152 results
Overall glycaemic index and dietary glycaemic load and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort
- Leticia Palma, Dalia Stern, Salvador Zamora-Muñoz, Adriana Monge, Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos, Juan E. Hernández-Ávila, Martin Lajous
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- British Journal of Nutrition , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2024, pp. 1-10
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Previous studies have found direct associations between glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with chronic diseases. However, this evidence has not been consistent in relation to mortality, and most data regarding this association come from high-income and low-carbohydrate-intake populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the overall GI and dietary GL and all-cause mortality, CVD and breast cancer mortality in Mexico. Participants from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC) study in 2006–2008 were followed for a median of 10 years. Overall GI and dietary GL were calculated from a validated FFQ. Deaths were identified by the cross-linkage of MTC participants with two national mortality registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the impact of GI and GL on mortality. We identified 1198 deaths. Comparing the lowest and highest quintile, dietary GI and GL appeared to be marginally associated with all-cause mortality; GI, 1·12 (95 % CI: 0·93, 1·35); GL, 1·12 (95 % CI: 0·87, 1·44). Higher GI and GL were associated with increased risk of CVD mortality, GI, 1·30 (95 % CI: 0·82, 2·08); GL, 1·64 (95 % CI: 0·87, 3·07) and with greater risk of breast cancer mortality; GI, 2·13 (95 % CI: 1·12, 4·06); GL, 2·43 (95 % CI: 0·90, 6·59). It is necessary to continue the improvement of carbohydrate quality indicators to better guide consumer choices and to lead the Mexican population to limit excessive intake of low-quality carbohydrate foods.
Use of virtual reality in bipolar disorder: a systematic review
- Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Omar Rios Hernandez, Sandra Gómez Vallejo, Allan H. Young, Matteo Cella, Lucia Valmaggia
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- Psychological Medicine , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 September 2024, pp. 1-16
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Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows to interact with recreated digital environments and situations with enhanced realism. VR has shown good acceptability and promise in different mental health conditions. No systematic review has evaluated the use of VR in Bipolar Disorder (BD). This PRISMA-compliant systematic review searched PubMed and Web of Science databases (PROSPERO: CRD42023467737) to identify studies conducted in individuals with BD in which VR was used. Results were systematically synthesized around four categories (cognitive and functional evaluation, clinical assessment, response to VR and safety/acceptability). Eleven studies were included (267 individuals, mean age = 36.6 years, 60.7% females). Six studies using VR to carry out a cognitive evaluation detected impairments in neuropsychological performance and delayed reaction times. VR was used to assess emotional regulation. No differences in well-being between VR-based and physical calm rooms were found. A VR-based stress management program reduced subjective stress, depression, and anxiety levels. VR-based cognitive remediation improved cognition, depressive symptoms, and emotional awareness. 48.7% of the individuals with BD considered VR-based cognitive remediation ‘excellent’, whereas 28.2% considered it ‘great’. 87.2% of individuals did not report any side effects. 81.8% of studies received a global quality rating of moderate. Emerging data point towards a promising use of VR in BD as an acceptable assessment/intervention tool. However, multiple unstudied domains as comorbidity, relapse and prodromal symptoms should be investigated. Research on children and adolescents is also recommended. Further research and replication of findings are required to disentangle which VR-interventions for which populations and outcomes are effective.
How to have an acute gastroenteritis and an Anxiety Disorder at the same time: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) Case Series
- P. A. Hernández Liebo, J. Romay González, C. Sevilla Díez, O. S. Anabitarte Bautista, L. Cayón de la Hoz, G. E. Cortez Astudillo, M. Polo Gay, R. Obeso Menéndez, M. Hoyuelos Cob, M. Gómez Revuelta
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S565-S566
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Introduction
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is an underrecognized condition characterized by acute episodes of intractable nausea and vomiting, colic abdominal pain and restlessness related to chronic cannabis use. Antiemetics commonly fail to alleviate the severe nausea and vomiting. A very particular finding is the symptomatic relief with hot water. Antipsychotics (such as haloperidol), benzodiazepines and/or capsaicin cream appear to be the most efficacious in the treatment of this unique disorder. Precisely, it has been studied that transient relief of symptoms with topic capsaicin or hot water share the same pathophysiology. Nevertheless, abstinence from cannabis remains the most effective way of mitigating morbidity associated with CHS.
ObjectivesThe objective is to study this phenomenom in our hospital and to alert of its existence in order to avoid a suspected misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis.
MethodsWe report a case series of seven patients who attended the Emergency Room (ER) of a third level hospital located in Cantabria (Spain) where a psychiatric evaluation was demanded.
ResultsThe reasons for consultation were agitation and/or compulsive vomit provocation and showers. They were all women, with a median age of 29 years (range 21 to 38), who all smoked cannabis and in probable high doses (seven to up to twenty joints per day, information was missing in three of the patients) and probable long duration of consumption (more than nine years up to twenty-three, information was missing in three of the patients).
One of the most striking findings is the time to diagnosis, being the median of years of more than eight (range from two to twenty-one). In all of the cases there is a hyperfrequentation to the ER for this reason (not counting other emergency centres we have in Cantabria which we don´t have access to), being the average of almost twenty-two times (thirteen up to thirty times), not diagnosing it until last visits. Another interesting fact is that Psychiatric evaluation is done approximately in a third of the visits, being the department that makes all of the diagnosis except in one case. In all of the cases there are a lot of diagnostic orientation doubts from different medical departments, being the two most common psychiatric misdiagnosis: Other Specified Anxiety Disorder and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder. Two of the patients were hospitalized in an acute psychiatric unit for this reason, one of them nine times and the other patient, twice.
