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PD37 High-Dose Vitamin D For The Treatment Of COVID-19
- Heidi Stürzlinger, Richard Pentz
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 38 / Issue S1 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 December 2022, p. S103
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Introduction
The aim of this EUnetHTA (European Network for Health Technology Assessment) Rolling Collaborative Review on high dose vitamin D for the treatment of COVID-19 was to inform health policy at an early stage in the life cycle of therapies and to monitor ongoing studies in the format of a Living Document.
MethodsThe systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Pubmed, medRxiv, bioRxiv, arXivso, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry, EU Clinical Trials Register. The first search was done in January 2021, and the last in November 2021. English and German randomized controlled studies (RCTs) investigating treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected individuals with high dose vitamin D2, D3 or their metabolites were included if examining mortality, length of hospital stay, viral burden, clinical progression, hospitalization rates, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, quality of life or adverse events. Two reviewers independently screened search results and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence. One reviewer extracted study data, checked by another.
ResultsOf the nine RCTs published to date, two investigate calcifediol, one calcitriol and six vitamin D3. All used different dosing regimens. Disease severity and proportion of vitamin D deficiency varied between studies. Calcifediol treated patients in one study required significantly less ICU admissions than untreated patients. Vitamin D3 in another study led to significantly more SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative patients before day 21 than placebo. There were no other significant differences between groups. Twenty-five RCTs are ongoing, five of them with over 1,000 patients.
ConclusionsThe current evidence is heterogenous regarding form and dosage of vitamin D, baseline disease severity and baseline vitamin D deficiency. There is currently no standardized/recommended level of what constitutes a (beneficial) “high dose”. Most results did not show significant differences between vitamin D treated groups and no vitamin D / placebo groups. Many of the studies are very small and certainty of evidence is predominantly low or very low.
Reverse-mentorship of the core concepts in philosophy and mental health: a medical education case report
- Michael Jewell, Manzar Kamal, Richard Bayney, Heidi Hales
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue S1 / June 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 June 2021, p. S142
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Aims
The aim of this medical education case report was to outline the development and outcomes of a reverse-mentorship project that enabled cross-generational collaborative learning. The project took the shape of a philosophy of psychiatry journal club facilitated by a psychiatry core trainee in west London, UK.
BackgroundReverse-mentorship reverses traditional roles of mentor and mentee. It is an increasingly fashionable concept in medical education. The junior mentors the senior clinician. The implicit learning outcomes include provision of a two-way learning process, development of mentoring skills for the more junior clinician and collaboration that builds social capital within the workplace. Reverse-mentorship is effective when the junior mentor is recognised for their expertise in a particular area. In this instance, the junior mentor has a special interest in the philosophy of psychiatry.
MethodJunior mentor and senior mentees formed a monthly journal club. The club tracked arguments from anti- and biological psychiatry on the meaning of mental illness. The debate offered insight into a semantic analysis of mental illness and a deeper conceptual understanding of medicine. The learning material derived from the core concepts of philosophy and mental health (Fulford et al.). The role of the mentor was to facilitate group discussion around arguments from relevant papers. A survey, adapted from a recent reverse-mentorship review article, measured the quality of educational experience for mentor and mentees.
ResultOverall, mentees (senior clinicians) agreed that the mentor (junior clinician) displayed attributes and behaviours for effective mentoring across most domains, including enthusiasm, effective communication, respect for mentee expertise and active listening to the needs of the mentee. The mentor was particularly impressed with the mentees’ openness to learn new concepts and respect shown. General reflections on the experience of reverse-mentorship were positive overall. A thematic review highlighted particular aspects, including: a good way to learn a new skill and great opportunity to develop professional skills of mentoring.
ConclusionThe importance of mentoring in medical education is well established. Reverse-mentorship is a new concept that looks to harness the unique qualities of millennials, including their aptitudes for empowerment, innovation and collaboration. This medical education case report shows that an enthusiastic junior clinician can successfully pilot an educational-mentoring scheme aimed at senior clinicians. To make more explicit the intuitive benefits of reverse-mentorship, longitudinal reviews are needed. However, this case report contributes important insights into this burgeoning field of medical education.
