P. Martínez Gimeno, M. P. Pando Fernández, M. D. L. Á. Guillén Soto
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S832
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Introduction
Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) is an option in the treatment of affective disorders which progress is not satisfactory. It is certainly neglected and underused during the clinical practice.
ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of mECT in reducing recurrence and relapse in recurrent depression within a sample of three patients.
MethodsWe followed up these patients among two years since they received the first set of electroconvulsive sessions. We applied the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in the succesives consultations for evaluating the progress.
ResultsThe three patients were diagnosed with Recurrent Depressive Disorder (RDD). One of them is a 60 year old man that received initially a cycle of 12 sessions; since then he received 10 maintenance sessions. Other one is a 70 year old woman that received initially a cycle of 10 sessions; since then she received 6 maintenance sessions. The last one is a 55 year old woman that received initially a cycle of 14 sessions; since then she received 20 maintenance sessions.
All of them showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms evaluated through BDI and clinical examination. In the first case, we found a reduction in the BDI from the first consultation to the last that goes from 60 to 12 points; in the second case, from 58 to 8 points; and in the last case, from 55 to 10 points. The main sections that improved were emotional, physical and delusional.
As side-effects of the treatment, we found anterograde amnesia, lack of concentration and loss of focus at all of them.
ConclusionsWe find mECT as a very useful treatment for resistant cases of affective disorders like RDD.
It should be considered as a real therapeutic option when the first option drugs have been proved without success.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
UNTIL IT BURSTS OR ALL OF US BURST. A SCHIZOTYPICAL CASE.
- B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, N. Navarro Barriga, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, M. A. Andreo Vidal, M. Calvo Valcárcel, P. Martínez Gimeno, M. P. Pando Fernández, A. Aparicio Parras, M. D. L. Á. Guillén Soto, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. D. C. Vallecillo Adame, C. de Andrés Lobo, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, G. Guerra Valera, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, M. Esperesate Pajares
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S967
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Introduction
Schizotypal disorder is conceptualized as a stable personality pathology (Cluster A) and as a latent manifestation of schizophrenia. It can be understood as an attenuated form of psychosis or high-risk mental state, which may precede the onset of schizophrenia or represent a more stable form of psychopathology that doesn’t necessarily progress to psychosis.
ObjectivesTo exemplify the continuum of psychosis
MethodsReview of scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.
Results39-year-old male living with his parents. He started studying philosophy. He is a regular cannabis user and has an aunt with schizophrenia. He’s admitted to psychiatry for behavioral disturbance in public. He refers to having been hearing a beeping noise in his street for months, what he interprets as a possible way of being watched due to his past ideology. Without specifying who and why, he sometimes shouts “until it bursts” to stop the noise and he thinks that his neighbours alerted the police about his behavior. During the interview he alludes to Milgram’s experiment, saying that throughout history there have been crimes against humanity and those who pointed them out were labeled “crazy”. His father refers that he has always been “strange” and with certain extravagant revolutionary ideas and thoughts. He doesn’t maintain social relationships and dedicates himself to reading and writing.
ConclusionsIt’s important to understand psychosis as a continuum to advance the understanding of etiology, pathophysiology and resilience of psychotic disorders and to develop strategies for prevention and early intervention
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Delirious episode secondary to rotigotine: the psychotic patch
- M. A. Andreo Vidal, M. Calvo Valcárcel, P. Martínez Gimeno, P. Pando Fernández, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, N. Navarro Barriga, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. D. C. Valdecillo Adame, C. de Andrés Lobo, G. Guerra Valera, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, A. A. Gonzaga Ramirez, M. D. L. Á. Guillén Soto, A. Aparicio Parras, M. Esperesate Pajares
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S626
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Introduction
There is a fine line separating psychiatry and neurology. Most movement disorders can have psychiatric symptoms, not only those caused by the disease itself, but also those induced by the drugs used to treat them.
ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case about a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease presenting a several-month-long delirious episode due to dopaminergic drugs.
MethodsLiterature review on drug-induced psychosis episodes in Parkinson’s disease.
ResultsA 57-year-old patient with diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease for six years, who went to the emergency room accompanied by his wife due to delirious ideation. He was being treated with levodopa, carbidopa and rasagiline for years, and rotigotine patches whose dosage was being increased over the last few months.
