18 results
A study of road rage in India
- P. Jain, V. Mudgal, V. Niranjan, V. Pal
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, p. S711
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Road rage is a term used to describe driving usually extreme in nature. There seems to be a multifactorial relationship between the situational characteristics of an anger provoking road situation and the feelings of anger and road behaviour.
ObjectivesTo examine driver anger with regards to various sociodemographic parameter.
Methods282 participants completed an internet-based survey including sociodemographic profile, anger assessment while driving using the Deffenbacher Driver Anger Scale, details of the driving. Participants were recruited through networks of authors, institution. The survey was disseminated through social media applications and email by snowball sampling method.
ResultsMean age of the sample was 26.1 years with age group 24-29 years making half of the population. Majority sample were males (62.1%), graduates (53.2%), professionals (45.7%), urban locality based, nuclear family type. People experienced greater anger on Defenbacher likert scale for the following situations, when Someone is driving very close to your rear bumper (mean= 3.09), Someone cuts in right in front of you on the motorway(mean= 3.44), Someone cuts in and takes the parking spot(mean= 3.19), Someone coming towards you does not dim headlights at night(mean= 3.26), driving behind a vehicle smoking badly or giving off fumes(mean= 3.38).
ConclusionsThe results revealed a prevalence of high anger scores amongst Indian drivers. The rage didn’t vary significantly within gender, locality, type of vehicle, however the anger scores were significantly higher in younger population. Strategies targeting at driving safety and reducing road rage should be implemented by authorities with sensitization of the drivers.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A report of use of baclofen in intractable hiccups
- R. Dhakad, V. Niranjan, P. Rastogi, V. Pal
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, p. S778
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Hiccups are an involuntarily powerful spasm of the diaphragm, followed by a sudden inspiration with a closure of the glottis. Hiccups lasting longer than one month is termed intractable hiccups. Intractable hiccups can be caused by structural or functional disturbances of the medulla, afferent or efferent nerves to the respiratory muscles or metabolic and endocrine disorders, drugs, general anaesthesia and emotional problems.
ObjectivesAuthors present a case report about curing a patient of intractable hiccups using baclofen along with literature review.
MethodsA case report along with literature review forms the basis of discussion.
ResultsA 30-year female diagnosed with schizophrenia stable on 2mg risperidone for 3 years presented to the outpatient department with complain of intractable hiccups for 6 months. Frequency of hiccups was around 10-12 times per minute and continued throughout the day leading to significant socio-occupational distress. patient had been receiving medical treatment for last 4 months for the same including Metoclopramide, chlorpromazine along with trying breath holding and drinking cold water but symptoms persisted. Her ECG, chest X-ray, complete blood counts were unremarkable, CT scan of brain was normal. Patient was started on baclofen 10mg thrice daily. Within 1-week patient had dramatic response and complete remission was achieved in 2 weeks.
ConclusionsBeclofen is effective in hiccups because it is an analogue of GABA, that decreases excitability and inhibits the hiccup reflex, which reduces synaptic transmission. Baclofen is used to treat hiccups, and can be used either as a first-line treatment or if patient does not respond to other medications.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Elektra complex in dissociative identity disorder: A case report
- P. Jain, V. Mudgal, U. Sardesai, V. Pal
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, p. S685
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Dissociative identity disorder is a quite popular psychiatric diagnosis in general public but in actuality has a very low prevalence rate. Dissociative identity disorders are characterized by disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states with its own memories, behaviour, and preferences.
ObjectivesAuthors present a case report about a patient of Dissociative identity disorder with Elektra complex as unconscious conflict.
MethodsA case report along with literature review forms the basis of discussion.
ResultsMrs A, 30 years female, a housewife, belonging to low socioeconomic status, reported to the OPD, along with her husband. About 1 year ago her family members noticed that her behaviour and action became altered. Such alteration in behaviour was only episodic. A detailed evaluation was done and a diagnosis of Dissociative identity disorder was established. The treatment included psychotherapy facilitated by hypnosis addressing the conflict along with escitalopram 10 mg once a day and clonazepam 0.5mg at night, clonazepam was tapered and stopped within 1 month while escitalopram was hiked upto 20 mg and patient improved along with decrease DES scores.