3309 Clinic-Level Factors and Retention in Care among People Living with HIV (PLWH) in a United States (US) Multi-Site Cohort, 2010-2016
- Cassandra Oliver, Peter Rebeiro, Bryan Shepherd, Jeanne Keruly, Kenneth Mayer, Christopher Matthews, Bulant Turan, Richard Moore, Heidi Crane, Elvin Geng, April Pettit
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2019, pp. 85-86
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The National HIV/AIDS strategy aims to increase retention in care (RIC) to reduce HIV transmission and mortality. Previous studies have evaluated clinic-level interventions such as appointment reminders and peer navigation. However, few studies have investigated the association between multiple clinic-level factors and RIC among PLWH across the United States. We conducted a multi-site cohort study to identify clinic-level factors associated with RIC in the United States from 2010-2016. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We included PLWH with at least one HIV primary care visit from 2010-2016 at seven sites of the Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). Individual-level data collected as part of routine clinical care were abstracted from the electronic health record. Clinic-level data were gathered through a survey and included questions on site characteristics (i.e. clinic volume) as well as services available at the site during each year of the study: peer navigation, RIC posters/brochures, laboratory test timing, flexible scheduling, appointment reminder types, and stigma support services defined as intensive HIV education and advocacy regarding support to address stigma at outreach visits. RIC was defined as ≥2 encounters per year, ≥90 days apart, observed until death, administrative censoring (December 31, 2016), or loss to follow-up (no visit for >12 months with no future visits). Poisson panel regression with robust error variance, clustering by site and adjusting for calendar year, age (modeled with a cubic spline), sex, race/ethnicity, and HIV transmission risk factor, was used to estimate incident rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RIC. Clustering by site has been shown to absorb for clustering that could occur at the individual level as well. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 21,046 patients contributing 103,348 person-years, 67% of person-years were RIC. Text appointment reminders (IRR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.24) and stigma support services (IRR=1.11; 95% CI:1.04-1.19) were significantly associated with RIC. RIC disparities in individual-level patient characteristics were observed even after accounting for clinic-level characteristics. Older patients were more likely to be RIC demonstrated through year comparisons due to the use of a spline; for age 50 years (IRR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.08) and 60 years (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.13-1.17) compared to 45 years. Female PLWH were more likely to be RIC compared to males (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05) and Hispanic PLWH were more likely to be RIC compared to white, non-Hispanic PLWH (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13). Although commonly found to be associated with worse RIC, Black race and injection drug use were not associated with RIC in this population. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In this multi-site US cohort study from 2010-2016, availability of text appointment reminders and stigma support services at a clinic were associated with approximately 10% higher probability of RIC than at clinics without those services. RIC disparities persisted with respect to individual-level characteristics of age, sex, and race/ethnicity even after accounting for these clinic-level factors. Prospective studies examining the impact of these clinic-level factors and individual-level uptake of these services on RIC are needed.
Feasibility of Organic Weed Management in Sweet Corn and Snap Bean for Processing
- Heidi J. Johnson, Jed B. Colquhoun, Alvin J. Bussan, Richard A. Rittmeyer
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 24 / Issue 4 / December 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 544-550
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There is significant interest from processors in producing organic sweet corn and snap bean. However, large-scale production is necessary for this to be a practical and economical venture for processors. This study focused on the feasibility of managing weeds in organic sweet corn and snap bean, utilizing methods that are practical in large hectarage. Tactics such as rotary hoe, interrow cultivation, and a stale seedbed were evaluated alone or in combination. Hand-weeded and herbicide-based treatments were included for each crop for comparison. Percentage weed control, weed biomass, and crop yield were quantified, and net profit was calculated for each treatment. Organic weed management was feasible in snap bean, with yields similar among several of the organic treatments and the herbicide treatment in all 3 yr of the study. Interrow cultivation was the most effective means of organic weed control in snap bean. Organic weed management was possible in snap bean because it is a short-season crop and an effective competitor with weeds in the crop row. Organic weed management was more difficult in sweet corn because of the longer crop season and poor competition with weeds in the crop row. In sweet corn, the organic treatment involving three interrow cultivations was the only one consistently similar in yield to the herbicide treatments. Higher net profits were attained for most of the organic treatments in both crops because of the organic premium. Market saturation and organic premium adjustments are factors for grower consideration in this potential industry, particularly for sweet corn production.