His wife reported celotypical clinical manifestations and multiple interpretations of different circumstances occurring around her. He chased her on the street, had downloaded an app to look for a second cell phone because he believed she was cheating on him, and was obsessed with sex. He had no psychiatric background. It was decided to prescribe quetiapine.
The following day, he returned because he refused to take the medication since he thought he was going to be put to sleep or poisoned. It was decided to admit him to Psychiatry.
During the stay, rasagiline and rotigotine were suspended. Olanzapine and clozapine were introduced, with behavioral improvement and distancing from the psychotic symptoms which motivated the admission. The patient was also motorically stable. Although levodopa is best known for causing psychotic episodes, the symptons were attributed to rotigotine patches for temporally overlapping the dose increase.
ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms are the third most frequent group of complications in Parkinson’s disease after gastrointestinal complications and abnormal movements. All medication used to control motor disorders can lead to psychosis, not only dopaminergics, but also selegiline, amantadine and anticholinergics.
Excessive stimulation of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways can lead to psychosis, which is the most common psychiatric problem related to dopaminergic treatment.
In the face of a psychotic episode, antiparkinsonian drugs which are not strictly necessary for motor control should be withdrawn. If this is not sufficient, levodopa dose should be reduced, considering the side effects that may occur. When the adjustment of antiparkinsonian treatment is not effective, neuroleptics, especially quetiapine or clozapine, should be administered. In a recent study, pimavanserin, a serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist, was associated with approximately 35% lower mortality than atypical antipsychotic use during the first 180 days of treatment in community-dwelling patients.
Medication should always be tailor-made to suit each patient and we usually have to resort to lowering or withdrawing the dopaminergic medication.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Bipolar disorder and substance use: Risk factors and prognosis
- M. Fernández Lozano, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, N. Navarro Barriga, C. Vallecillo Adame, C. de Andrés Lobo, T. Jimenez Aparicio, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, M. P. Pando Fernández, M. Calvo Valcárcel, M. A. Andreo Vidal, P. Martínez Gimeno
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S704
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Introduction
Bipolar disorder comorbidity rates are the highest among the major mental disorders. In addition to other intoxicants, alcohol is the most abused substance because it is socially accepted and can be legally bought and consumed. Estimates are between 40-70% with male predominance, which further influences the severity with a more complicated course of both disorders.
ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to highlight the impact of substance use on the course and prognosis of bipolar disorder, as well as to make a differential diagnosis of a manic episode in this context.
MethodsBibliographic review of scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.
ResultsWe present the case of a 45-year-old male patient. Single with no children. Unemployed. History of drug use since he was young: alcohol, cannabis and amphetamines. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 2012 after a manic episode that required hospital admission. During his evolution he presented two depressive episodes that required psychopharmacological treatment and follow-up by his psychiatrist of reference. Since then, he has been consuming alcohol and amphetamines occasionally, with a gradual increase until it became daily in the last month. He went to the emergency department for psychomotor agitation after being found in the street. He reported feeling threatened by a racial group presenting accelerated speech, insomnia and increased activity.
ConclusionsThe presence of substance abuse complicates the clinical presentation, treatment and development of bipolar disorder. It is associated with a worse prognosis with multiple negative consequences including worsening symptom severity, increased risk of suicide and hospitalization, increased medical morbidity and complication of social problems. In addition, this comorbidity delays both the diagnosis and treatment, by masking the symptoms, and making more difficult an adequate differential diagnosis.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
I don’t know where I’m going or where I come from. Self-disorders in schizophrenia.
- M. D. C. Vallecillo Adame, L. Rodríguez Andrés, C. de Andrés Lobo, T. Jimenez Aparicio, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramirez, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, N. Navarro Barriga, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. P. Pando Fernández, M. Calvo Valcárcel, P. Martínez Gimeno, M. A. Andreo Vidal, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1069-S1070
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Introduction
In the early stages of schizophrenia the person experiences feelings of strangeness about themselves, difficulty in making sense of things and difficulty in interacting with their environment. Based on this, self-disorder assessment instruments have been developed and empirical studies have been conducted to assess people at risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. These studies show that self-disorders are found in pre-psychotic stages and that their manifestation can predict the transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
ObjectivesWe present the case of a patient with multiple diagnoses and mainly dissociative symptoms who, after years of evolution, was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
MethodsBibliographic review including the latest articles in Pubmed about self-disorders and schizophrenia.
