14 results
A Good Investment: Expanding Capacity to Care for Older Adults in the Home and Community Care Sector Through Increased Personal Support Worker Wages
- Katherine A. P. Zagrodney, Emily C. King, Deborah Simon, Kathryn A. Nichol, Sandra M. McKay
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2023, pp. 1-6
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Most older adults prefer to age in place, which for many will require home and community care (HCC) support. Unfortunately, HCC capacity is insufficient to meet demand due in part to low wages, particularly for personal support workers (PSWs) who provide the majority of paid care. Using Ontario as a case study, this paper estimates the cost and capacity impacts of implementing wage parity between PSWs employed in HCC and institutional long-term care (ILTC). Specifically, we consider the cost of increased HCC PSW wages versus expected savings from avoiding unnecessary ILTC placement for those accommodated by HCC capacity growth. The expected increase in HCC PSW retention would create HCC capacity for approximately 160,000 people, reduce annual health system costs by approximately $7 billion, and provide an 88 per cent return on investment. Updating wage structures to reduce turnover and enable HCC capacity growth is a cost-efficient option for expanding health system capacity.
Reconstructing postglacial hydrologic and environmental change in the eastern Kenai Peninsula lowlands using proxy data and mass balance modeling
- Ellie Broadman, Darrell S. Kaufman, R. Scott Anderson, Sonya Bogle, Matthew Ford, David Fortin, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Nicholas P. McKay, Samuel E. Muñoz
-
- Journal:
- Quaternary Research / Volume 107 / May 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 March 2022, pp. 1-26
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Despite extensive paleoenvironmental research on the postglacial history of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, uncertainties remain regarding the region's deglaciation, vegetation development, and past hydroclimate. To elucidate this complex environmental history, we present new proxy datasets from Hidden and Kelly lakes, located in the eastern Kenai lowlands at the foot of the Kenai Mountains, including sedimentological properties (magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, grain size, and biogenic silica), pollen and macrofossils, diatom assemblages, and diatom oxygen isotopes. We use a simple hydrologic and isotope mass balance model to constrain interpretations of the diatom oxygen isotope data. Results reveal that glacier ice retreated from Hidden Lake's headwaters by ca. 13.1 cal ka BP, and that groundwater was an important component of Kelly Lake's hydrologic budget in the Early Holocene. As the forest developed and the climate became wetter in the Middle to Late Holocene, Kelly Lake reached or exceeded its modern level. In the last ca. 75 years, rising temperature caused rapid changes in biogenic silica content and diatom oxygen isotope values. Our findings demonstrate the utility of mass balance modeling to constrain interpretations of paleolimnologic oxygen isotope data, and that groundwater can exert a strong influence on lake water isotopes, potentially confounding interpretations of regional climate.
Repeated antigen testing among severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive nursing home residents
- Part of
- Erin D. Moritz, Susannah L. McKay, Farrell A. Tobolowsky, Stephen P. LaVoie, Michelle A. Waltenburg, Kristin D. Lecy, Natalie J. Thornburg, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Azaibi Tamin, Jennifer M. Folster, Jeanne Negley, Allison C. Brown, L. Clifford McDonald, Preeta K. Kutty, for the CDC Infection Prevention and Control Group
-
- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 43 / Issue 12 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 August 2021, pp. 1918-1921
- Print publication:
- December 2022
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Repeated antigen testing of 12 severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive nursing home residents using Abbott BinaxNOW identified 9 of 9 (100%) culture-positive specimens up to 6 days after initial positive test. Antigen positivity lasted 2–24 days. Antigen positivity might last beyond the infectious period, but it was reliable in residents with evidence of early infection.
People with severe problematic personality traits and offending histories: What influences occupational participation?
- C Connell, Elizabeth A McKay, Vivek Furtado, Swaran P Singh
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 60 / August 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2020, pp. 14-19
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background:
Occupational participation is important for personality disordered offenders (PDOs) because it is integral to health and desistance from offending. What influences occupational participation is unknown for PDOs in the community, limiting effective intervention to affect change. In England and Wales, the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway aims to improve outcomes for people considered highly likely to have a severe personality disorder and who present a high risk of reoffending, who are determined to be PDOs on the basis of a structured assessment. This study identified the influencers of occupational participation for the population who receive this service.
Method:In this critical realist, qualitative study, narrative interviews were conducted with 18 PDOs supervised by probation in England. Transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to establish influencers of occupational participation.