Genome-wide association study of response to cognitive–behavioural therapy in children with anxiety disorders
- Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Kathryn J. Lester, Robert Keers, Susanna Roberts, Charles Curtis, Kristian Arendt, Susan Bögels, Peter Cooper, Cathy Creswell, Tim Dalgleish, Catharina A. Hartman, Einar R. Heiervang, Katrin Hötzel, Jennifer L. Hudson, Tina In-Albon, Kristen Lavallee, Heidi J. Lyneham, Carla E. Marin, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Talia Morris, Maaike H. Nauta, Ronald M. Rapee, Silvia Schneider, Sophie C. Schneider, Wendy K. Silverman, Mikael Thastum, Kerstin Thirlwall, Polly Waite, Gro Janne Wergeland, Gerome Breen, Thalia C. Eley
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 209 / Issue 3 / September 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 236-243
- Print publication:
- September 2016
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Background
Anxiety disorders are common, and cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is a first-line treatment. Candidate gene studies have suggested a genetic basis to treatment response, but findings have been inconsistent.
AimsTo perform the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of psychological treatment response in children with anxiety disorders (n = 980).
MethodPresence and severity of anxiety was assessed using semi-structured interview at baseline, on completion of treatment (post-treatment), and 3 to 12 months after treatment completion (follow-up). DNA was genotyped using the Illumina Human Core Exome-12v1.0 array. Linear mixed models were used to test associations between genetic variants and response (change in symptom severity) immediately post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up.
ResultsNo variants passed a genome-wide significance threshold (P=5×10–8) in either analysis. Four variants met criteria for suggestive significance (P<5×10–6) in association with response post-treatment, and three variants in the 6-month follow-up analysis.
ConclusionsThis is the first genome-wide therapygenetic study. It suggests no common variants of very high effect underlie response to CBT. Future investigations should maximise power to detect single-variant and polygenic effects by using larger, more homogeneous cohorts.
Contributors
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- By Tod C. Aeby, Melanie D. Altizer, Ronan A. Bakker, Meghann E. Batten, Anita K. Blanchard, Brian Bond, Megan A. Brady, Saweda A. Bright, Ellen L. Brock, Amy Brown, Ashley Carroll, Jori S. Carter, Frances Casey, Weldon Chafe, David Chelmow, Jessica M. Ciaburri, Stephen A. Cohen, Adrianne M. Colton, PonJola Coney, Jennifer A. Cross, Julie Zemaitis DeCesare, Layson L. Denney, Megan L. Evans, Nicole S. Fanning, Tanaz R. Ferzandi, Katie P. Friday, Nancy D. Gaba, Rajiv B. Gala, Andrew Galffy, Adrienne L. Gentry, Edward J. Gill, Philippe Girerd, Meredith Gray, Amy Hempel, Audra Jolyn Hill, Chris J. Hong, Kathryn A. Houston, Patricia S. Huguelet, Warner K. Huh, Jordan Hylton, Christine R. Isaacs, Alison F. Jacoby, Isaiah M. Johnson, Nicole W. Karjane, Emily E. Landers, Susan M. Lanni, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Lee A. Learman, Nikola Alexander Letham, Rachel K. Love, Richard Scott Lucidi, Elisabeth McGaw, Kimberly Woods McMorrow, Christopher A. Manipula, Kirk J. Matthews, Michelle Meglin, Megan Metcalf, Sarah H. Milton, Gaby Moawad, Christopher Morosky, Lindsay H. Morrell, Elizabeth L. Munter, Erin L. Murata, Amanda B. Murchison, Nguyet A. Nguyen, Nan G. O’Connell, Tony Ogburn, K. Nathan Parthasarathy, Thomas C. Peng, Ashley Peterson, Sarah Peterson, John G. Pierce, Amber