ResultsWe present the clinical case of a 51-year-old woman with a long history of follow-up in mental health consultations and with multiple hospital admissions to the psychiatric unit, with several diagnoses including: dissociative disorder, histrionic personality disorder, adaptive disorder unspecified psychotic disorder and, finally, schizophrenia. The patient during the first hospital admissions showed a clinical picture of intense anxiety, disorientation and claiming to be a different person. The patient related these episodes to stressors she had experienced, and they improved markedly after a short period of hospital admission. Later, psychotic symptoms appeared in the form of auditory and visual hallucinations and delusional ideation, mainly of harm, so that after several years of follow-up and study in mental health consultations and in the psychiatric day hospital, she was diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatment with antipsychotics was introduced, with a marked clinical improvement being observed.
ConclusionsIt is important to take into account this type of symptoms (self-disorders), as they allow the identification of individuals in the early stages of the disorder and create the opportunity for early therapeutic interventions.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
PEAKS AND VALLEYS: BIPOLAR DISORDER, RAPID CYCLERS AND ENERGY DRINKS CONSUMPTION
- M. Calvo Valcárcel, M. A. Andreo Vidal, P. Martinez Gimeno, P. Pando Fernández, B. Rodriguez Rodriguez, N. Navarro Barriga, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, M. D. C. Vallecillo Adame, T. Jimenez Aparicio, C. de Andres Lobo, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, A. A. Gonzaga Ramirez, G. Guerra Valera
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S702-S703
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Introduction
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is considered a serious mental disorder characterized by a changing mood that fluctuates between two completely opposite poles. It causes pathological and recurrent mood swings, alternating periods of exaltation and grandiosity with periods of depression. We talk about rapid cyclers when four or more manic, hypomanic or depressive episodes have occurred within a twelve-month period. Mood swings can appear rapidly. Approximately half of the people with bipolar disorder may develop rapid cycling at some point.
ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case about a patient with Bipolar Disorder with rapid cycling and poor response to treatment.
MethodsReview of the scientific literature based on a clinical case.
Results33-year-old male, single, living with his mother, under follow-up by mental health team since 2012. First debut of manic episode in 2010. The patient has filed multiple decompensations related to consumption of toxics (alcohol and cannabis). Currently unemployed. He attended to the emergency service in June 2022 accompanied by his mother, who reported that he was restless. The patient refers that he has interrupted the treatment during the vacations, having sleep rhythm disorder with abuse of caffeine drinks. Currently the patient does not recognize any consumption.The patient reports that during the village festivals he felt very energetic, occasionally consuming drinks rich in taurine and sugars, even having conflicts with people of the village. Finally, the patient was stabilized with Lithium 400 mg and Olanzapine. In September, the patient returned to the emergency service on the recommendation of his referral psychiatrist due to therapeutic failure. The only relevant finding we observed in the analytical determinations were low lithium levels (0.4 mEq/L). The transgression of sleep rhythms and the abuse of psychoactive substances required the admission of the patient to optimize the treatment (Clozapine, Lithium, Valproic Acid). At discharge, he is euthymic, has not presented behavioral alterations and is resting well. Finally, it was decided that the patient should go to the Convalescent Center to continue treatment and achieve psychopathological stability.
ConclusionsBipolar disorder is an important mental illness, having an incidence of 1.2%, being responsible for 20% of all mood disorders. Therefore, it is important to perform an adequate and individualized follow-up of each patient. Treatment with mood stabilizers tries to improve and prevent manic and depressive episodes, improving chronicity and trying to make the long-term evolution as good as possible, being important psychoeducation and psychotherapy.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Relationship between Signals Regulating Energy Homeostasis and Neuropsychological and Clinical Features in Gambling Disorder: A Case-Control Study
- F. Fernandez-Aranda, I. Baenas, M. Etxandi, B. Mora-Maltas, R. Granero, S. Tovar, C. Diéguez, M. N. Potenza, S. Jiménez-Murcia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S328
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Introduction
The neurobiology of gambling disorder (GD) is not yet fully understood. Although dysfunctional signalling involved in energy homeostasis has been studied in substance use disorders, it should be examined in detail in GD.