Results:Four themes describe influencers of occupational participation: function of occupations; influence of the past; external forces; and learning and adaptation. The latter theme reflected understandings of occupational adaptation described by the Model of Human Occupation.
Conclusions:An intervention to increase prosocial occupational participation should be developed and evaluated for PDOs in the community, taking account of occupational participation over the life course.
Suspected meteorite fragments in marine sediments from East Antarctica
- Naresh C. Pant, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Cary P. Cook, Paromita Biswas, Robert Mckay, Claudio Marchesi, Motoo Ito, Dewashish Upadhyay, Junichiro Kuroda, Kenji Shimizu, Ryoko Senda, Tina Van De Flierdt, Yoshinori Takano, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Carlota Escutia, Prakash K. Shrivastava
-
- Journal:
- Antarctic Science / Volume 30 / Issue 5 / October 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 October 2018, pp. 307-321
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Unusual mafic rock fragments deposited in Plio-Pleistocene-aged marine sediments were recorded at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1359, in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. These fragments were identified from sediment layers deposited between c. 3 and 1.2 Ma, indicating a sustained supply during this time interval. Clinopyroxenes in these basalts are Al–Ti diopside–hedenbergite, uncommon in terrestrial magmatic rocks. A single strong peak in the Raman spectra of a phosphate-bearing mineral at 963 cm-1 supports the presence of merrillite. Although not conclusive, petrological traits and oxygen isotopic compositions also suggest that the fragments may be extra-terrestrial fragments affected by shock metamorphism. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the basaltic fragments incorporated in marine sediments at Site U1359 represent ice-rafted material supplied to the continental rise of East Antarctica, probably from the bedrocks near the proximal Ninnis Glacier. Further studies on Plio-Pleistocene sediments near Site U1359 are required to characterize the unusual mafic rocks described.
Shielding biomolecules from effects of radiation by Mars analogue minerals and soils
- G. Ertem, M. C. Ertem, C. P. McKay, R. M. Hazen
-
- Journal:
- International Journal of Astrobiology / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 September 2016, pp. 280-285
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Organic compounds have been delivered over time to Mars via meteorites, comets and interplanetary dust particles. The fate of organic material on the surface of Mars must be affected by the Martian environment, in particular by ultraviolet (UV) and other ionizing radiation. Penetration depth of UV radiation into soils is in the sub-millimetre to millimetre range and depends on the properties of the soil. The aim of this research is to study the possible protective role of Martian analogue minerals and soils for survivability of biomolecules against UV radiation and to compare their decomposition rates within a 1 mm-thick portion of the surface. Results demonstrated that minerals offer significant protection to biomolecules purine, pyrimidine and uracil against UV photolysis. In the absence of these minerals, organic compounds are completely degraded when subjected directly to UV photolysis equivalent to only 5 Martian day's exposure. However, similar UV exposure of organics dried from solution onto powdered calcium carbonate (calcite; CaCO3), calcium sulphate (anhydrite; CaSO4), clay-bearing Atacama dessert soil and 7 Å clay mineral kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)4] results in only 1–2% loss of organics. Mixtures of purine and uracil with calcium carbonate exposed to gamma radiation of 3 Gy (3 Gray), which corresponds to approximately 15 000 days on Mars, results in up to 10% loss of organics. By contrast, these organic compounds completely decomposed upon mixing with iron oxide (Fe2O3) before UV irradiation. As the search for extinct or extant life on Mars has been identified as a goal of top priority in NASA's Mars Exploration Program and continues with several missions planned to the red planet by both NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) in the next few decades, our findings may play a useful role in identifying optimal target sites on the Martian surface for future missions.
Aerodynamic technology — the role of aerodynamic technology in the design and development of modern combat aircraft
- T. McMichael, K. McKay, M.J. Walker, C. Fielding, G. Lockley, P. Curtis, B. Probert, C. S. Lee, G. Moretti
-
- Journal:
- The Aeronautical Journal / Volume 100 / Issue 1000 / December 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 July 2016, pp. 410-424
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
This paper examines the changing role aerodynamic technology plays in the design and development of modern combat aircraft. It reviews several aspects of aerodynamics which contribute to aircraft performance and handling characteristics. It considers the importance of a range of technologies, the contribution each makes to the final integrated solution and comments on the compromises necessary through the design cycle to optimise the overall weapon system, sometimes to the cost of one of the component technologies. The technologies discussed are in no way exhaustive but attempt to encapsulate the breadth of the subject, to illustrate its diversity and to point the way for the future development if aerodynamic technology is to continue to make an important contribution to the design of combat aircraft.
