18 results
Risk Perception and Psychosocial Impact During the Early Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers
- Chau Sian Lim, Brian See, David Choon Liang Teo, Michelle Su Qing Tan, Norasyikin Hassan, Augustine Tee
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, pp. S57-S58
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Aims
This study sought to elucidate the occupational health risk perception and psychological impact during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in a general hospital in Singapore, and factors that influenced risk perception and psychological impact.
MethodsHealthcare workers from a general hospital in Singapore were invited to participate in an online survey in June 2020. It posed questions on demographic and occupational information (age, gender, nationality, marital status, profession, working area, length of working experience in healthcare), 20 items on occupational health risk perception and psychological impact of COVID-19, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).
The 20 items were adapted from a previous study during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak and designed to assess participants’ perceived exposure risk, risk acceptance, families’ perception, stigmatisation, feelings of appreciation, workload, and perceived effectiveness of workplace protective measures. Participants’ responses were obtained on a 6-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, disagree, strongly disagree).
For data analysis, responses on occupational risk perception were regrouped into three levels. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores were categorised into quartiles. Ordinal logistics regression was used to compare the association of occupational risk perception with DASS-21 scores, and demographic factors with occupational risk perception. Variables that showed statistical significance (set at P <0.05) in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate ordinal logistics regression model to identify independent predictors.
ResultsThere were 1252 respondents (92 doctors, 661 nurses, 318 allied health professionals, 181 administrative and support personnel). 85% felt an increased risk of exposure to COVID-19 while 90% accepted the risk as part of their jobs. Stigmatisation against healthcare workers was present, with 45% reported they were shunned and 21% reported their families were avoided. 78% experienced increased workload. Fortunately, most (94%) found workplace protective measures adequate, and felt appreciated by their employer (87%) and society (81%).
Increased perception of occupational health risk was significantly associated with nursing profession, workers in patient-facing areas, and staff with shortest working experience in healthcare.
The mean DASS-21 scores were 9.2 (borderline normal) for Depression, 8.5 (borderline mild) for Anxiety, and 10.9 (normal) for Stress. Increased DASS-21 scores were significantly associated with greater occupational risk perception, younger age, and less years of working experience.
ConclusionOccupational risk perception amid the early COVID-19 pandemic is associated with adverse mental health among healthcare workers. Nurses, younger staff, and staff with least working experience are more vulnerable.
Providing the Right Support at the Right Time for People With Learning Disabilities: A Mixed-Methods Study to Identify Change Goals for a Demand, Capacity and Flow Quality Improvement Project
- James Cai, Joshua Barnett, Kirsty Haberland, Melanie Clarke, Grace Fysh, Catriona Chaplin, Ivy Lim, Michele Martiello, Ian Hall, Laura Checkley
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, pp. S3-S4
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Aims
1. To evaluate demand, capacity and flow of an integrated community learning disability service in a peri- and post-COVID-19 pandemic setting. 2. To improve flow of a community learning disability service. 3. To improve staff and service user satisfaction by engaging them and identifying common priorities.
MethodsWe collected demand and capacity data of all disciplines in a community learning disability service for 2021–2022.
We carried out focus groups with service users and their carers (N = 5) and surveyed them with a questionnaire consisting of 6 quantitative and 2 qualitative questions (N = 63), investigating the impact of waiting times on service user experience.
We surveyed staff from all disciplines (N = 20) with a questionnaire consisting of 3 qualitative questions, to identify their views on waiting times and areas to optimise.
We performed thematic analysis on all qualitative responses. We analysed quantitative data with descriptive statistics.
ResultsFrom 2021–22, the number of accepted referrals to individual disciplines increased: for example referrals to psychiatry increased by 51.6% and referrals to OT increased by 32%.
With regard to flow, the ratio of discharges to accepted referrals in the psychiatry discipline decreased from 1.5:1 to 0.6:1.
A significant proportion of service users reported waiting months (31%) or years (16%) to be seen by the learning disability team. 28% of service users reported additional problems while waiting to be seen. 31% were unaware whether they were on a waiting list or not. Quantitative data showed average waiting times for psychiatry services did not change from 2021–2022 (23.1 and 23.3 days respectively).