ObjectivesTo compare different endocrine and neuropsychological factors between individuals with GD and healthy controls (HC), and to explore endocrine interactions with neuropsychological and clinical variables.
MethodsA case-control design was performed in 297 individuals with GD and 41 HC, assessed through a semi-structured clinical interview and a psychometric battery, adding 38 HC in the evaluation of endocrine and anthropometric variables.
ResultsIndividuals with GD presented higher fasting plasma ghrelin (p<.001) and lower LEAP2 and adiponectin concentrations (p<.001) than HC adjusting for body mass index (BMI). The GD group reported higher cognitive impairment regarding cognitive flexibility and decision-making strategies, a worse psychological state, higher impulsivity levels, and a more dysfunctional personality profile. Despite failing to find significant associations between endocrine factors and either neuropsychological or clinical aspects in GD, some impaired cognitive dimensions and lower LEAP2 concentrations significantly predicted GD presence.
ConclusionsThis study suggests distinctive neuropsychological and endocrine dysfunctions may operate in individuals with GD, predicting GD presence. Further exploration of endophenotypic vulnerability pathways in GD appear warranted, especially with respect to etiological and therapeutic potentials.
Disclosure of InterestF. Fernandez-Aranda Consultant of: Novo Nordisk , Employee of: editorial honoraria as EIC from Wiley, I. Baenas: None Declared, M. Etxandi : None Declared, B. Mora-Maltas: None Declared, R. Granero : None Declared, S. Tovar : None Declared, C. Diéguez: None Declared, M. Potenza Grant / Research support from: Mohegan Sun Casino and Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Consultant of: Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Baria-Tek, AXA, Game Day Data and the Addiction Policy Forum; has participated in surveys, mailings or telephone consultations related to drug addiction, impulse control disorders or other health topics; and has consulted for law offices and gambling entities on issues related to impulse control or addictive disorders, Employee of: patent application in Yale University and Novartis, S. Jiménez-Murcia: None Declared.
Late diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cocaine abuse
- C. De Andrés Lobo, C. Vallecillo Adame, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, M. Fernández Lozano, N. Navarro Barriga, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. Calvo Valcárcel, M. Andreo Vidal, M. P. Pando Fernández, P. Martínez Gimeno, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco, J. I. Gonçalves Cerejeira, A. Rodríguez Campos
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S335-S336
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Introduction
Adult ADHD diagnosis sometimes represents a challenge for the clinician, due to the comorbid psychiatric diseases that are often associated and which complicate de recognition of the primary symptoms of ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD in adult populations is 2’5% and it is a relevant cause of functional impairment.
ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case of a male cocaine user diagnosed with adult ADHD.
MethodsLiterature review on adult ADHD and comorbid substance abuse.
ResultsA 43-year-old male who consulted in the Emergency Department due to auditory hallucinosis in the context of an increase in his daily cocaine use. There were not delusional symptoms associated and judgment of reality was preserved. Treatment with olanzapine was started and the patient was referred for consultation. In psychiatry consultations, he did not refer sensory-perceptual alterations anymore, nor appeared any signals to suspect so, and he was willing to abandon cocaine use after a few appointments. He expressed some work concerns, highlighting that in recent months, in the context of a greater workload, he had been given several traffic tickets for “distractions.” His wife explained that he had always been a inattentive person (he forgets important dates or appointments) and impulsive, sometimes interrupting conversations. In the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale he scored 32 points.
He was diagnosed with adult ADHD and treatment with extended-release methylphenidate was started with good tolerance and evolution, with improvement in adaptation to his job and social environment. Since then, the patient has moderately reduced the consumption of drugs, although he continues to use cocaine very sporadically.
ConclusionsEarly detection of ADHD and its comorbidities has the potential to change the course of the disorder and the morbidity that will occur later in adults. Comorbidity in adult ADHD is rather the norm than the exception, and it renders diagnosis more difficult. The most frequent comorbidities are usually mood disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders. Treatment of adult ADHD consists mainly of pharmacotherapy supported by behavioral interventions. When ADHD coexists with another disorder, the one that most compromises functionality will be treated first and they can be treated simultaneously. The individual characteristics of each patient must be taken into account to choose the optimal treatment.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Memory complaints and quality of life in a patient with mild cognitive impairment
- M. P. Pando Fernández, M. A. Andro Vidal, M. Calvo Valcarcel, P. Martinez Gimeno, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, C. De Andrés Lobo, T. Jimenez Aparicio, C. Vilella Martin, M. Fernández Lozano, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, N. Navarro Barriga
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S937-S938
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Introduction
Subjective memory complaints remain a relevant aspect to be considered in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Likewise, their association with depressive symptoms, quality of life and cognitive performance is also an objective to be studied in such patients.