ConclusionsIn Freudian psychology the girl child identifies with her mother and represses her sexual feelings toward her father commonly known as the Elektra complex. In spite of trance and possession syndrome being more prevalent in countries like India, we urge to keep dissociative identity disorder as a differential in order to catch the eye of the clinicians and researchers on the recognition of clinical manifestation and exploration of therapeutic strategies.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pediatric Functional Movement Disorders: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre
- Kempaiah Rakesh, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Amitabh Bhattacharya, Vikram V. Holla, Manjunath Netravathi, Shekhar Seshadri, Pramod Kumar Pal
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 48 / Issue 4 / July 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 September 2020, pp. 518-524
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Objectives:
Functional movement disorders (FMDs) pose significant diagnostic and management challenges. We aimed to study the socioeconomic and cultural factors, underlying psychopathology and the phenomenology of FMDs in children.
Methods:The study is a retrospective chart review of 39 children (16 girls and 23 boys) who attended our neurology OPD and the movement disorders clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) between January 2011 and May 2020. The diagnosis of FMD was based on Fahn and Williams criteria and the patients were either diagnosed as “documented” or “clinically established”. All the relevant demographic data including the ethnicity, socioeconomic and cultural background, examination findings, electrophysiological, and other investigations were retrieved from the medical records.
Results:The mean age at onset was 12.69 ± 3.13 years. Majority of the children were from urban regions (56.41%) and belonging to low socioeconomic status (46.15%). Thirty (76.92%) were found to have a precipitating factor. Myoclonus was the most common phenomenology observed in these patients (30.76%), followed by tremor (20.51%), dystonia (17.94%), and gait abnormality (7.69%). Chorea (5.12%) and tics (2.56%) were uncommon. Tremor (37.5%) and dystonia (18.75%) were more common in girls, whereas myoclonus (39.13%) was more common in boys.
Conclusions:The symptoms of FMD have great impact on the mental health, social, and academic functioning of children. It is important to identify the precipitating factors and associated psychiatric comorbidities in these children as prompt alleviation of these factors by engaging parents and the child psychiatrist will yield better outcomes.
Phenotypic Variability of Essential Tremor Based on the Age at Onset
- Shweta Prasad, Ketaki Swapnil Bhalsing, Ketan Jhunjhunwala, Abhishek Lenka, VS Binu, Pramod Kumar Pal
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 January 2019, pp. 192-198
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background: Essential tremor (ET) is reported to have a bimodal distribution of age at onset (AAO) with phenotypic variability based on the AAO. This study aims to explore the distribution of AAO based on mathematical modeling and ascertain the differences, if any, in the clinical features of groups. Methods: A chart review was conducted for 252 patients with ET diagnosed based on the Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Finite mixture modeling was performed to identify groups of the cohort based on the AAO. Results: Three groups were defined: early onset (EO): AAO ≤ 22 years, n = 63, intermediate onset (IO): 23 ≤ AAO ≤ 35 years, n = 43, and late onset (LO): AAO ≥ 36 years, n = 146. There were no significant differences related to family history or responsiveness to alcohol. The EO group had significantly higher prevalence of upper limb and lower limb tremor. Head tremor and voice tremor was more prevalent in the IO and LO groups. Cerebellar signs showed a significant increase with an increase in AAO. Conclusions: ET shows significant phenotypic variability based on the AAO. Patients with an early AAO are more likely to develop an appendicular tremor, whereas the probability of axial tremor and cerebellar signs increases with increasing AAO.
Evaluation of Cognition and Cortical Excitability in Huntington’s Disease
- Nitish Kamble, M. Netravathi, B.C. Nagaraju, Abhishek Lenka, Keshav Kumar, V. Sowmya, Sanjeev Jain, Pramod Kumar Pal
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 45 / Issue 2 / March 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 January 2018, pp. 176-181
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background: Recent advances in neurophysiological techniques have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease (HD). Studies of the motor cortical excitability and central motor pathways have shown variable results. Objectives: Our aims were to evaluate the cortical excitability changes in HD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and correlate the changes with cognitive impairment. Methods: The study included 32 HD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. The demographic and clinical profiles of the patients were recorded. All subjects were evaluated by TMS and resting motor threshold (RMT), central motor conduction time (CMCT), silent period (SP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation were determined. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to all subjects. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.1±14.1 years, and that of controls 39.4±12.4 years (p=0.61). There was no significant difference in RMT and CMCT between the two groups. There was a mild prolongation of the contralateral SP in HD, but it was not significant. SICI was significantly reduced in HD (p<0.0001). A significant impairment in attention, verbal fluency, executive function, visuospatial function, learning, and memory was observed in HD patients. However, there was no correlation between cortical excitability changes and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: TMS is a valuable method of evaluating cortical excitability changes in HD. These patients have reduced SICI and significant impairment of cognition in multiple domains.