Thematic analysis from service users’ responses revealed an anxiety about needs not being met; a feeling of problems deteriorating while waiting; and communication issues.
Staff responses revealed desires to intervene sooner to prevent unnecessary deteriorations; and to increase team working between disciplines.
ConclusionQuantitative data analysis suggests a greatly increased demand for our service following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Our thematic analysis identifies concern of deterioration secondary to prolonged waiting times. It also highlights that communication could be improved.
As a result of this mixed-methods approach, the following change ideas were generated and are now being tested:
1. Improve communication with patients on waiting lists by testing an accessible customisable letter.
2. Organise more joint assessments and reviews of service users with multiple disciplines.
3. Short-term allocation of more urgent casework via a new integrated health and social care duty system.
Towards a Transnational Approach to Transboundary Haze Pollution: Governing Traditional Farming in Fire-Prone Regions of Indonesia
- Shawkat Alam, Laely Nurhidayah, Michelle Lim
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- Journal:
- Transnational Environmental Law / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 April 2023, pp. 424-450
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In Indonesia, swidden practices have been part of traditional rice farming for centuries. Swidden agriculture is a fundamental part of all remaining large tropical forests and provides a critical form of biodiversity-friendly agriculture. Meanwhile, peatland degradation and land conversion for oil palm plantation and agriculture have created an annual transboundary environmental disaster in Southeast Asia. This article adopts a transnational lens to highlight the complex multi-scale interactions that perpetuate recurring transboundary air pollution in the region. Having examined the traditional practices of swidden agriculture in Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra (Indonesia), the article reveals that swidden agriculture has been misunderstood generally, and in particular in international and national law and policy. It argues that existing laws fail to identify the important role that swidden agriculture plays in sustainable ecosystem management and cultural expression. Nuanced understandings of fire use, alongside transnational multi-stakeholder and multi-scale approaches, are required.
Understanding perspectives of older adults on the role of technology in the wider context of their social relationships
- Katrina M. Long, Kit Casey, Sunil Bhar, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Simon Curran, Kristie Hunter, Michelle H. Lim
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 44 / Issue 6 / June 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 September 2022, pp. 1453-1476
- Print publication:
- June 2024
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Technological interventions are increasingly popular methods of targeting and preventing loneliness in older adults. Research has identified various factors that influence the willingness and propensity of older adults to integrate technology into their social lives and the ways in which this may enhance their social connectedness. Given prevalence rates and negative outcomes associated with loneliness for this population, further research is warranted to clarify the mechanisms through which technological interventions may decrease loneliness. This study aimed to better understand the perspectives of older adults on the role of technology in their social relationships in later life. Four focus groups were conducted with 27 older adults, aged 65–80 years. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis, and results were validated via written participant feedback. Participants reported technology as one of many tools used to maintain their social relationships. Their choice to use technology for social interaction was influenced by their estimation of effort required, likely quality of the interaction, and the privacy and security provided. These factors were the same as those that influenced decisions to use other methods (e.g. face-to-face meetings). Based on the results, we recommend that loneliness interventions should be technology-agnostic and multifaceted, providing a wide range of tools that recognise the technological competencies of older adults and supporting different interaction types to meet the preferences of the individual.
Loneliness Versus Distress: A Comparison of Emotion Regulation Profiles
- Alyssa J. Tan, Vincent Mancini, James J. Gross, Amit Goldenberg, Johanna C. Badcock, Michelle H. Lim, Rodrigo Becerra, Ben Jackson, David A. Preece
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- Journal:
- Behaviour Change / Volume 39 / Issue 3 / September 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2022, pp. 180-190
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Loneliness, a negative emotion stemming from the perception of unmet social needs, is a major public health concern. Current interventions often target social domains but produce small effects and are not as effective as established emotion regulation (ER)-based interventions for general psychological distress (i.e., depression/anxiety). Given that loneliness and distress are types of negative affect, we aimed to compare them within an ER framework by examining the amount of variance ER strategies accounted for in loneliness versus distress, and comparing the ER strategy profiles characterising them. Participants (N = 582, Mage = 22.31, 77.66% female) completed self-report measures of loneliness, distress, and use of 12 cognitive (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) or behavioural (e.g., expressive suppression) ER strategies. Regression analyses revealed that ER explained comparable variance in these constructs. Latent profile analysis identified seven profiles differing in ER patterns, with no distinct loneliness or distress profile identified. Rather, similar patterns of ER characterised these two constructs, involving the greater use of generally maladaptive strategies and the lesser use of generally adaptive strategies. However, loneliness was additionally characterised by less use of strategies involving social connection/expression. Overall, our study supports the utility of ER for understanding loneliness. Established ER-based frameworks/interventions for distress may have transdiagnostic utility in targeting loneliness.