ObjectivesOur clinical case represents just one opportunity to study how memory complaints are related to depressive states and how they affect the quality of life of patients with mild cognitive impairment.
MethodsWe conducted a bibliographical review by searching for articles in Pubmed.
ResultsPERSONAL HISTORY: Male, 73 years old, separated, residing alone in Valladolid. He has home help, a person comes to help him with the household chores. Little social and family circle.
History in Mental HealthHe has a history of an admission in 2013 to this Short Hospitalization Unit for ethanol detoxification. Since then, he has been followed up in the Mental Health Unit. According to the reports, he has been diagnosed with depressive disorder and cluster B personality disorder.
Current psychopharmacological treatment: diazepam, olanzapine, duloxetine 60 mg, quetiapine.
Toxic habits: history of chronic ethanol consumption. Smoker. He denies other toxic habits.
Current EpisodeThe patient presents a worsening of his mood of 15 days of evolution, coinciding with a voluntary decrease of his psychopharmacological treatment that the patient has carried out on his own. He walks with the aid of a crutch. Hypomimic facies. Slowed language, circumstantial, with speech focused on current discomfort.
On assessment, he reports initial improvement after reducing his medication, but in recent days he has experienced a decrease in initiative accompanied by feelings of emptiness, sadness and loneliness. He refers to memory complaints for which he is awaiting evaluation by Neurology. The patient explains that at other times in his life he has presented self-harming ideas that he has been controlling. At this time he expresses desire for improvement and adequate future plans, and accepts plans to attend a memory workshop. He also reports visual hallucinations with no affective repercussions and preserved judgment of reality.
Therapeutic PlanTreatment adjustment: Duloxetine 60 mg, 2cp/day. The patient is recommended to lead an active lifestyle and attend a day center or memory workshop.
ConclusionsIn numerous patients with mild cognitive impairment, we have observed that memory complaints are closely related to depressive symptoms and to the patient’s functioning in daily life.
In one study memory complaints were a negative predictor of quality of life in these patients.
Therefore, in addition to considering the importance of treating depressive symptoms, it is also important to address quality of life in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
“The cat and the calcium”. A case of delirium secondary to hypercalcaemia.
- T. Jiménez Aparicio, C. Vallecillo Adame, C. de Andrés Lobo, G. Medina Ojeda, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, G. Guerra Valera, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, N. Navarro Barriga, M. A. Andreo Vidal, M. Calvo Valcárcel, P. Martínez Gimeno, M. P. Pando Fernández, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco, J. I. Gonçalves Cerejeira
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S946-S947
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Introduction
Interconsultation with the psychiatry service is frequently requested from other specialties for the assessment and treatment of patients who present neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to organic alterations. On the other hand (and in relation to this case), within the possible causes for the elevation of calcaemia figures, the most frequent are hyperparathyroidism and neoplasms, representing between these two entities 90% of cases (1).
Among the organic mental disorders, Delirium stands out, with an approximate prevalence between 1 and 2% (general population), which increases in hospitalized and elderly patients (2).
ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case about a patient with delirium secondary to hypercalcemia, with hallucinations and behavioral disturbance.
MethodsBibliographic review including the latest articles in Pubmed about delirium (causes and treatment) and hypercalcaemia secondary to neoplasms.
ResultsWe present a 52-year-old male patient, who went to the emergency room accompanied by his wife, due to behavioral alteration. Two days before, he had been evaluated by Neurology, after a first epileptic crisis (with no previous history) that resolved spontaneously. At that time, it was decided not to start antiepileptic treatment.
The patient reported that he had left his house at midnight, looking for a cat. As he explained, this cat had appeared in his house and had left his entire bed full of insects. His wife denied that this had really happened, and when she told the patient to go to the emergency room, he had become very upset.