Each of the component technologies are discussed in terms of the contribution it makes, the tools and techniques used to predict, analyse and interpret the technology contribution, and the requirements for the direction of the development of the technology for the future.
Before considering the technologies themselves it is important to understand the environment in which they will be used, which increasingly conditions the manner in which they are employed and suggests the direction for their development.
This paper begins, therefore, by briefly reviewing the changes to the environment in which the fighter pilot operates and the manner by which his requirements, and therefore the specification of the aircraft, are defined before going on to look at the overall contribution each technology makes in the design process.
Modeling the thickness of perennial ice covers on stratified lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica
- M. K. OBRYK, P. T. DORAN, J. A. HICKS, C. P. McKAY, J. C. PRISCU
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Glaciology / Volume 62 / Issue 235 / October 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 June 2016, pp. 825-834
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
A 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thickness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface radiative heat fluxes and heat fluxes from the underlying water column. The model successfully reproduced 16 a (between 1996 and 2012) of ice thickness changes for the west lobe of Lake Bonney (average ice thickness = 3.53 m) and Lake Fryxell (average ice thickness = 4.22 m). Long-term ice thickness trends require coupling with the thermal structure of the water column. The heat stored within the temperature maximum of lakes exceeding a liquid water column depth of 20 m can either impede or facilitate ice thickness change depending on the predominant climatic trend (cooling or warming). As such, shallow (<20 m deep water columns) perennially ice-covered lakes without deep temperature maxima are more sensitive indicators of climate change. The long-term ice thickness trends are a result of surface energy flux and heat flux from the deep temperature maximum in the water column, the latter of which results from absorbed solar radiation.
Contributors
-
- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
6 - Storms, clouds, and weather
-
- By C. A. Griffith, University of Arizona, S. Rafkin, Southwest Research Institute, P. Rannou, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, C. P. McKay, NASA Ames Research Center
- Edited by Ingo Müller-Wodarg, Imperial College London, Caitlin A. Griffith, University of Arizona, Emmanuel Lellouch, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, Thomas E. Cravens, University of Kansas
-
- Book:
- Titan
- Published online:
- 05 January 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 February 2014, pp 190-223
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
6.1 Introduction
Titan appears alluringly familiar. Its surface is shaped by weather, with lakes, fluvial channels, and dunes (Tomasko et al., 2005; Lorenz et al., 2006; Stofan et al., 2007; Barnes et al., 2007; Lopes et al., 2010). Its atmosphere sports clouds that can grow to over four times the height of terrestrial thunderstorms (Griffith et al., 1998; Brown et al., 2002; Roe et al., 2002; Schaller et al., 2006a). These features result from an uncanny resemblance to Earth; similar to the terrestrial hydro-logical cycle, Titan has a methane cycle, with methane clouds, rain, and seas. On both Earth and Titan, the condensable is supplied by the surface; evaporates into the atmosphere, where it condenses into clouds; redistributes in the atmosphere; and precipitates back to the surface. These processes depend on the partitioning of solar insolation, the atmospheric structure and temperature, the condensable inventory and properties, and the circulation, all of which differ between Earth and Titan (Table 6.1).
On Earth, the equivalent of 2.7 km of water covers the surface and supplies the atmosphere with the equivalent of 2.6 cm of precipitable water. This largely wet surface (70% of the globe) is heated by, on average, 60 percent of the incident sunlight, which passes through the mostly transparent (when cloudless) atmosphere. Sunlight powers weather. Its effects are direct – for example, through the evaporation of surface liquids. In addition, there are indirect impacts – for example, through differential heating across the globe, which ultimately steers the general circulation of the planet, with conditions altered locally by the variable heating associated with surface topography, land-water contrast, and other terrain heterogeneities.