Price, Heidi J. Purcell, Ronald M. Ramus, Nicole Calloway Rankins, Fidelma B. Rigby, Amanda H. Ritter, Barbara L. Robinson, Danielle Roncari, Lisa Rubinsak, Jennifer Salcedo, Mary T. Sale, Peter F. Schnatz, John W. Seeds, Kathryn Shaia, Karen Shelton, Megan M. Shine, Haller J. Smith, Roger P. Smith, Nancy A. Sokkary, Reni A. Soon, Aparna Sridhar, Lilja Stefansson, Laurie S. Swaim, Chemen M. Tate, Hong-Thao Thieu, Meredith S. Thomas, L. Chesney Thompson, Tiffany Tonismae, Angela M. Tran, Breanna Walker, Alan G. Waxman, C. Nathan Webb, Valerie L. Williams, Sarah B. Wilson, Elizabeth M. Yoselevsky, Amy E. Young
- Edited by David Chelmow, Virginia Commonwealth University, Christine R. Isaacs, Virginia Commonwealth University, Ashley Carroll, Virginia Commonwealth University
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- Book:
- Acute Care and Emergency Gynecology
- Published online:
- 05 November 2014
- Print publication:
- 30 October 2014, pp ix-xiv
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Book:
- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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Predicting Dissemination of a Disaster Mental Health “Train-the-Trainer” Program
- Wendi Cross, Catherine Cerulli, Heidi Richards, Hua He, Jack Herrmann
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- Journal:
- Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 4 / Issue 4 / December 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 April 2013, pp. 339-343
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Objective: Disaster mental health (DMH) is vital to comprehensive disaster preparedness for communities. A train-the-trainer (TTT) model is frequently used in public health to disseminate knowledge and skills to communities, although few studies have examined its success. We report on the development and implementation of a DMH TTT program and examine variables that predict dissemination.
Methods: This secondary analysis examines 140 community-based mental health providers' participation in a TTT DMH program in 2005–2006. Instructors' dissemination of the training was followed for 12 months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to predict dissemination of the training program.
Results: Sixty percent of the trainees in the DMH TTT program conducted training programs in the 12-month period following being trained. The likelihood of conducting training programs was predicted by a self-report measure of perceptions of transfer of training. The number of individuals subsequently trained (559) was predicted by prior DMH training and sex. No other variables predicted dissemination of DMH training.
Conclusions: The TTT model was moderately successful in disseminating DMH training. Intervention at the organizational and individual level, as well as training modifications, may increase cost-effective dissemination of DMH training.
(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:339-343)
Contributors
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- By Christopher Ames, Cathy W. Barks, Ronald Berman, Anthony J. Berret, Robert Beuka, William Blazek, Elisabeth Bouzonviller, Jackson R. Bryer, Deborah Clarke, Gretchen Comba, Kirk Curnutt, Linda De Roche, Suzanne Del Gizzo, Kathleen Drowne, Richard Fine, Edward Gillin, Michael K. Glenday, Richard Godden, Steven Goldleaf, Peter L. Hays, Pearl James, Joel Kabot, Heidi M. Kunz, Jarom Lyle McDonald, Philip McGowan, Bonnie Shannon McMullen, Bryant Mangum, Lauren Rule Maxwell, James H. Meredith, Linda Patterson Miller, James Nagel, Michael Nowlin, Ruth Prigozy, Laura Rattray, Walter Raubicheck, Deborah Davis Schlacks, Gail D. Sinclair, Robert Sklar, Linda Wagner-Martin, James L. W. West, Doni M. Wilson