As background, the patient used to consume alcohol regularly, so the first hypothesis was that this was a withdrawal syndrome. However, although the consumption was daily, in recent months it was not very high, and at that time no other symptoms compatible with alcohol withdrawal were observed (tremor, tachycardia, sweating, hypertension…).
We requested a general blood test and a brain scan. The only relevant finding was hypercalcaemia 12.9mg/dL (which could also be the origin of the previous seizure). It was decided to start treatment with Diazepam and Tiapride in the emergency room, with serum perfusion, and keep under observation. After several hours, the patient felt better, the hallucinations disappeared, and calcium had dropped to 10.2mg/dL. A preferential consultation was scheduled, due to suspicion that the hypercalcaemia could be secondary to a tumor process.
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ConclusionsIt is important to rule out an organic alteration in those patients who present acute psychiatric symptoms. Hypercalcaemia is frequently associated with tumor processes (1) due to secretion of PTH-like peptide (4), so a complete study should be carried out in these cases.
Delirium has a prevalence between 1 and 2% in the general population (2).
Psychopharmacological treatment is used symptomatically, with antipsychotics (3). For the episode to fully resolve, the underlying cause must be treated.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
“Keeping an eye on amylase”. Side effects of antidepressants
- T. Jiménez Aparicio, G. Medina Ojeda, A. Rodríguez Campos, L. Rodríguez Andrés, C. Vallecillo Adame, C. De Andrés Lobo, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, M. Fernández Lozano, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, N. Navarro Barriga, M. P. Pando Fernández, P. Martínez Gimeno, M. Calvo Valcárcel, M. A. Andreo Vidal
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S831
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Introduction
Both in consultations with the general practitioner and with the psychiatrist, antidepressants are one of the most used drugs (1). These have multiple indications, and there are different groups according to their mechanism of action. In relation to this case, we are going to talk about Venlafaxine, a dual-type antidepressant, that is, it inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. One of the most common side effects is digestive discomfort, which usually resolves after a few weeks (2). However, we should not ignore these symptoms, since they can hide something more serious.
ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case on a patient who presented an increase in pancreatic amylase after starting treatment with Venlafaxine.
MethodsBibliographic review including the latest articles in Pubmed on side effects of antidepressant treatment, and more specifically at the gastrointestinal level (in this case we will talk about pancreatitis).
ResultsWe present the case of a 49-year-old woman, who was hospitalized 2 years ago, due to a first depressive episode. During this admission, psychopharmacological treatment was started for the first time, on that occasion with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), treatment of first choice (3). The patient had no side effects at that time, but the response was very modest, so it was decided to replace that antidepressant with Venlafaxine (with dual action), up to 150mg. The depressive symptoms improved markedly, however the patient began to feel digestive discomfort (which at first did not seem to be of great importance). A general analysis was performed, in which an increase in lipase (978 U/L) and amylase (528 U/L) was detected. An echoendoscopy, an abdominal scan, and a magnetic resonance cholangiography were performed; Pancreatitis secondary to drugs was suspected (a severe condition). Luckily, no significant lesions were found in the tests, and the levels of amylase and lipase decreased when Venlafaxine treatment was withdrawn (without reaching the normal range). The patient was discharged and continued to attend consultations. In the last control, amylase had dropped to 225 U/L. His abdominal pain disappeared. Treatment with Vortioxetine (a multimodal antidepressant) was started, however the amylase levels continue to be monitored, and the patient continues to see the gastroenterologist.
ConclusionsGastrointestinal side effects are very common when taking antidepressant treatment, and in most cases they do not usually represent a serious problem.
However, it is described in the scientific literature that in some cases, acute pancreatitis secondary to some drugs, including Venlafaxine, can occur (4). In order to detect it, it is necessary to perform a blood test and sometimes also other complementary tests.
For its treatment, the fundamental thing is to withdraw the causing drug, trying to find other alternatives, and carry out a control to monitor possible complications
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Feasibility and Cost Analysis of Portable MRI Implementation in a Remote Setting in Canada
- Chloe N. DesRoche, Ana P. Johnson, Elizabeth B. Hore, Elaine Innes, Ian Silver, Donatella Tampieri, Benjamin Y.M. Kwan, Johanna Ortiz Jimenez, J. Gordon Boyd, Omar Islam
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 July 2023, pp. 1-10
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Objective:
To conduct feasibility and cost analysis of portable MRI implementation in a remote setting where MRI access is otherwise unavailable.