ConclusionsCHS has a very particular presentation which makes its recognition very simple. From our experience, it is an unknown entity for most of the doctors, something that needs to change in order to make a correct therapeutic management. Larger studies need to be done to make this findings more solid and for further information.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
200 Assessing Pre-Diabetes Knowledge, Attitudes, & Needs: A Study of the CHW Translational Advisory Board of South Texas
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- Elisabeth de la Rosa, Paula Winkler, Ariel Gomez, Belinda Flores, Ludivina Hernandez, Sharon Elwin, Virginia Lopez, April Kneuper, Vanessa Ortiz, Martha Flores, Raquel Romero, Kathryn E. Kanzler, The Community Health Worker Translational Advisory Board (TAB)
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 8 / Issue s1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 April 2024, pp. 61-62
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The CHW TAB is exploring pre-diabetes knowledge and perceived needs in south Texas to facilitate the role of CHWs to increase the capacity of community members to better manage their prediabetes diabetes risk. The long-term goal of this project is to show how the diagnosis of pre-diabetes can be managed to prevent type 2 diabetes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We selected a two-pronged approach to gather quantitative and qualitative data. CHW TAB members collected data participated in different aspects of the project (e.g., study design, survey development, etc.). Data collection procedures include Quantitative - a 9-item survey in English and Spanish administered by each participating CHW in 2022 at community events. One hundred surveys were collected. In Phase 2: Qualitative, participants attended focus groups to gather in-depth data about pre-diabetes management, including challenges and opportunities, which will inform CHW-led intervention development. Eight English and one Spanish focus groups, with 65 participants in 6 counties were completed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This project is still in progress. Preliminary results show that most survey participants identify as Hispanic, and half have been diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Additionally, 87.8% report that prediabetes is a problem in their community. Preliminary focus group findings indicate that knowledge and support for managing prediabetes is missingin South Texas. Many participants report feeling “doomed” to develop type 2 diabetes but are eager to share their experiences. Additionally, participants report that family and culture play a huge part in their ability to eat healthier foods. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings can help identify knowledge gaps, strengths, and areas for promoting and empowering better health behaviors among those who have pre-diabetes. Participant feedback and focus group responses will inform a CHW-led educational intervention through our TAB.
482 Improvement of health outcomes and quality of life of Hispanic older adults in Puerto Rico through participation in a Physical Activity (PA) Community-based Program
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- Felix J. Roman - Hernandez, Maria Danet Lapiz - Bluhm, Abdiel Gomez – Santos, Wilnelys M. Montalvo – Caraballo
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 8 / Issue s1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 April 2024, p. 142
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The proposed study aims to improve physical and mental health outcomes among Hispanic older adults who live alone in a low-income San Juan, Puerto Rico community through weekly PA groups. Specific outcomes include measures of loneliness, social isolation, depression, physical mobility, metabolic indicators, and other health indicators. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data will be collected at three time points: Pre (Week 1), Mid (Week 6), and Post (Week 12) intervention. Currently, the community has 50 residents over 65 years old who live under the poverty index and receive multiple social benefits. Various tools will be implemented to measure loneliness (University of California Los Angeles – Loneliness Scale-10 items), social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale-6 items), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale-10 items), physical mobility (Time Up and Go Test), metabolic health indicators (hemoglobin A1c and glucose) and other health indicators (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol, as well as body mass index (BMI)). These measurements will determine if participation in PA groups is associated with improvement of the variables measured. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: It is expected that the baseline scores of older Hispanic adults in terms of loneliness, social isolation, depression, physical mobility, metabolic indicators (i.e., cholesterol level and hemoglobin A1c), and other health indicators (blood pressure or BP and BMI) will be lower compared to those after participation in the Physical Activity Program. More frequent participation will be associated with more significant improvement in measured variables. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Results from this study will determine the effectiveness of community-based PA interventions in addressing loneliness, social isolation, depression, physical mobility, and metabolic factors (hemoglobin A1c and glucose) in elderly minority Hispanic populations as a means of improving their health outcomes and quality of life.