- Edited by Bryant Mangum, Virginia Commonwealth University
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- Book:
- F. Scott Fitzgerald in Context
- Published online:
- 05 February 2013
- Print publication:
- 18 March 2013, pp xi-xx
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- By Graeme J.M. Alexander, Heung Bae Kim, Michael Burch, Andrew J. Butler, Tanveer Butt, Roy Calne, Edward Cantu, Robert B. Colvin, Paul Corris, Charles Crawley, Hiroshi Date, Francis L. Delmonico, Bimalangshu R. Dey, Kate Drummond, John Dunning, John D. Firth, John Forsythe, Simon M. Gabe, Robert S. Gaston, William Gelson, Paul Gibbs, Alex Gimson, Leo C. Ginns, Samuel Goldfarb, Ryoichi Goto, Walter K. Graham, Simon J.F. Harper, Koji Hashimoto, David G. Healy, Hassan N. Ibrahim, David Ip, Fadi G. Issa, Neville V. Jamieson, David P. Jenkins, Dixon B. Kaufman, Kiran K. Khush, Heung Bae Kim, Andrew A. Klein, John Klinck, Camille Nelson Kotton, Vineeta Kumar, Yael B. Kushner, D. Frank. P. Larkin, Clive J. Lewis, Yvonne H. Luo, Richard S. Luskin, Ernest I. Mandel, James F. Markmann, Lorna Marson, Arthur J. Matas, Mandeep R. Mehra, Stephen J. Middleton, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Charles Miller, Sharon Mulroy, Faruk Özalp, Can Ozturk, Jayan Parameshwar, J.S. Parmar, Hari K. Parthasarathy, Nick Pritchard, Cristiano Quintini, Axel O. Rahmel, Chris J. Rudge, Stephan V.B. Schueler, Maria Siemionow, Jacob Simmonds, Peter Slinger, Thomas R. Spitzer, Stuart C. Sweet, Nina E. Tolkoff-Rubin, Steven S.L. Tsui, Khashayar Vakili, R.V. Venkateswaran, Hector Vilca-Melendez, Vladimir Vinarsky, Kathryn J. Wood, Heidi Yeh, David W. Zaas, Jonathan G. Zaroff
- Edited by Andrew A. Klein, Clive J. Lewis, Joren C. Madsen
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- Book:
- Organ Transplantation
- Published online:
- 07 September 2011
- Print publication:
- 11 August 2011, pp vii-x
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Contributors
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- By Joanne R. Adler, David A. Alexander, Laurence Alison, Catherine C. Ayoub, Peter Banister, Anthony R. Beech, Amanda Biggs, Julian Boon, Adrian Bowers, Neil Brewer, Eric Broekaert, Paula Brough, Jennifer M. Brown, Kevin Browne, Elizabeth A. Campbell, David Canter, Michael Carlin, Shihning Chou, Martin A. Conway, Claire Cooke, David Cooke, Ilse Derluyn, Robert J. Edelmann, Vincent Egan, Tom Ellis, Marie Eyre, David P. Farrington, Seena Fazel, Daniel B. Fishman, Victoria Follette, Katarina Fritzon, Elizabeth Gilchrist, Nathan D. Gillard, Renée Gobeil, Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Lynsey Gozna, Don Grubin, Gisli H. Gudjonsson, Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm, Guy Hall, Nathan Hall, Roisin Hall, Sean Hammond, Leigh Harkins, Grant T. Harris, Camilla Herbert, Robert D. Hoge, Todd E. Hogue, Clive R. Hollin, Lorraine Hope, Miranda A. H. Horvath, Kevin Howells, Carol A. Ireland, Jane L. Ireland, Mark Kebbell, Michael King, Bruce D. Kirkcaldy, Heidi La Bash, Cara Laney, William R. Lindsay, Elizabeth F. Loftus, L. E. Marshall, W. L. Marshall, James McGuire, Neil McKeganey, T. M. McMillan, Mary McMurran, Joav Merrick, Becky Milne, Joanne M. Nadkarni, Claire Nee, M. D. O’Brien, William O’Donohue, Darragh O’Neill, Jane Palmer, Adria Pearson, Derek Perkins, Devon L. L. Polaschek, Louise E. Porter, Charlotte C. Powell, Graham E. Powell, Martine Powell, Christine Puckering, Ethel Quayle, Vernon L. Quinsey, Marnie E. Rice, Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard, Richard Rogers, Louis B Schlesinger, Carolyn Semmler, G. A. Serran, Ralph C. Serin, John L. Taylor, Max Taylor, Brian Thomas-Peter, Paul A. Tiffin, Graham Towl, Rosie Travers, Arlene Vetere, Graham Wagstaff, Helen Wakeling, Fiona Warren, Brandon C. Welsh, David Wexler, Margaret Wilson, Dan Yarmey, Susan Young
- Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 29 April 2010, pp xix-xxiii
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- By Jennifer Alvarez, Ananda B. Amstadter, Metin Başoğlu, David M. Benedek, Charles C. Benight, George A. Bonanno, Evelyn J. Bromet, Richard A. Bryant, Barbara Lopes Cardozo, M. L. Somchai Chakkraband, Claude Chemtob, Roman Cieslak, Lauren M. Conoscenti, Joan M. Cook, Judith Cukor, Carla Kmett Danielson, JoAnn Difede, Charles DiMaggio, Anja J.E. Dirkzwager, Cristiane S. Duarte, Jon D. Elhai, Diane L. Elmore, Yael L.E. Errera, Julian D. Ford, Carol S. Fullerton, Sandro Galea, Freya Goodhew, Neil Greenberg, Lindsay Greene, Linda Grievink, Michael J. Gruber, Sumati Gupta, Johan M. Havenaar, Alesia O. Hawkins, Clare Henn-Haase, Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, Christina W. Hoven, Sabra S. Inslicht, Krzysztof Kaniasty, Ronald C. Kessler, Rachel Kimerling, Richard V. King, Rolf J. Kleber, Jessica Mass Levitt, Brett T. Litz, Maria Livanou, Katelyn P. Mack, Paula Madrid, Shira Maguen, Paul Maguire, Donald J. Mandell, Charles R. Marmar, Andrea R. Maxwell, Shannon E. McCaslin, Alexander C. McFarlane, Thomas J. Metzler, Summer Nelson, Yuval Neria, Elana Newman, Thomas C. Neylan, Fran H. Norris, Carol S. North, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Benjaporn Panyayong, Maria Petukhova, Betty Pfefferbaum, Marleen Radigan, Beverley Raphael, James Rodriguez, G. James Rubin, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Ebru Şalcıoğlu, Nancy A. Sampson, Arieh Y. Shalev, Bruce Shapiro, Laura M. Stough, Prawate Tantipiwatanaskul, Warunee Thienkrua, Phebe Tucker, J. Blake Turner, Robert J. Ursano, Bellis van den Berg, Peter G. van der Velden, Frits van Griensven, Miranda Van Hooff, Edward Waldrep, Philip S. Wang, Simon Wessely, Leslie H. Wind, C. Joris Yzermans, Heidi M. Zinzow
- Edited by Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Sandro Galea, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Fran H. Norris
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- Book:
- Mental Health and Disasters
- Published online:
- 07 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 20 July 2009, pp xi-xvi
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Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe
- Michael King, Irwin Nazareth, Gus Levy, Carl Walker, Richard Morris, Scott Weich, Juan Ángel Bellón-Saameño, Berta Moreno, Igor Švab, Danica Rotar, J. Rifel, Heidi-Ingrid Maaroos, Anu Aluoja, Ruth Kalda, Jan Neeleman, Mirjam I. Geerlings, Miguel Xavier, Manuel Caldas de Almeida, Bernardo Correa, Francisco Torres-Gonzalez
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 192 / Issue 5 / May 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 362-367
- Print publication:
- May 2008
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Background
There is evidence that the prevalence of common mental disorders varies across Europe.
AimsTo compare prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees in six European countries.
MethodUnselected attendees to general practices in the UK, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia, Estonia and The Netherlands were assessed for major depression, panic syndrome and other anxiety syndrome. Prevalence of DSM–IV major depression, other anxiety syndrome and panic syndrome was compared between the UK and other countries after taking account of differences in demographic factors and practice consultation rates.