Garlic in health and disease
- S. V. Rana, R. Pal, K. Vaiphei, Sanjeev K. Sharma, R. P. Ola
-
- Journal:
- Nutrition Research Reviews / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / June 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 May 2011, pp. 60-71
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The present article reviews the historical and popular uses of garlic, its antioxidant, haematological, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and antineoplastic properties and its potential toxicity (from sulfoxide). Garlic has been suggested to affect several cardiovascular risk factors. It has also been shown that garlic and its organic allyl sulfur components are effective inhibitors of the cancer process. Since garlic and its constituents can suppress carcinogen formation, bioactivation and tumour proliferation, it is imperative that biomarkers be established to identify which individuals might benefit most. Garlic powder, aged garlic and garlic oil have demonstrated antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects by interfering with cyclo-oxygenase-mediated thromboxane synthesis. Garlic has also been found to have synergistic effects against Helicobacter pylori with a proton pump inhibitor. The active compound allicin may affect atherosclerosis not only by acting as an antioxidant, but also by other mechanisms, such as lipoprotein modification and inhibition of LDL uptake and degradation by macrophages. Freshly prepared garlic homogenate protects against isoniazid+rifampicin-induced liver injury in experimental animal models. Several mechanisms are likely to account for this protection.
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
High latitude and marine diet: vitamin D status in elderly Faroese
- Christine Dalgård, Maria Skaalum Petersen, Anne V. Schmedes, Ivan Brandslund, Pal Weihe, Philippe Grandjean
-
- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 104 / Issue 6 / 28 September 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 May 2010, pp. 914-918
- Print publication:
- 28 September 2010
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Human subjects obtain their vitamin D from the diet, especially from marine food, and from endogenous synthesis following cutaneous sun exposure. The risk of an insufficient vitamin D synthesis is increased in northern populations, but it may be counteracted by a high intake of marine food in fishing populations, e.g. at the Faroe Islands. We examined the vitamin D status and its statistical determinants in a cross-sectional study of 713 elderly Faroese aged 70–74 years, about two-thirds of all the eligible residents in this age group. Clinical examination included measurement of body weight and height, and marine food intake was estimated using a questionnaire. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (S-25(OH)D3) by LC-MS/MS in 669 of the 713 subjects in whom sufficient serum was available. Of the population, 19 % had S-25(OH)D3 concentrations < 25 nmol/l, and only 10·3 % of the population had S-25(OH)D3 concentrations >80 nmol/l. In a logistic regression analysis, BMI < 30 kg/m2, blood sampling in summer season, eating pilot whale blubber more than once per month and female sex were positively associated with vitamin D levels >80 nmol/l. The high prevalence of low vitamin D levels among the elderly Faroese population reflects the low skin synthesis during most months of the year, which is caused by the limited sun exposure and insufficient benefits from marine diet. Thus, even in a population with a high intake of marine food, the northern latitude causes a low vitamin D status. Efforts to improve vitamin D status in this population are warranted.
Immunocytochemical reactivity of rod and cone visual pigments in the sturgeon retina
- Victor I. Govardovskii, Pál Röhlich, Ágoston Szél, Lida V. Zueva
-
- Journal:
- Visual Neuroscience / Volume 8 / Issue 6 / June 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2009, pp. 531-537
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Microspectrophotometry and immunocytochemistry with several antivisual pigment antibodies were used to study visual cells of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt. The retina contained rods and three morphological types of cones: large cones with oil drops, small cones with oil drops, and cone-like cells without oil drops. Rods and cone-like drop-free cells were found to possess porphyropsin-549, while the large oil drop-bearing cones contained red-sensitive (P613), green-sensitive (P542), and blue-sensitive (P462) visual pigments. The immunocytochemical staining pattern with three antibodies to visual pigment proteins also revealed one visual pigment in rods and three visual pigments in cones. Rods were labeled with all three antibodies, while the majority of large cones (type I), presumably the red-sensitive ones, were negative with the polyclonal serum AO against bovine opsin. A less-frequently occurring large cone type (type II) was stained by all three antibodies including mAb COS-1 specific to middle-to-long-wave visual pigments in birds and mammals, and is thought to be green-sensitive. An even less-frequent large cone type (type III, probably the blue-sensitive one) did not bind COS-1. The small cones with oil droplets showed immunoreactivities similar to either type II or type III cones. The oil drop-free small photoreceptor exhibited a staining pattern identical with that of rods. These results indicate that the immunocytochemical approach can be used to reveal photoreceptor-specific neural connections in the sturgeon retina.