Incidence and risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection in 623 intensive care units throughout 37 Asian, African, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern nations: A multinational prospective research of INICC
- Victor Daniel Rosenthal, Ruijie Yin, Eric Christopher Brown, Brandon Hochahn Lee, Camilla Rodrigues, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Mohit Kharbanda, Prasad Rajhans, Yatin Mehta, Subhash Kumar Todi, Sushmita Basu, Suneeta Sahu, Shakti Bedanta Mishra, Rajesh Chawla, Pravin K. Nair, Rajalakshmi Arjun, Deepak Singla, Kavita Sandhu, Vijayanand Palaniswamy, Arpita Bhakta, Mohd-Basri Mat Nor, Tai Chian-Wern, Ider Bat-Erdene, Subhash P. Acharya, Aamer Ikram, Nellie Tumu, Lili Tao, Gustavo Andres Alvarez, Sandra Liliana Valderrama-Beltran, Luisa Fernanda Jiménez-Alvarez, Claudia Milena Henao-Rodas, Katherine Gomez, Lina Alejandra Aguilar-Moreno, Yuliana Andrea Cano-Medina, Maria Adelia Zuniga-Chavarria, Guadalupe Aguirre-Avalos, Alejandro Sassoe-Gonzalez, Mary Cruz Aleman-Bocanegra, Blanca Estela Hernandez-Chena, Maria Isabel Villegas-Mota, Daisy Aguilar-de-Moros, Alex Castañeda-Sabogal, Eduardo Alexandrino Medeiros, Lourdes Dueñas, Nilton Yhuri Carreazo, Estuardo Salgado, Safaa Abdulaziz-Alkhawaja, Hala Mounir Agha, Amani Ali El-Kholy, Mohammad Abdellatif Daboor, Ertugrul Guclu, Oguz Dursun, Iftihar Koksal, Merve Havan, Suna Secil Ozturk-Deniz, Dincer Yildizdas, Emel Okulu, Abeer Aly Omar, Ziad A. Memish, Jarosław Janc, Sona Hlinkova, Wieslawa Duszynska, George Horhat-Florin, Lul Raka, Michael M. Petrov, Zhilin Jin
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 45 / Issue 5 / May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 January 2024, pp. 567-575
- Print publication:
- May 2024
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Objective:
To identify urinary catheter (UC)–associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) incidence and risk factors.
Design:A prospective cohort study.
Setting:The study was conducted across 623 ICUs of 224 hospitals in 114 cities in 37 African, Asian, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries.
Participants:The study included 169,036 patients, hospitalized for 1,166,593 patient days.
Methods:Data collection took place from January 1, 2014, to February 12, 2022. We identified CAUTI rates per 1,000 UC days and UC device utilization (DU) ratios stratified by country, by ICU type, by facility ownership type, by World Bank country classification by income level, and by UC type. To estimate CAUTI risk factors, we analyzed 11 variables using multiple logistic regression.
Results:Participant patients acquired 2,010 CAUTIs. The pooled CAUTI rate was 2.83 per 1,000 UC days. The highest CAUTI rate was associated with the use of suprapubic catheters (3.93 CAUTIs per 1,000 UC days); with patients hospitalized in Eastern Europe (14.03) and in Asia (6.28); with patients hospitalized in trauma (7.97), neurologic (6.28), and neurosurgical ICUs (4.95); with patients hospitalized in lower–middle-income countries (3.05); and with patients in public hospitals (5.89).
The following variables were independently associated with CAUTI: Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.01; P < .0001), female sex (aOR, 1.39; P < .0001), length of stay (LOS) before CAUTI-acquisition (aOR, 1.05; P < .0001), UC DU ratio (aOR, 1.09; P < .0001), public facilities (aOR, 2.24; P < .0001), and neurologic ICUs (aOR, 11.49; P < .0001).
Conclusions:CAUTI rates are higher in patients with suprapubic catheters, in middle-income countries, in public hospitals, in trauma and neurologic ICUs, and in Eastern European and Asian facilities.
Based on findings regarding risk factors for CAUTI, focus on reducing LOS and UC utilization is warranted, as well as implementing evidence-based CAUTI-prevention recommendations.
The Influence of High-Concentration Na Hexametaphosphate Dispersant on the Rheological Behavior of Aqueous Kaolin Dispersions
- Francisco-José Rubio-Hernández, Nicolás-Marcelo Páez-Flor, Ana-Isabel Gómez-Merino, Francisco-José Sánchez-Luque, Reinaldo Delgado-García, Leonardo Goyos-Pérez
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 64 / Issue 3 / June 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 210-219
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Previous studies of dispersant—aqueous kaolin dispersions have indicated clearly that the concentration of the dispersant determines the type of rheological behavior. Those studies focused on the use of dispersant concentrations below the limit of saturation, ignoring what might have happened at concentrations above that limit, and the practical uses to which such information might be put. The present study examined the influence of sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant on the viscous and viscoelastic properties of aqueous kaolin dispersions when its concentration was greater than the saturation limit. A concentric-cylinders geometry sensor system (with a narrow gap between the cylinders) was used to test the rheological behavior of Na hexametaphosphate-aqueous kaolin dispersions. Aqueous kaolin dispersions were viscoplastic, thixotropic, and viscoelastic fluids. The analysis of frequency sweep tests in the linear viscoelastic limit and steady-flow curves led to the conclusion that an increase in the dispersant concentration above the limit of saturation gave way to ‘solid-like’ dispersions.
89 Depression and Executive Function in a Mexican Population
- Natalia Lozano Acosta, Yvette De Jesus, Krissy E Smith, Isabel D.C. Munoz, Adriana Cuello Cancino, Mariam Gomez, Raymundo Cervantes, Daniel W Lopez Hernandez
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 289-290
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Objective:
Depression is a mood or emotional state that is characterized by feelings of sadness (i.e., a loss of interest in activities, low self-worth) for a minimum of two weeks. Executive function is a set of mental processes that are necessary for cognitive control of behavior to achieve and successfully execute a specific goal (e.g., inhibition). Researchers have reported that people with abnormal symptoms of depression (ASD) demonstrate worse executive functioning abilities (e.g., planning) compared to persons with normal symptoms of depression (NSD). Currently, there is a lack of research studies examining how depressive symptoms influence executive functioning in people that identify as Mexican. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of depression on executive functioning in a healthy Mexican Spanish speaking population. We hypothesized that participants with NSD would demonstrate better executive functioning abilities compared to participants with ASD.