8 - Rethinking and Upholding Justice and Equity in Transformative Biodiversity Governance
- from Part III - Cross-Cutting Issues Central to Transformative Biodiversity Governance
- Edited by Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Marcel T. J. Kok
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- Book:
- Transforming Biodiversity Governance
- Published online:
- 26 May 2022
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- 16 June 2022, pp 155-178
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Summary
Justice and equity are fundamental to the complex choices that societies need to make to achieve transformative change (Bennett et al., 2019; IPBES, 2019; Leach et al., 2018; Martin, 2017). Evidence that more socioeconomically unequal societies tend to experience higher rates of biodiversity loss (Holland et al., 2009; IPBES, 2019) suggests that injustice and threats to biodiversity are closely intertwined. Injustice can function as an underlying cause of biodiversity loss, such as where colonial expropriation of Indigenous peoples’ land paves the way for its exploitation (Martinez-Alier, 2002).
Settling and clustering of snow particles in atmospheric turbulence
- Cheng Li, Kaeul Lim, Tim Berk, Aliza Abraham, Michael Heisel, Michele Guala, Filippo Coletti, Jiarong Hong
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 912 / 10 April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 February 2021, A49
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The effect of turbulence on snow precipitation is not incorporated into present weather forecasting models. Here we show evidence that turbulence is in fact a key influence on both fall speed and spatial distribution of settling snow. We consider three snowfall events under vastly different levels of atmospheric turbulence. We characterize the size and morphology of the snow particles, and we simultaneously image their velocity, acceleration and relative concentration over vertical planes approximately $30\ \textrm {m}^2$ in area. We find that turbulence-driven settling enhancement explains otherwise contradictory trends between the particle size and velocity. The estimates of the Stokes number and the correlation between vertical velocity and local concentration are consistent with the view that the enhanced settling is rooted in the preferential sweeping mechanism. When the snow vertical velocity is large compared to the characteristic turbulence velocity, the crossing trajectories effect results in strong accelerations. When the conditions of preferential sweeping are met, the concentration field is highly non-uniform and clustering appears over a wide range of scales. These clusters, identified for the first time in a naturally occurring flow, display the signature features seen in canonical settings: power-law size distribution, fractal-like shape, vertical elongation and large fall speed that increases with the cluster size. These findings demonstrate that the fundamental phenomenology of particle-laden turbulence can be leveraged towards a better predictive understanding of snow precipitation and ground snow accumulation. They also demonstrate how environmental flows can be used to investigate dispersed multiphase flows at Reynolds numbers not accessible in laboratory experiments or numerical simulations.
Recognizing the Martuwarra's First Law Right to Life as a Living Ancestral Being
- Martuwarra RiverOfLife, Anne Poelina, Donna Bagnall, Michelle Lim
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- Transnational Environmental Law / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / November 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2020, pp. 541-568
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Traditional custodians of the Martuwarra (Fitzroy River) derive their identity and existence from this globally significant river. The First Laws of the Martuwarra are shared by Martuwarra Nations through a common songline, which sets out community and individual rights and duties. First Law recognizes the River as the Rainbow Serpent: a living ancestral being from source to sea. On 3 November 2016, the Fitzroy River Declaration was concluded between Martuwarra Nations. This marked the first time in Australia when both First Law and the rights of nature were recognized explicitly in a negotiated instrument. This article argues for legal recognition within colonial state laws of the Martuwarra as a living ancestral being by close analogy with the case concerning the Whanganui River. We seek to advance the scope of native title water rights in Australia and contend that implementation of First Law is fundamental for the protection of the right to life of the Martuwarra.
Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Rodrick Lim, Huma Ali, Rachel Gagnier, Michelle Marlborough, Sandra Northcott
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 22 / Issue 6 / November 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 July 2020, E13
- Print publication:
- November 2020
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3189 Transmitting wisdom and enhancing KL2 training through the use of exit presentations
- Michelle Lamere, Megan Larson, David H. Ingbar, Kelvin O. Lim
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2019, p. 75
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: -Transmit learning and wisdom from past scholars -Predispose new scholars towards a receptive attitude -Normalize struggle and failure on the road to success -Encourage a community of accomplishment and celebration -Connect the scholar METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The exit presentations were given by NCATS funded junior faculty in the CTSI KL2 Scholars Program who had graduated. All KL2 Scholars take part in the K Scholar Multidisciplinary Seminar Series that meets weekly during the academic calendar. The departed scholars returned for the presentations the following semester. The audience was made up of KL2 who had started with a later cohort, the CTSI KL2 program is a 3-year program, and newly appointed scholars. Scholars were given 12-15 minutes to cover: 1) What was learned, 2) Accomplishments on specific aims, 3) Next steps for project and career, and 4) Recommendations for other scholars. Presentations were collected and reviewed for recurring themes. Themes were grouped and quotes were included to identify nuance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From the 17 exit presentations, six themes were identified: 1) Don’t miss the forest for the trees (x10) – “the KL2 program helps to fill in gaps scholars don’t realize they have – it is about more than just the research project, trust in the process and let the program help keep you on track.” 2) Diversify and keep an open mind (x7) – “focus is important but diversifying research and reorganizing priorities is ok.” 3) Don’t be discouraged by failure (x6) –” perseverance is key, all success comes on the heels of many failures.” 4) Importance of building network inside and outside of Scholar program (x6) – “importance of exploring and establishing collaborations” 5) Learn to say no and yes (x5) – “protect your time but be open to opportunities” 6) Seek advice and criticism but don’t follow blindly (x4) DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The use of exit presentations for graduating KL2 Scholars is a useful tool in transmitting wisdom and enhancing subsequent KL2 cohorts. The Scholar’s experience and trajectory, share personal insights and recommendations to help other Scholars get the most out of their KL2 experience, give the community a chance to celebrate the Scholar’s accomplishments, and provide the Scholar with a sense of closure in their KL2 journey. Within the exit presentations, six common themes emerged relating to best practices on making good use of resources and guidance, and learning to interact and navigate within networks and responsibilities in a mature way. Scholars in the audience benefit from hearing the insights and advice from their predecessors. The identification of themes helps the program to understand where it adds value.