ResultsPrevalence was estimated in 2344 men and 4865 women. The highest prevalence for all disorders occurred in the UK and Spain, and lowest in Slovenia and The Netherlands. Men aged 30–50 and women aged 18–30 had the highest prevalence of major depression; men aged 40–60 had the highest prevalence of anxiety, and men and women aged 40–50 had the highest prevalence of panic syndrome. Demographic factors accounted for the variance between the UK and Spain but otherwise had little impact on the significance of observed country differences.
ConclusionsThese results add to the evidence for real differences between European countries in prevalence of psychological disorders and show that the burden of care on general practitioners varies markedly between countries.
Caring for adults with congenital cardiac disease: successes and challenges for 2007 and beyond
- Joseph A. Dearani, Heidi M. Connolly, Richard Martinez, Hector Fontanet, Gary D. Webb
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 17 / Issue S4 / September 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 November 2007, pp. 87-96
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Patients with congenital cardiac disease require lifelong medical care. Current challenges that face practitioners who care for adults with congenital heart disease include identifying the best location for procedures, which could be a children’s hospital, an adult hospital, or a tertiary care facility; providing appropriate antenatal management of pregnant women with congenitally malformed hearts, and continuing this care in the peripartum period; and securing the infrastructure and expertise of the non-cardiac subspecialties, such as nephrology, hepatology, pulmonary medicine, and haematology. The objectives of this review are to outline the common problems that confront this population of patients and the medical community, to identify challenges encountered in establishing a programme for care of adults with congenitally malformed hearts, and to review the spectrum of disease and operations that have been identified in a high volume tertiary care centre for adult patients with congenital cardiac disease. Three chosen examples of the fundamental problems facing the practitioner and patient in the United States of America in 2007 are the neglected patient with congenital cardiac disease, weak infrastructure for adults with congenital cardiac disease, and family planning and management of pregnancy for patients with congenital cardiac disease.
Patients with adult congenital cardiac disease often do not receive appropriate surveillance. Three fundamental reasons for this problem are, first, that most adults with congenitally malformed hearts have been lost to follow-up by specialists, and are either receiving community care or no care at all. Second, patients and their families have not been educated about their malformed hearts, what to expect, and how to protect their interests most effectively. Third, adult physicians have not been educated about the complexity of the adult with a congenitally malformed heart. This combination can be fatal for adults with complications related to their congenitally malformed heart, or its prior treatment. Two solutions would improve surveillance and care for the next generation of patients coming out of the care of paediatric cardiologists. The first would be to educate patients and their families during childhood and adolescence. They would learn the names of the diagnoses and treatments, the problems they need to anticipate and avoid, the importance of expert surveillance, career and family planning information, and appropriate self-management. The second solution would be to encourage an orderly transfer of patients from paediatric to adult practice, usually at about 18 years of age, and at the time of graduation from high school.
Clinics for adults with congenital cardiac disease depend upon multidisciplinary collaboration with specialties in areas such as congenital cardiac imaging, diagnostic and interventional catheterization, congenital cardiac surgery and anaesthesia, heart failure, transplantation, electrophysiology, reproductive and high risk pregnancy services, genetics, pulmonary hypertension, hepatology, nephrology, haematology, and others. None of these services are easily available “off the rack”, although with time, experience, and determination, these services can develop very well. Facilities with experienced personnel to provide competent care for adults with congenital cardiac disease are becoming increasingly available. Parents and patients should learn that these facilities exist, and be directed to one by their paediatric caregivers when the time comes for transition to adult care.
With the steady increase in the number of adults with congenital heart disease, an ever increasing number of women with such disease are becoming pregnant. Services are not widely available to assess competently and plan a pregnancy for those with more complex disease. It is essential to have a close interplay between the obstetrician, the adult congenital cardiologist, the fetal medicine perinatologist, and neonatologist.