Methods:Portable MRI (ultra-low field, 0.064T) was installed in Weeneebayko General Hospital, Moose Factory, Ontario. Adult patients, presenting with any indication for neuroimaging, were eligible for study inclusion. Scanning period was from November 14, 2021, to September 6, 2022. Images were sent via a secure PACS network for Neuroradiologist interpretation, available 24/7. Clinical indications, image quality, and report turnaround time were recorded. A cost analysis was conducted from a healthcare system’s perspective in 2022 Canadian dollars, comparing cost of portable MRI implementation to transporting patients to a center with fixed MRI.
Results:Portable MRI was successfully implemented in a remote Canadian location. Twenty-five patients received a portable MRI scan. All studies were of diagnostic quality. No clinically significant pathologies were identified on any of the studies. However, based on clinical presentation and limitations of portable MRI resolution, it is estimated that 11 (44%) of patients would require transfer to a center with fixed MRI for further imaging workup. Cost savings were $854,841 based on 50 patients receiving portable MRI over 1 year. Five-year budget impact analysis showed nearly $8 million dollars saved.
Conclusions:Portable MRI implementation in a remote setting is feasible, with significant cost savings compared to fixed MRI. This study may serve as a model to democratize MRI access, offer timely care and improved triaging in remote areas where conventional MRI is unavailable.
Challenges of Documenting Historic Water Systems: Integrating Open-Source Water Data with Archaeological Datasets in Utah
- Anna S. Cohen, Molly Boeka Cannon, Kelly N. Jimenez
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- Advances in Archaeological Practice / Volume 11 / Issue 2 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2023, pp. 211-223
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Geospatial research in archaeology often relies on datasets previously collected by other archaeologists or third-party groups, such as state or federal government entities. This article discusses our work with geospatial datasets for identifying, documenting, and evaluating prehistoric and historic water features in the western United States. As part of a project on water heritage and long-term views on water management, our research has involved aggregating spatial data from an array of open access and semi-open access sources. Here, we consider the challenges of working with such datasets, including outdated or disorganized information, and fragmentary data. Based on our experiences, we recommend best practices: (1) locating relevant data and creating a data organization method for working with spatial data, (2) addressing data integrity, (3) integrating datasets in systematic ways across research cohorts, and (4) improving data accessibility.
Are Neurotrophin Genes Involved in the Pathophysiology of Gambling Disorder?
- I. Baenas, N. Solé-Morata, M. Etxandi, R. Granero, M. Gené, C. Barrot, P. Gorwood, N. Ramoz, F. Fernandez-Aranda, S. Jimenez-Murcia
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S240-S241
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Introduction
Gambling Disorder (GD) is considered a multifactorial behavioral addictive disorder, leading to severe psychological, social and economic consequences. Previous studies have investigated genetic mechanisms underlying GD. Growing literature showed a possible link between addiction-related disorders and neurotrophic factors (NTF), involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Thus, the study of NTF genes emerged as promising targets in the field of GD.
ObjectivesTo evaluate genetic implications of the NTF family in the pathophysiology GD. We hypothesized the involvement of some NTF genes polymorphisms in the onset and progression of GD as potential biological risk factors.
MethodsThe sample was composed by 166 individuals with GD and 191 healthy controls. 36 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from NTF (NGF, NGFR, NTRK1, BDNF, NTRK2, NTF3, NTRK3, NTF4, CNTF and CNTFR) were selected and genotyped. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype constructions were assessed, related to the presence of GD. Moreover, regulatory elements overlapping the identified SNPs variants associated with GD was also analyzed.
Results6 SNPs were potentially associated to GD after the comparisons of allele frequencies between groups. Single and multiple-marker analyses showed a strong association between both NTF3 and NTRK2 genes, and GD.
ConclusionsThis study suggests the implication of NTF genes in the development of GD, being the altered cross-regulation of some NTF factors signalling pathways, a potential biological vulnerability factor in GD. Fundings and Acknowledgements: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-101837-B-100) Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2017I067, 2019I47), Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01167, PI20/00132) and CIBERObn, an initiative of ISCIII.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.