2523: Mentor training for KL2 Scholars through vertical integration
- Angela Merrifield, Michelle Lamere, Kelvin Lim, Megan Larson, David H. Ingbar
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 1 / Issue S1 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2018, p. 52
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The NIH states, “The training of the biomedical workforce has always been an integral part of the NIH mission… It takes just one good mentor to influence the career of a new investigator; it takes a robust culture of mentorship across the research community to strengthen, sustain and diversify the entire biomedical research enterprise.” The University of Minnesota’s CTSI-Education core strives to build and maintain a strong culture of mentoring by providing CTSI KL2 scholars an opportunity to mentor an undergraduate student participating in the Pathways to Research Program (PReP). Using this mentoring model, participants gain valuable benefits and CTSI’s culture of mentoring is strengthened. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participating KL2 scholars are matched with a promising PReP scholar for a 12-week mentored research project. The PReP program selects top candidates through a highly competitive application process. Students work in their mentor’s lab full-time, funded by CTSI-Ed. They engage in additional activities together including a mentor/mentee, an interview activity and 2 social events. Junior faculty scholars are asked to participate as judges at CTSI’s Poster Session and are invited to present at PReP seminars. The program culminates with the announcement of the Junior Mentor of the Year, in which scholars nominate their mentors for the award. Junior faculty mentors receive support through a training course, Optimizing the Practice of Mentoring, mentor orientation and a roundtable discussion with the program director and other mentors. The program’s infrastructure is designed to foster mentee/mentor relationships through faculty and staff support. Junior faculty receive one-on-one coaching when faced with difficult mentoring situations and are recognized for their mentoring successes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Junior faculty mentors highly rate the program on the following points; the experience was a good use of time, I am satisfied with my experience, I would recommend this program to faculty colleagues and students. Undergraduates and Professional students rated their mentoring relationship as 1 of 3 best outcomes of the program. In exit surveys, their highly rated program successes include having a network that helps move their career forward, and confidence to persist through training to become a successful researcher. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Creating a culture of mentoring is important to the strengthen, sustain and diversify the biomedical research workforce. This mentoring model contributes to the mission while vertically integrating CTSI-Ed’s KL2 and PReP programs. On an individual level, junior faculty improve communication and management skills, develop leadership qualities, increase their network, provide a sense of fulfilment and personal growth, and reinforce their own skills and knowledge of subject. They are also provided a top undergraduate student worker fully funded by the program.
Environmental Law and the Ecosystem Approach: Maintaining Ecological Integrity through Consistency in Law, by Froukje Maria Platjouw Earthscan from Routledge, 2016, 220 pp, £85 hb, ISBN 9781138183131
- Michelle Lim
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- Journal:
- Transnational Environmental Law / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / March 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 February 2017, pp. 180-183
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One-Year Open-Label Safety and Efficacy Study of Paliperidone Extended-Release Tablets in Patients With Schizophrenia
- Michelle Kramer, George Simpson, Valentinas Maciulis, Stuart Kushner, Yanning Liu, Pilar Lim, David Hough, Joseph Palumbo, Mariëlle Eerdekens
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 15 / Issue 8 / August 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 November 2014, pp. 506-514
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Introduction: This 52-week open-label extension (OLE) to a double-blind placebo-controlled recurrence prevention study examined the long-term safety and efficacy of flexibly-dosed paliperidone extended-release (ER) tablets in patients with schizophrenia.
Methods: Patients entering the OLE either entered from the double-blind phase (placebo or paliperidone ER treatment) or entered directly from the run-in or stabilization phase (paliperidone ER) of the earlier study. During the OLE, patients were treated with flexibly-dosed paliperidone ER (3–15 mg/day; 9 mg starting dose). Safety and tolerability assessments included incidence of adverse events and extrapyramidal symptoms. Efficacy was also assessed.
Results: The study population (n=235) was predominantly men (66%), 18–58 years of age. Twelve patients (5%) experienced an adverse event requiring treatment discontinuation. One or more serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 13 patients (6%). There was one death. The mean Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score decreased from open-label baseline to endpoint for all groups, regardless of previous double-blind treatment (placebo or paliperidone ER).
Conclusion: This year-long OLE provides information on the long-term safety and tolerability of paliperidone ER in patients with schizophrenia. The resulting safety and tolerability profile was similar to that seen in earlier short-term studies.