Participants and Methods:The sample in the present study consisted of 87 neurologically and psychologically healthy Mexican participants all residing in Mexico. Mean age was 24.71 (SD = 9.66) and 14.78 (SD = 4.50) years of education completed. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery in Spanish and were divided into two groups: NSD (n = 61) and ASD (n = 26). The Stroop Color Word Test - Color-Word (SCWT-CW) task, phonemic verbal fluency task consisting of three trials, and semantic verbal fluency task consisting of one trial were used to evaluate executive functioning. In addition, participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Spanish to report the current level of depression. ANCOVAS, controlling for age were used to examine executive functioning performance. We used a threshold of p < .05 for statistical significance.
Results:ANCOVAS revealed the NSD group outperformed the ASD group on the SCWT-CW task, p = .004, np2 = .10. We also found the NSD group outperformed the ASD group on the phonemic verbal fluency task, p = .045, np2 = .05. Finally, no significant differences were found between depression groups on the semantic verbal fluency task.
Conclusions:As we predicted, the NSD group demonstrated better executive functioning abilities compared to the ASD group, except on the semantic verbal fluency task. Our data suggests that the current level of depression have a significant influence on verbal executive functioning abilities in a Spanish speaking population. Future studies with larger sample size should evaluate if current symptoms of depression influence non-verbal executive functioning abilities in a Spanish speaking Mexican population.
25 Exploring Phonemic and Semantic Fluency Ability Across Multiple Generations
- Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Dorthy Schmidt, Krissy E Smith, Brittany Heuchert, Adriana C Cuello, Natalia L Acosta, Miriam Gomez, Isabel D Munoz, Yvette D Jesus, Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 438-439
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Objective:
Verbal fluency tasks evaluate executive functioning by requiring a person to provide words within a certain time period that start with a certain letter (phonemic fluency) or category (semantic fluency). Research shows that age impacts test takers’ phonemic and semantic verbal fluency performance. In fact, it has been suggested that phonemic verbal fluency peaks around age 30 to 39 and begins to decline at older ages. In contrast to phonemic fluency, research suggests that semantic fluency increases steadily between test takers until age 12 and begins declining around age 20. A generation is a cohort of people born within a certain period who share age and experiences. Studies show that Generation X individuals (persons born between 1965-1980) outperform Generation Y (persons born between 19811995) and Generation Z individuals (persons born between 1965-1980) on the Cordoba Naming Test. To our knowledge, no study has investigated verbal fluency performance across generational groups. We predicted that Generation X individuals would outperform individuals from Generation Y and Z on both verbal fluency measures.
Participants and Methods:The sample of the present study consisted of 107 participants with a mean age of 27.39 (SD = 9.16). Participants were divided into three groups: Generation X (n = 19), Generation Y (n = 52), and Generation Z (n = 36). The phonemic verbal fluency task consisted of three trials and the semantic verbal fluency task consisted of one trial, one minute each. A series of ANCOVAs with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to evaluate verbal fluency performance between generational groups. All participants passed performance validity testing.
Results:We found significant differences between our generational groups on both verbal fluency tasks. Post-hoc tests revealed that the Generation Y group outperformed both Generation X and Z groups on both verbal fluency tasks, p’s <.05, np2 =.11 -.16. No significant differences were found on either verbal fluency task between the Generation X and Z groups.
Conclusions:Contrary to our hypothesis, Generation Y individuals possessed better phonemic and semantic fluency than both Generation X and Z individuals. Meanwhile, Generation X individuals did not significantly differ on any of the verbal fluency tasks compared to Generation Z individuals. Speaking multiple languages has been shown to impact verbal fluency performance. In our sample, the Generation X and Z groups consisted primarily of bilingual speakers compared to the Generation Y group. Examining generational differences is essential to understand the unique characteristics and impact of the times in which various individuals have grown up. Future research, for instance, should evaluate the influence of bilingualism across generational groups on verbal fluency performance.
30 Analyzing Spanish Speakers Cordoba Naming Test Performance
- Raymundo Cervantes, Isabel D.C. Munoz, Estefania J. Aguirre, Natalia Lozano Acosta, Mariam Gomez, Adriana C. Cuello, Krissy E. Smith, Diana I. Palacios Mata, Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Yvette De Jesus, Santiago I. Espinoza, Diana M. R. Maqueda, David J. Hardy, Tara L. Victor, Alberto L. Fernandez, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 443-444
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Objective:
A 30-item confrontation naming test was developed in Argentina for Spanish speakers, The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT). The Boston Naming Test is an established confrontation naming task in the United States. Researchers have used the Boston Naming Test to identify individuals with different clinical pathologies (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). The current literature on how Spanish speakers across various countries perform on confrontational naming tasks is limited. To our knowledge, one study investigated CNT performance across three Spanish-speaking countries (i.e., Argentina, Mexico, and Guatemala). Investigators found that the Guatemalan group underperformed on the CNT compared to the Argentine and Mexican groups. The purpose of this study was to extend the current literature and investigate CNT performance across five Spanish-speaking countries (i.e., Argentina, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, United States). We predicted that the Argentine group would outperform the other Spanish-speaking countries.