Synthesis and characterization of composite films of silver nanoparticles embedded in DLC matrix prepared by plasma CVD technique
- R. Paul, R. N. Gayen, S. Hussain, V. Khanna, R. Bhar, A. K. Pal
-
- Journal:
- The European Physical Journal - Applied Physics / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / July 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2009, 10502
- Print publication:
- July 2009
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Composite films containing silver nanoparticles embedded in diamond-like carbon (DLC) matrix were deposited on glass substrates by using capacitatively coupled plasma (CCP) chemical vapour deposition techninique (CVD). Particle size and metal volume fraction were tailored by varying the relative amount of methane of a gas mixture of methane + argon in the plasma. Optical constants of the films were evaluated. Bonding environment in these films were obtained from Raman and FTIR studies. Blue-shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak in the optical absorbance spectra of the films could be associated with the reduction of the particle size while red shift was associated with the increase in volume fraction of metal particles. The experimental results have been discussed in light of the existing Mie theory.
The orientation of the articular facets of the zygapophyseal joints at the cervical and upper thoracic region
- G. P. PAL, R. V. ROUTAL, S. K. SAGGU
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 198 / Issue 4 / April 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 June 2001, pp. 431-441
- Print publication:
- April 2001
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Knowledge of the orientation of facet joints in the cervical and upper thoracic region is important for understanding the biomechanical properties and clinical conditions relevant to the neck. The study was undertaken on dry macerated bones from 30 adult male human vertebral columns. The orientation of the superior articular facets in relation to their inclination with the sagittal and transverse planes was examined between C3 and T3 vertebrae in each column. The linear dimensions of the superior articular facets and the width/height ratio were also calculated. The results show that all vertebrae at C3 level and 73% at C4 level displayed posteromedially facing superior articular facets. Similarly at T1 level (C7/T1 joint) and below, all columns showed posterolaterally facing superior articular facets. The level of change in orientation, from posteromedial to posterolateral facing superior facets, was not constant and occurred anywhere between C4 (C3/C4 joint) and T1 (C7/T1 joint). The change in orientation followed 2 different patterns, i.e. sudden or gradual. The C6 vertebra (C5/C6 joint) was the most frequent site to show the transition. The shape of the superior articular facets was circular to oval at C3, C4 and C5 levels and gradually changed to a transversely elongated surface at C7 and T1. These findings correlate well with various cervical movements and associated clinical conditions.
Enhanced Photoluminescence from Long Wavelength InAs Quantum Dots Embedded in a Graded (In,Ga)As Quantum Well
- L. Chen, V. G. Stoleru, D. Pal, D. Pan, E. Towe
-
- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 692 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 March 2011, H3.3.1
- Print publication:
- 2001
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Three sets of self-organized InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an external InGaAs quantum well samples were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By modifying Indium composition profile within quantum well (QW) region, it's found the photoluminescence emission from quantum dots can be greatly enhanced when employing a graded quantum well to surround QDs. This quantum dots in a graded quantum well structure also preserves the long wavelength (1.3 μm) spectrum requirement for the future use in optoelectronics devices.
Location of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve in the human spinal cord
- R. V. ROUTAL, G. P. PAL
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 196 / Issue 2 / February 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2000, pp. 263-268
- Print publication:
- February 2000
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The segmental extent and topography of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve (SNAN) was investigated in the adult human spinal cord. Transverse sections of segments between the lower medulla and C6 were stained with cresyl violet and the motor cell columns identified according to the numerical locations defined by Elliott (1942). The segmental extent and topography of the cervical part of column 2 resembled that previously described for the SNAN of primates.
Tight Binding Modeling of Properties Related to Field Emission from Nanodiamond Clusters
- Denis A. Areshkin, Olga A. Shenderova, Victor V. Zhirnov, Alexander F. Pal, John J. Hren, Donald W. Brenner
-
- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 621 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 March 2011, R5.16.1
- Print publication:
- 2000
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The electronic structure of nanodiamond clusters containing between 34 and 913 carbon atoms was calculated using a tight-binding Hamiltonian. All clusters had shapes represented by an octahedron with (111) facets with the top and the bottom vertices truncated to introduce (100) surfaces. The tight-binding Hamiltonian consisted of environment-dependent matrix elements, and C-H parameters fit to reproduce energy states of the cyclic C6 and methane. The calculations predict a density of states similar to bulk diamond for clusters with radii greater than ∼2.5nm, and insignificant differences in the potential distribution between the clusters and bulk diamond for radii greater than ∼1nm. Hydrogen passivated nanodiamond clusters are estimated to have an electron affinity of approximately -1.8 eV.