Resilin-like protein in the clamp sclerites of the gill monogenean Diplozoon paradoxum Nordmann, 1832
- WEY LIM WONG, JAN MICHELS, STANISLAV N. GORB
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 140 / Issue 1 / January 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 September 2012, pp. 95-98
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Resilin is a soft and elastic protein, which is found in many exoskeletal structures of arthropods. Proteins with similar chemical properties have been described for other invertebrates including monogenean fish parasites. However, for the latter taxon no clear microscopic evidence for a resilin-like protein has been shown so far. Here, we present the results of detailed microscopic analyses of the clamp sclerites (attachment devices) of the monogenean Diplozoon paradoxum. Toluidine blue, which is known to stain resilin, selectively stained the material in the clamp sclerites. In addition, when exposed to UV light, this material exhibited an intense blue autofluorescence. The emission spectrum of this autofluorescence has its maximum at 424 nm and is nearly identical to emission spectra of blue autofluorescences observed in 2 well-studied structures containing high proportions of resilin in the exoskeleton of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. The results strongly indicate that the sclerite material of D. paradoxum contains a resilin-like protein. The presence of such a protein likely enhances the attachment efficiency of the clamp sclerites and increases their lifetime.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. 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Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. 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Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Reliability in Mechatronics Systems from TEM, SEM and SE Material Analysis
- Pierre Dahoo, Nadim Alayli, Armelle Girard, Philippe Pougnet, Ky-Lim Tan, Jean-Michel Morelle
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1195 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, 1195-B07-04
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- 2009
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Mechatronic systems designed to comply to new EU directives are studied through interconnections by electronic or photonic probes, SEM, TEM, SE or 3D Tomography. Leaded and lead free modules assembled by standard interconnection technologies are studied for robustness relative to thermal accelerated life tests. Results obtained from JEOL 6060LV SEM and Optical Microscopy show that although slow growth rate of inter-metallics (IMC) is consistent with expected reliability, they are responsible for propagation of cracks especially in the presence of gold on PCB side. Innovative Low Temperature Joining (LTJ) technology applied to nano or micro silver pastes which should reduce IMC effects are tested on mechatronic systems. Results obtained from SEM, TEM and 3D Tomography will be shown as well as non destructive Spectroscopic Ellipsometry studies of samples. Pressureless LTJ technology is unsuitable for robust interconnection.
Determining language dominance in English–Mandarin bilinguals: Development of a self-report classification tool for clinical use
- VALERIE P. C. LIM, SUSAN J. RICKARD LIOW, MICHELLE LINCOLN, YIONG HUAK CHAN, MARK ONSLOW
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- Journal:
- Applied Psycholinguistics / Volume 29 / Issue 3 / July 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 July 2008, pp. 389-412
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In multilingual Asian communities, determining language dominance for clinical assessment and intervention is often complex. The aim of this study was to develop a self-report classification tool for identifying the dominant language in English–Mandarin bilinguals. Participants (N = 168) completed a questionnaire on language history and single-word receptive vocabulary tests (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test type) in both languages. The results of a discriminant analysis on the self-report data revealed a reliable three-way classification into English-dominant, Mandarin-dominant, and balanced bilinguals. The vocabulary scores supported these dominance classifications, whereas the more typical variables such as age of first exposure, years of formal instruction, and years of exposure exerted only a limited influence. The utility of this classification tool in clinical settings is discussed.
Materials For Monolithic Silicon Microphotonics
- L. M. Giovane, D. R. Lim, S. H. Ahn, T. D. Chen, J. S. Foresi, L. Liao, E. J. Oulette, A. M. Agarwal, X. Duan, J. Michel, A. Thilderkvist, L. C. Kimerling
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 486 / 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 45
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- 1997
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The path for silicon materials development has been charted. By the year 2010 we will have fabricated integrated circuit chips containing 109 transistors with 40 Å thick gate oxides and 1000 Å minimum feature sizes running at 4 GHz clock speeds. It is conceivable that incremental advances on the current chip architecture will satisfy the required materials and process improvements. The interconnection problem is the only challenge without a proposed solution. The signal propagation delay between devices is now longer than the individual device gate delay. The resistance and capacitance associated with fine line Al interconnects limit speed and increase power consumption and crosstalk. High power line drivers are limited by the reliability constraint of electromigration. There is no current paradigm for 4 GHz, electronic clock distribution. Optical interconnection can remove the electronic transmission bandwidth limit. The main challenge is development of a silicon-compatible, microphotonic technology.
Rare earth doping has provided a means of sharp-line electroluminescence from silicon at λ = 1.54 μm. Silicon's high index of refraction and low absorption in the near infrared yield an ideal optical waveguide. As with microelectronics, the silicon / silicon-dioxide materials system allows high levels of integration and functionality. The applications of silicon materials to light emission (Si:Er), optical waveguides (Si/SiO2), photonic switching (Si/SiO2) and photon detection (SiGe) are reviewed. These developments are discussed in the context of systems applications to communications and computation.