Participants and Methods:The present study sample consisted of 502 neurologically and psychologically healthy participants with a mean age of 29.06 (SD = 13.41) with 14.75 years of education completed (SD = 3.01). Participants were divided into five different groups based on their country of birth and current country residency (i.e., United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Argentina, & Colombia). All participants consented to voluntary participation and completed the CNT and a comprehensive background questionnaire in Spanish. The CNT consisted of 30 black and white line drawings, ranging from easy to hard in difficulty. An ANCOVA, controlling for gender, education, and age, was used to evaluate CNT performance between the five Spanish-speaking country groups. Meanwhile, a Bonferroni post-hoc test was utilized to evaluate the significant differences between Spanish-speaking groups. We used a threshold of p < .05 for statistical significance.
Results:Results revealed significant group differences between the five Spanish speaking groups on the CNT, p = .000, np2 = .48. Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed that the United States group significantly underperformed on the CNT compared to all the Spanish-speaking groups. Next, we found the Guatemalan group underperformed on the CNT compared to the Argentinian, Mexican, and Colombian groups. Additionally, we found the Argentinian group outperformed the Mexican, Guatemalan, and United States groups on the CNT. No significant differences were found between the Argentinian group and Colombian group or the Mexican group and Colombian group on the CNT.
Conclusions:As predicted, the Argentinian group outperformed all the Spanish-speaking groups on the CNT except the Colombian group. Additionally, we found that the United States group underperformed on the CNT compared to all the Spanish-speaking groups. A possible explanation is that Spanish is not the official language in the United States compared to the rest of the Spanish-speaking groups. Meanwhile, a possible reason why the Argentinian and Colombian groups demonstrated better CNT performances might have been that it was less culturally sensitive than the United States, Mexican, and Guatemalan groups. Further analysis is needed with bigger sample sizes across other Spanish-speaking countries (e.g., Costa Rica, Chile) to evaluate what variables, if any, are influencing CNT performance.
68 Bilinguals' Perceived Workloads on The Boston Naming Test
- Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Yvette D Jesus, Dorthy Schmidt, Brittany Heuchert, Krissy E Smith, Adriana C Cancino, Natalia Lozano, Miriam Gomez, Isabel D Munoz, Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 272-273
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Objective:
The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a 60-item confrontation naming task requiring participants to name a series of pictures. Prior research has shown that bilingual children have smaller vocabularies than monolinguals and that this effect continues into adulthood. Numerous studies have confirmed that bilingual adults name fewer pictures correctly than monolinguals on the BNT. Research also shows that self-reported workload correlates with neuropsychological test performance and that estimates of workload provide additional information regarding cognitive outcomes. Hardy and Wright (2018) conditionally validated a measure of perceived mental workload called the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX; Hart & Staveland 1988) with healthy adults on a neuropsychological test (i.e., the Tower of Hanoi). Research also shows that bilinguals report higher perceived workloads on cognitive tasks compared to monolinguals. Although this work has recently extended to other tests, to our knowledge, the workload profile of the BNT remains relatively unexplored. We evaluated BNT performance and perceived workload via the NASA-TLX in monolinguals and bilinguals. We predicted that monolinguals would outperform bilinguals on the BNT, but that bilinguals would report higher workloads.
Participants and Methods:The study sample consisted of 84 healthy participants (36 monolinguals, 48 bilinguals) with a mean age of 28.94 (SD = 10.76). Participants completed the standard 60-item BNT in English. The NASA-TLX scale was utilized to evaluate perceived workload across six subscales. The NASA-TLX was also completed in English after the completion of the BNT. ANOVAs were used to test BNT performance and perceived workload ratings between our language groups.
Results:We found that monolinguals performed better on the BNT compared to bilinguals, p =.001, np2 = 24. However, bilinguals reported exerting more effort when completing the BNT compared to monolinguals, p =.002, np2 = .11. Additionally. bilinguals also experienced more frustration when completing the BNT compared to monolinguals, p =.034, np2 = .05.
Conclusions:As expected, results revealed that monolinguals outperformed bilingual participants on the BNT. However, bilinguals exerted more effort on the BNT and reported the BNT to be more frustrating. A possible reason for bilinguals underperforming and reporting higher perceived workloads on the BNT may be because correct responses were only accepted in English. This may have caused bilingual speakers to exert increased effort to complete the task in a non-native language. In turn, this increased effort likely increased cognitive load and led to higher frustration levels. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and support the idea that bilingualism leads to perceiving greater effort and frustration, and to determine whether there are subgroup differences in BNT performances among bilingual individuals (e.g., English learned as a first language compared to English learned as a second language).
41 Analyzing Perceived Workloads in Bilinguals and Monolinguals’ Digit Span Performance
- Yvette De Jesus, Krithika Sivaramakrishnan, Adriana Cuello Cancino, Mariam Gomez Curiel, Natalia Lozano Acosta, Isabel D.C. Munoz, Krissy E. Smith, Daniel W. Lopez Hernandez
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, p. 452
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Objective:
A common neuropsychological task used is the Digit Span, known as a test of attention and working memory. The Digit Span Forward (DS-F) task evaluates attention; meanwhile, the Digit Span Backward (DS-B) and Sequencing (DS-S) evaluate working memory. Research shows that persons that speak multiple languages demonstrate better attention and working memory abilities compared to monolingual speakers. The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) was conditionally validated by Hardy and Wright (2018) to measure perceived mental workload. Research also shows that bilinguals report higher perceived workloads on cognitive tasks compared to monolinguals. With that said, it was hypothesized that bilinguals would demonstrate better performances on Digit Span tasks compared to monolinguals. Additionally, it was hypothesized that bilinguals would report higher perceived workloads on all digit span tasks compared to monolinguals.
Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 29 psychologically and neurologically healthy participants with a mean age of 29.66 (SD = 7.14). Participants were divided into two groups: English monolingual speakers (n = 10) and English and other language bilingual speakers (n = 19).
Participants completed all the subtests of the Digit Span (i.e., DS-F, DS-B, DS-S) in English. The NASA-TLX was used to measured DS-F, DS-B, and DS-S perceived workloads. The NASA-TLX was completed after each Digit Span subtest in English. We used ANOVAs to evaluate DS-F, DS-B, and DS-S performance and their perceived workload between our language groups.
Results:We found no significant differences between language groups on the DS-F. However, the bilingual group reported the DS-F to be more temporally demanding and frustrating compared to the monolingual group, p’s < .05, nps2 =.14-.15. Next, we found that the monolingual group outperformed the bilingual group on the DS-B task, p = .027, np2 = .17. On the other hand, the bilingual group reported the DS-B task to be more temporally demanding and frustrating compared to the monolingual group, p’s < .05, nps2=.18-.20. Finally, on the DS-S task the monolingual group outperformed the bilingual group, p = .043, np2 = .14. Meanwhile, the bilingual group reported the DS-S task to be more mentally and temporally demanding compared to the monolingual group, p’s < .05, nps2=.18-.34.
Conclusions:Contrary to our hypothesis, results show that monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on DS-B and DS-S, but not DS-F. However, as expected, bilinguals did report higher perceived workloads (e.g., frustration) on Digit Span tasks compared to monolinguals. A possible explanation could be that bilinguals’ efforts to remember the numbers were more taxing compared to monolinguals’ because they had to inhibit from verbally responding in their other language. Rushing bilinguals to provide responses, ultimately developing higher perceived workloads on Digit Span tasks. Future work should investigate if time perspective may be influencing bilingual speakers Digit Span performances and perceived workloads.
Habitat type affects the structure but not the composition of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a tropical deciduous forest of southeastern Mexico
- Ana del Carmen Gómez-Méndez, Gibrán Sánchez-Hernández, Benigno Gómez, Filiberto González-Martín del Campo
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- Journal:
- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 155 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 August 2023, e25
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In this study, we compared the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera) assemblages between two contrasting habitats (conserved forest versus urban habitat), located between the boundary of an urban zone and a protected area within the Mexican state of Chiapas. We collected 1003 individuals of 22 species and 12 genera. The composition of assemblages was similar between habitats, with a high species dominance. However, the identity of the dominant species differed between habitats, with 11 species considered indicators of one of the two conditions (five species in the conserved forest sites and six species in urban habitat sites), whereas three other species exhibited generalist habits. Large paracoprids predominate in the conserved forest, and small paracoprids in the urban habitat. The apparent homogeneity in the dung beetle assemblages probably is due to the high density of domestic and feral animals replacing native mammals and is promoted by the loss of forest-dependent species caused by continuous landscape fragmentation. Nonetheless, the association of some species with forest habitat and the differences in the structure of functional groups indicate the importance of conserving these forest remnants, which would help to mitigate the negative impact of urbanised areas, as these species are generally sensitive to the habitat fragmentation process.
Antiandrogenic treatment of obsessive compulsive neurosis: A case review
- L. Huerga García, I. Careno Baez, G. Oropeza Hernández, A. Marcos Rodrigo, C. Delgado Torres, G. Garriga Rocío, P. Gómez Pérez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S927
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Introduction
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which patients who suffer from it have repetitive and undesirable thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions) and behaviors that drive them to do something over and over again (compulsions).
Often the person tries to get rid of the obsessive thoughts through compulsions, but this only provides short-term relief. Not carrying out the obsessive rituals can cause enormous anxiety and suffering.
ObjectivesTo describe a 23-year-old male patient, who suffers from anxiety and mood symptoms, reacts to ego-dystonic obsessive ideas and sexual content, of months of evolution, and who manages to calm down through compulsive masturbation or watching sexual videos on the internet. All this clinic negatively interferes with their quality of life, asking the patient for medical help to calm these ideas.
MethodsWe carried out a review in Pubmed with the terms Antiandrogens and TOC, in order to make a better description of the clinical case.
ResultsAfter several treatment attempts (Sertraline, Paroxetine, Clomipramine, Clomipramine + SSRI), reaching maximum doses according to clinical guidelines, and with poor therapeutic response, it was decided to discuss the case with the endocrinology department of our hospital, deciding to start treatment with antiandrogens, in order to alleviate the persistent intrusive ideas of a sexual nature. The administration of antiandrogens in men can cause a decrease or increase in the development or involution of secondary sexual characteristics in men, reducing the activity or function of accessory sexual organs, and hyposexuality, with decreased sexual desire or libido.