Location of the phrenic nucleus in the human spinal cord
- R. V. ROUTAL, G. P. PAL
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 195 / Issue 4 / November 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 1999, pp. 617-621
- Print publication:
- November 1999
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Eight normal human spinal cords were studied. Spinal segments were identified and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial cross sections were cut at 25 μm and stained by cresyl violet. Motor columns were reconstructed adapting Elliott's (1942) methods. Motor columns were classified into the medial and lateral divisions and were numbered sequentially from medial to lateral at the level of Cl. In the cervical cord, 8 motor columns were traced. Column 1, corresponding to the medial column, presented 3 subdivisions designated as 1a, 1b and 1c with ventral, dorsal and lateral positions respectively. Columns 1a and 1b extended throughout the cervical region while 1c was confined to 3rd, 4th and 5th cervical segments. At the level of C3, 1c was a discrete column situated lateral to 1a and 1b but at C4 and C5 it became displaced medially close to the medial margin of the ventral horn. In cross section, it presented smaller medial and large lateral part. With the help of clinical and developmental evidence an attempt was made to correlate column 1c with the phrenic nucleus.
Mechanism of change in the orientation of the articular process of the zygapophyseal joint at the thoracolumbar junction
- G. P. PAL, R. V. ROUTAL
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 195 / Issue 2 / August 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 1999, pp. 199-209
- Print publication:
- August 1999
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The orientation of the superior articular processes in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae differs. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible mechanism for the change from a posterolaterally facing superior articular surface in the thoracic region to a posteromedially facing curved articular surface in the lumbar region. The material of the study consisted of dry macerated bones of 44 adult human vertebral columns. The orientation of the superior articular process and its relation to the mamillary tubercle (process) was examined between T9 and L5 vertebrae in each column. An abrupt change from the thoracic to lumbar type of articular process was observed in 3 columns (7%). Forty-one (93%) columns showed a gradual change extending over either 2 or 3 successive vertebrae. The present study suggests that the change in the orientation of the superior articular process, from the coronal to the sagittal plane (sagittalisation), occurs due to the change in the direction of weight transmission through zygapophyseal joints at the thoracolumbar junction. It was observed that the gradual sagittalisation of the superior articular process in the transitional zone brought it close to the mamillary tubercle which eventually fused with it. Thus the study suggests that the characteristic posteromedially facing concave superior articular process of lumbar vertebrae may have formed because of the fusion of the articular process and the mamillary tubercle.
A study of motoneuron groups and motor columns of the human spinal cord
- R. V. ROUTAL, G. P. PAL
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 195 / Issue 2 / August 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 1999, pp. 211-224
- Print publication:
- August 1999
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Eight normal human spinal cords were studied for motoneuron (Mn) groups and columns. Spinal segments (C1 to Coc.) were identified and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial cross sections were cut at 25 μm and stained by cresyl violet. Cross-sectional profiles of the spinal cord were traced for each segmental level and the outlines of the various Mn groups superimposed. These charts (maps) were used to examine intra and intersegmental changes in the relative positions of the columns. An attempt was made to provide topographical picture of Mn groups of individual segments. In the cervical region neuronal groups were more numerous but smaller and less distinct, while in the lumbosacral region they were fewer, larger and at many levels better circumscribed. The average number of Mn groups at any segmental level was 3–4 and never exceeded 5. C4, C5, C6, C7, L4, L5 and S1 contained numerous Mn groups. Maximum intrasegmental changes were noted at C3, C4, C7, T1, and S2, while at C5, C6, all thoracic, L1 L2 and L3, the pattern was constant throughout the segment. Eleven motor columns were traced in the human spinal cord. Column 1 belonged to the medial division and columns 2–11 to the lateral division of the ventral grey horn. Columns 1 and 2 were the most extensive as they were traceable from the lower medulla to S3 segment. Columns 3–8 were confined to cervical segments (including T1), while columns 9–11 were traced in lumbosacral segments. In general, motor columns followed a definite mode for their appearance and disappearance. Many of them showed rotation from a dorsal to a ventromedial direction.