Contributors
-
- By Elias Aboujaoude, Tina S. Alster, April Lane Benson, Wolfgang Berner, Donald W. Black, Dana Bodnik, Peer Briken, Raul Caetano, Celal Çalıkuşu, Joan C. Chrisler, Emil F. Coccaro, Pinhas N. Dannon, Helga Dittmar, Sheila Ferguson, Candice Germain, Jon E. Grant, John H. Greist, Andreas Hill, Lorrin M. Koran, Michel Lejoyeux, Laura M. Letson, Timothy Liu, Eileen M. Luna-Firebaugh, Michael S. McCloskey, Duane C. McKay, Christy M. McKinney, Amy McMichael, Drew Miller, Brad Novak, Brian L. Odlaug, Christina S. Pearson, Guy Porter, Marc N. Potenza, Paul Schwartzman, William M. Spice, Vladan Starcevic, Özlem Tecer, Benjamin T. P. Tucker, Michael R. Walther, Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha, Sven E. Widmalm, Timothy Ivor Williams, Reeta Wolfsohn, Douglas W. Woods
- Edited by Elias Aboujaoude, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, Lorrin M. Koran, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
-
- Book:
- Impulse Control Disorders
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 08 February 2010, pp ix-xii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Review of the initial validation and characterization of a 3K chicken SNP array
- W.M. MUIR, G.K. WONG, Y. ZHANG, J. WANG, M.A.M. GROENEN, R.P.M.A. CROOIJMANS, H.-J. MEGENS, H.M. ZHANG, J.C. MCKAY, S. MCLEOD, R. OKIMOTO, J.E. FULTON, P. SETTAR, N.P. O'SULLIVAN, A. VEREIJKEN, A. JUNGERIUS-RATTINK, G.A.A. ALBERS, C. TAYLOR LAWLEY, M.E. DELANY, H.H. CHENG
-
- Journal:
- World's Poultry Science Journal / Volume 64 / Issue 2 / June 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2008, pp. 219-226
- Print publication:
- June 2008
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
In 2004 the chicken genome sequence and more than 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were reported. This information greatly enhanced the ability of poultry scientists to understand chicken biology, especially with respect to identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes that control simple and complex traits. To validate and address the quality of the reported SNPs, assays for 3072 SNPS were developed and used to genotype 2576 DNAs isolated from commercial and experimental birds. Over 90% of the SNPs were valid based on the criterion used for segregating, and over 88% had a minor allele frequency of 2% or greater. As the East Lansing (EL) and Wageningen University (WAU) reference panels were genotyped, 1933 SNPs were added to the chicken genetic map, which was used in the second chicken genome sequence assembly. It was also discovered that linkage disequilibrium varied considerably between commercial layers and broilers; with the latter having haplotype blocks averaging 10 to 50 kb in size. Finally, it was estimated that commercial lines have lost 70% or more of their genetic diversity, with the majority of allele loss attributable to the limited number of chicken breeds used.
The Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey
- F. Camilo, A. G. Lyne, R. N. Manchester, J. F. Bell, V. M. Kaspi, N. D’Amico, N. P. F. McKay, F. Crawford, I. H. Stairs, D. J. Morris, D. C. Sheppard, A. Possenti
-
- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 177 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 3-8
- Print publication:
- 2000
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
The Parkes multibeam pulsar survey uses a 13-element receiver operating at a wavelength of 20 cm to survey the inner Galactic plane with remarkable sensitivity. To date we have collected and analyzed data from 45% of the survey region (|b| < 5°; 260° < l < 50°), and have discovered 440 pulsars, in addition to re-detecting 190 previously known ones. Most of the newly discovered pulsars are at great distances, as inferred from a median dispersion measure (DM) of 400 cm−3 pc.
A Portable Common Executable Environment for Ada
-
- By D. Auty, SofTech, USA, A. Burns, University of Bradford, UK, C. W. McKay, University of Houston - Clear Lake, USA, C. Randall, GHG Corporation, USA, P. Rogers, University of Houston - Clear Lake, USA
- Edited by Judy M. Bishop, University of Southampton
-
- Book:
- Distributed Ada: Developments and Experiences
- Published online:
- 13 October 2009
- Print publication:
- 10 May 1990, pp 259-291
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Perhaps the greatest challenge facing Ada is in the domain of the large distributed real-time system. Because of the long lead time associated with such complex applications no real experience of the use of Ada, in this type of domain, has yet been gained. Nevertheless there are projects of a large and complex nature that are committed to the use of Ada, even though the full potential of the language has yet to prove itself in this challenging domain.
The Portable Common Execution Environment (PCEE) project is a research effort addressing the life cycle support of large, complex, non-stop, distributed computing applications with Mission And Safety Critical (MASC) components. Such applications (for example the International Space Station — Freedom) typically have extended life-time (e.g., 30 years) requirements. PCEE focuses on the system software, the interface to applications and the system architecture necessary to reliably build and maintain such systems. The requirements extend from the target system environment to the integration environment, and ultimately to the host environment. The integration environment serves as the single logical point of integration, deployment, and configuration control whereas system development occurs in the host environment. Life cycle issues include an integrated approach to the technologies (environments, tools, and methodologies) and theoretical foundations (models, principles, and concepts) that span these three environments. The scope of the effort is necessarily broad. There are, however, substantial research foundations to support development across the breadth of the project.