After several weeks, there was improvement in the obsessive symptoms with a decrease in compulsive rituals. However, after the 3rd mo, some symptoms reappeared, but not with the same severity and intensity as before treatment. In addition, we cannot ignore the adverse effects that have occurred, such as involution of secondary sexual characteristics. However, and taking into account the negative repercussion that this clinic had on the patient’s quality of life, the benefit obtained exceeded the risk, having noted clear improvement with this therapy, and maintaining evolutionary controls by both psychiatry and endocrinology.
ConclusionsPatients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder can be effectively treated with anti-androgenic pharmacological agents with various modes of action. The most effective group of such agents is the long-acting analogues of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The objective of this review is to elucidate the possibility of using such powerful anti-androgenic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Intranasal Esketamine administration in catatonia: a case report.
- J. Romay, C. Sevilla, P. Hernandez, I. Lastra, G. Isidro, L. Cayon, G. Cortez, O. Anabitarte, P. Ijalba, M. Gomez Revuelta
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S956
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Introduction
Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome that often goes unrecognized and, consequently, untreated. Prompt and correct identification of catatonia allows for highly effective treatment and prevention of possible complications. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are the most widely studied treatment methods. However, no uniform treatment method has yet been brought forward and no previous attempts to treat catatonia on a patient suffering concomitant major depressive disorder (MDD) with NMDA receptor antagonists have been documented so far.
ObjectivesTo describe the unknown and novel management of catatonia and MDD with intranasal esketamine, a NMDA receptor antagonist.
MethodsA 55-year-old woman with a diagnosis of long-standing recurrent major depressive disorder who was admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit of UniversityHospital Marqués de Valdecilla (Santander, Spain) suffering a complex catatonic, mutative state framed on a severe MDD. Different ineffective therapeutic interventions were deployed during the course of her illness. After failing to improve under conventional pharmacological treatment and ECT, and given the complexity of peripheral venous access on this patient (which disabled the option for iv ketamine use), we decided to initiate compassionate treatment with intranasal esketamine.
ResultsIntranasal esketamine was effective in the resolution of patient’s complex catatonic state. Clinical response from catatonia was observed after 6 intranasal esketamine administrations (2-week follow-up), reaching full catatonia and MDD remission after 12 sessions in absence of significant adverse events
ConclusionsEsketamine showed promising effectiveness for the treatment of catatonia in the context of MDD, although further research on this topic is needed.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How do men differ from women? Case-Control study on clinic and personality characteristics of eating disorders
- F. Ruiz Guerrero, J. Gonzalez Gómez, C. Cobo Gutierrez, L. Castro Fuentes, C. Hernández Jimenez, J. Romay González, A. Gómez del Barrio
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S849-S850
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Introduction
A review of the literature shows how female sex is a crucial factor in the development of ED, being the proportion of women and men 10 to 1 regardless of the location of the sample (Duncan, Ziobrowski & Nicol, 2017) and different clinical subtypes (AN, BN) (Swanson et al., 2011). However, male population has always been less studied, some works find that only 1% of the articles published in AN is aimed at the study of males (Galusca, 2012).
Nowadays it is accepted that the etiopathogenesis of these disorders is multifactorial and in addition to female gender other risk factors have been identified, such as neurobiological alterations, psychological predictors, personality traits, low self-esteem, extreme perfectionism or thinness values focused on body and figure. On the other hand, certain impulsive behaviours such as self-harm, substance use, physical activity or diets are factors that may be confused as predisposing or as symptoms of the pathology itself (Connan et al., 2003, Treasure, Stein and Maguire, 2015).
Recently, Kinasz, Accurso, Kass and Le Grange (2016) have compared the clinical characteristics that differentiate men (59) from women (560) in a sample of children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years-old, finding that males presented an earlier start of the ED and not appreciating differences in the duration of the disease, income, episodes of purgue and psychiatric comorbidity of anxiety, behaviour disorders or impulsivity.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in clinical characteristics, levels of depression, previous obsessiveness and personality dimensions in eating disorders (ED) compared with controls.
MethodsA total of 80 participants was divided into 4 groups, 20 men and 20 women with ED and 20 men and 20 women without ED (healthy control), matched by age and socioeconomic status. The design of the study was case-control, and data was collected through clinical interview and a battery of cuestionaires.
ResultsMen with ED only differ in vigorous physical activity (measured by IPAQ) from controls and women with pathology. Regarding personality traits, men and women with ED do not differ among them, although they do differ in novelty search and harm avoidance respect to their controls.