In both a community based programme and a tertiary care centre, the nuances and complexities of congenital cardiac anatomy, coupled with the high probability of previous operation during childhood, makes the trained congenital cardiothoracic surgeon best suited to deal with the surgical needs of this growing population. It is clear that the majority of adults with congenital heart disease are not “cured”, but require lifelong comprehensive care from specialists who have expertise in this complex arena. There is a growing cadre of healthcare professionals dedicated to improving the care of these patients. More information has become available about their care, and will be improved upon in the next decade. With the support of the general paediatric and paediatric cardiologic communities, and of the Adult Congenital Heart Association, and with the persistence of the providers of care for adults with congenital cardiac disease currently staffing clinics, the care of these patients should become more secure in the next decade as we mature our capabilities.
Comparison of a picture-sort food-frequency questionnaire with 24-hour dietary recalls in an elderly Utah population
- Heidi J Wengreen, Ronald G Munger, Siew Sun Wong, Nancy A West, Richard Cutler
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 4 / Issue 5 / October 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2007, pp. 961-970
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Objective:
To evaluate the 137-item Utah Picture-sort Food-frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in the measurement of usual dietary intake in older adults.
Design:The picture-sort FFQ was administered at baseline and again one year later. Three seasonal 24-hour dietary recall interviews were collected during the year between the two FFQs. Mean nutrient intakes were compared between methods and between administrations of the FFQ.
Setting:The FFQ interviews were administered in respondents' homes or care-centres. The 24-hour diet recalls were conducted by telephone interview on random days of the week.
Subjects:Two-hundred-and-eight men and women aged 55–84 years were recruited by random sample of controls from a case–control study of nutrition and bone health in Utah.
Results:After adjustment for total energy intake, median Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the two picture-sort FFQs were 0.69 for men aged ≤69 years, 0.66 for men aged >69 years; and 0.68 for women aged ≤69 years, 0.67 for women aged >69 years. Median correlation coefficients between methods were 0.50 for men ≤69 years old, 0.52 for men >69 years old; 0.55 for women ≤69 years old, 0.46 for women >69 years old.
Conclusions:We report intake correlations between methods and administrations comparable to those reported in the literature for traditional paper-and-pencil FFQs and one other picture-sort method of FFQ. This dietary assessment method may improve ease and accuracy of response in this and other populations with low literacy levels, poor memory skill, impaired hearing, or poor vision.
Chemical-Biological-Radiological-Nuclear (CBRN) Analytical Framework Based upon the “Guidelines for Emergency Response in the Utstein Style”, Developed by the World Association of Disaster and Emergency Medicine
- D. D. Schnelle, Lynn Difato, Commander Richard Guzman, Brian E. Jones, Michael Gately, Craig Cullen, Heidi E. Brown, Lara Feldhausen
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 17 / Issue S2 / December 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 April 2022, p. S3
- Print publication:
- December 2002
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Does equalization of family sizes reduce genetic adaptation to captivity?
- Richard Frankham, Heidi Manning, Sienna H Margan, David A. Briscoe
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- Journal:
- Animal Conservation forum / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / November 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 January 2001, pp. 357-363
- Print publication:
- November 2000
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Genetic adaptation to captive environments is likely to reduce the reproductive fitness of endangered species when they are reintroduced into natural environments. Equalization of family sizes is predicted to halve genetic adaptation to captivity as it removes selection among families and is recommended in captive management of threatened species. This prediction was evaluated by comparing the reproductive fitnesses of replicate populations of Drosophila maintained using either equal (EFS) or variable family sizes (VFS) for 25 generations in captivity under uncrowded conditions on a medium containing CuSO4. After 25 generations, EFS populations produced 8.8% more offspring per pair than their outbred base population on CuSO4 medium, while VFS produced 17.5% more. Consequently, the rate of genetic adaptation to captivity in EFS was about half that in VFS, as predicted. In simulated ‘wild’ conditions (crowded, competitive conditions on medium lacking CuSO4), both treatments showed much lower reproductive fitness than their outbred base population, the reductions being 38% in EFS populations and 43% in VFS populations. Surprisingly, reproductive fitness of the two treatments did not differ significantly under these conditions. These results raise doubts about the ability of equalization of family sizes to reduce genetic deterioration that adversely affects reintroduction success for captive populations of endangered species.