ConclusionsBehaviors such as physical activity in males frame a slightly different way of reducing their discomfort, however, clinical implication indicates that the treatment may be similar according to gender.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Examining the ontogeny of the Pennsylvanian cladid crinoid Erisocrinus typus Meek and Worthen, 1865
- Noel J. Hernandez Gomez, Lisette E. Melendez, Whitney A. Lapic, Sarah L. Sheffield, Ronald D. Lewis
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 97 / Issue 4 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 July 2023, pp. 906-913
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Crinoids were major constituents of late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) marine ecosystems, but their rapid disarticulation rates after death result in few well-preserved specimens, limiting the study of their growth. This is amplified for cladids, who had among the highest disarticulation rates of all Paleozoic crinoids due to the relatively loose suturing of the calyx plates. However, Erisocrinus typus Meek and Worthen, 1865 has been found in unusually large numbers, most preserved as cups but some as nearly complete crowns, in the Barnsdall Formation in Oklahoma. The Barnsdall Formation, a Koncentrat Lagerstätte, is composed predominantly of fine- to medium-grained sandstone, overlain by mudstone and shale; severe compaction of the fossils in the mudstone and shale layer in this formation allowed for exceptional preservation of the plates. Herein, we summarize a growth study based on 10 crowns of E. typus, showcasing a well-defined growth series of this species from the Barnsdall Formation, including fossils from juvenile stages of development, which are rarely preserved. We used high-resolution photographs imported into ImageJ and recorded measurements of the cup and arms for all nondistorted or disarticulated plates. Results show that the plates of the cup grew anisometrically with both positive and negative allometry. The primibrachial plates of E. typus grew with positive allometry. The brachial plates started as uniserial (i.e., cuneiform) as juveniles but shifted to be biserial. Erisocrinus typus broadly shares similar growth trajectories with other cladids. These growth patterns provide insight into feeding strategies and can aid in understanding crinoid evolutionary paleoecological trends.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Trichuris muris (Nematoda: Trichuridae): studies from two commensal rodent species
- J.A. Panti-May, M.Á. Gómez Muñoz, A.B. Yeh-Gorocica, S. Hernández-Betancourt, F. Milano, C. Galliari, M. R. Robles
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- Journal:
- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 97 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 April 2023, e38
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In this paper we re-describe Trichuris muris based on morphological data following isolation from two commensal rodent species, Mus musculus from Mexico and Rattus rattus from Argentina. Furthermore, we provide a molecular characterization based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2 region) markers in order to support the taxonomic identification of the studied specimens of T. muris from M. musculus. We distinguished T. muris from 29 species of Trichuris found in American rodents based on morphological and biometrical features, such as the presence of a spicular tube, length of spicule, size of proximal and distal cloacal tube and non-protrusive vulva. We suggest that spicular tube patterns can be used to classify Trichuris species in three groups. Considering that the diagnosis among the species of this genus is mainly based on morphometry, this proposal represents a relevant contribution. We provide molecular studies on two markers, making this the first contribution for T. muris in the Americas. This study makes an important contribution to the integrative taxonomy of cosmopolitan nematode species, and its correct determination from the parasitological study of commensal rodents.
PP129 Usefulness, Acceptability And Satisfaction Of A Decision Making Tool For Clinical Meso-Management In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Yolanda Ramallo-Fariña, Himar González-Pacheco, Analía Abt Sacks, Laura García-Hernández, Ignacio Llorente-Gomez de Segura, Ana Wägner, Ana Toledo-Chávarri, Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 38 / Issue S1 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 December 2022, p. S83
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Introduction
GesPeDia is a web-based application that provides aggregate clinical information, using outcome and process indicators, and disaggregated patient information. Information is obtained from the electronic medical records. GesPeDia aims to promote people-centered care, improve monitoring of patients’ health outcomes and quality of professional performance. This study aims to evaluate usability, acceptability and satisfaction of GesPeDia.
MethodsNineteen evaluators were included (2 management technicians, 9 health center directors and 8 endocrine consultants). They had access to GesPeDia for two months. Perception of their usefulness for decision-making, acceptability and design satisfaction were measured with an online questionnaire. In addition, suggestions for improvements in the app’s functionalities were collected. Finally, a sample of the evaluators were included in a semi-structured interview to deepen the analysis of dimensions. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed.
ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 10 professionals, with mean age of 51.1 years and professional experience 16.5 years. Among the evaluators, 60 percent considered the app quite useful and only 10 percent found it inappropriate for their daily activities. Each of the indicator blocks was rated quite useful. Eight percent considered GesPeDia moderately fast, although for 20 percent navigation within the app was not very intuitive. Appearance was positively valued by 80 percent, despite the fact that 30 percent considered that design does not favor the understanding of contents. Seventy percent considered degree of reliability, relevance and clarity of the contents to be high. Most indicated that information provided by GesPedia is complete for decision-making.
ConclusionsGesPeDia is valued positively by evaluators as a decision-making tool.
Flying across Europe: the case of the spread of Chaunocephalus ferox on a black stork (Ciconia nigra)
- M. Gonzálvez, C. Muñoz-Hernández, A. Gómez de Ramón, A. Buendía, F. Escribano, C. Martínez-Carrasco
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- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 96 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2022, e80
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The annual migration of birds involves a very large number of inter-continental and intra-continental movements in which thousands of bird species participate. These migrations have been associated with the spread of pathogens worldwide, including bacteria, viruses and parasites. This study describes the case of a black stork (Ciconia nigra) that was ringed at the nest in Latvia and died five months later in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula. Post-mortem examination revealed that the cause of death was electrocution. In addition, a massive infection by the trematode Chaunocephalus ferox (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) causing severe granulomatous lesions throughout the small intestine was detected. This is the first report of C. ferox infection in a black stork in the Iberian Peninsula, a trematode that, due to the severe lesions it causes, can affect the health of C. ferox-infected wild birds, particularly in severely infected long-distance migrants. The dispersal of platyhelminths associated with migratory birds is discussed. After the ringing at the nest, the black stork was sighted in Central Europe one month before its capture, and the trematodes found by necropsy were mostly mature adults. Consequently, we estimate that this juvenile animal acquired the infection during its migration in a European area other than the Iberian Peninsula, evidencing a long-distance parasite spread through its migratory host. Our study highlights that bird ringing can be used to understand the epidemiological implications that bird migratory behaviour may have on the dispersal of parasites.