Individuals with mood disorders are predisposed to metabolic dysfunction, while those with metabolic dysregulation such as diabetes and obesity experience more severe depressive symptoms. Both metabolic dysfunction and mood disorders are independently associated with cognitive deficits. Therefore, given their close association, this study aimed to explore the association between metabolic dysfunction in individuals with mood disorders in relation to cognitive outcomes. A comprehensive search comprised of these three domains was carried out; a random-effects meta-analysis pooling mean cognitive outcomes was conducted (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022295765). Sixty-three studies were included in this review; 26 were synthesized in a quantitative meta-analysis. Comorbid metabolic dysregulation was associated with significantly lower global cognition among individuals with mood disorders. These trends were significant within each mood disorder subgroup, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and self-report depression/depressive symptoms. Type 2 diabetes was associated with the lowest cognitive performance in individuals with mood disorders, followed by peripheral insulin resistance, body mass index ⩾25 kg/m2, and metabolic syndrome. Significant reduction in scores was also observed among individual cognitive domains (in descending order) of working memory, attention, executive function, processing speed, verbal memory, and visual memory. These findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of comorbid metabolic dysfunction in individuals with mood disorders. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting mood disorders, metabolism, and cognition.

Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum is characterised by heterogeneity in right ventricle morphology and coronary anatomy. In some cases, the presence of ventriculocoronary connections may promote coronary artery stenosis or interruption, and aortic diastolic pressure may not be sufficient to drive coronary blood flow. This requires a correct evaluation (currently done by angiography) which depends on whether the patient can be offered decompression of the right ventricle. To date, there is no objective method to do so, so we designed a percutaneous, transitory technique with the purpose of occluding the transtricuspid anterograde flow. The manoeuverer was performed in a 25-day-old female with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, right ventricle at suprasystemic level, and selective coronarography was not conclusive, the anterior descendant with stenosis in its middle third and from this point, thinner with to-fro flow. Occlusion was performed with a balloon catheter. We re-evaluated the coronary flow and the normalised anterior descendant flow. We hope that with this new method, we can give a more accurate diagnosis and determine the cases in which the coronary circulation is truly not right ventricle dependent to offer a greater number of patients biventricular or 1.5 ventricular repairs and thereby improve their quality of life and survival, the ones that turn out to be right ventricular dependant; offer them an early reference for cardiac transplant or in case it is not available to consider univentricular palliation knowing that this probably would not reduce the risk of ischaemia and/or death over time.

We propose a novel nonlinear manifold learning from snapshot data and demonstrate its superiority over proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for shedding-dominated shear flows. Key enablers are isometric feature mapping, Isomap, as encoder and, $K$-nearest neighbours ($K$NN) algorithm as decoder. The proposed technique is applied to numerical and experimental datasets including the fluidic pinball, a swirling jet and the wake behind a couple of tandem cylinders. Analysing the fluidic pinball, the manifold is able to describe the pitchfork bifurcation and the chaotic regime with only three feature coordinates. These coordinates are linked to the vortex-shedding phases and the force coefficients. The manifold coordinates of the swirling jet are comparable to the POD mode amplitudes, yet allow for a more distinct and less noise-sensitive manifold identification. A similar observation is made for the wake of two tandem cylinders. The tandem cylinders are aligned and located at a streamwise distance which corresponds to the transition between the single bluff body and the reattachment regimes of vortex shedding. Isomap unveils these two shedding regimes while the Lissajous plot of the first two POD mode amplitudes features a single circle. The reconstruction error of the manifold model is small compared with the fluctuation level, indicating that the low embedding dimensions contain the coherent structure dynamics. The proposed Isomap–$K$NN manifold learner is expected to be of great importance in estimation, dynamic modelling and control for a large range of configurations with dominant coherent structures.

The Mountain West Clinical Translational Research – Infrastructure Network (MW CTR-IN), established in 2013, is a research network of 13 university partners located among seven Institutional Development Award (IDeA) states targeting health disparities. This is an enormous undertaking because of the size of the infrastructure network (encompassing a third of the US landmass and spanning four time zones in predominantly rural and underserved areas, with populations that have major health disparities issues). In this paper, we apply the barriers, strategies, and metrics to an adapted educational conceptual model by Fink (2013). Applying this model, we used four tailored approaches across this regional infrastructure network to: (1) assess individual faculty specific needs, (2) reach out and engage with faculty, (3) provide customized services to meet the situational needs of faculty, and (4) utilize a “closed communication feedback loop” between Professional Development (PD) core and MW CTR-IN faculty within the context of their home institutional environment. Summary statement results from participating faculty show that these approaches were positive. Grounded in best educational practice approaches, we have an opportunity to refine and build from this sound foundation with implications for future use in other CTR-IN networks and institutions in the IDeA states.

Nebular Heii emission implies the presence of energetic photons (E≽54 eV). Despite the great deal of effort dedicated to understanding Heii ionization, its origin has remained mysterious, particularly in metal-deficient star-forming galaxies. Unfolding Heii-emitting, metal-poor starbursts at z∼0 can yield insight into the powerful ionization processes occurring in the primordial universe. Here we present a study on the origin of the extended nebular Heii emission in SBS 0335-052E, one of the most metal-poor (Z ∼ 3% Z⊙ Heii-emitter starbursts known locally. Based on optical VLT/MUSE spectroscopic and Chandra X-ray observations, and current stellar models we found that the Heii-ionization budget of SBS 0335-052E can only be produced by peculiar, nearly metal-free ionizing stars (called here “PopIII-like” stars) with a top-heavy initial mass function. This result is in line with recent simulations for PopIII star formation down to z=0.

From simple averaging to more sophisticated registration and restoration strategies, such as super-resolution (SR), there exist different computational techniques that use a series of images of the same object to generate enhanced images where noise and other distortions have been reduced. In this work, we provide qualitative and quantitative measurements of this enhancement for high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging. These images are compared in two ways, qualitatively through visual inspection in real and reciprocal space, and quantitatively, through the calculation of objective measurements, such as signal-to-noise ratio and atom column roundness. Results show that these techniques improve the quality of the images. In this paper, we use an SR methodology that allows us to take advantage of the information present in the image frames and to reliably facilitate the analysis of more difficult regions of interest in experimental images, such as surfaces and interfaces. By acquiring a series of cross-sectional experimental images of magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films (111), we have generated interpolated images using averaging and SR, and reconstructed the atomic structure of the very top surface layer that consists of a full monolayer of Fe, with topmost Fe atoms in tetrahedrally coordinated sites.

Background: Genetically-determined leukoencephalopathies comprise a rare group of inherited white matter disorders. The vast majority are associated with a progressive disease course and early death. This study seeks to determine the clinical and demographic correlates of stress in parents of leukodystrophy patients, for future clinical guidance. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 36 families was performed. Children aged 1 month to 12 years with a diagnosed leukodystrophy or genetically-determined leukoencephalopathy were included. 31 mothers and 24 fathers completed the Parental Stress Index, 4th edition (PSI-4). One demographic questionnaire was completed per family. Clinical data was gathered within 6 months of the questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed with total stress (TS) scores as the primary outcome. Results: Mothers and fathers had comparable TS scores. No clinical or demographic factors predicted the father’s TS score. Greater ambulatory impairment, using the GMFCS scale, correlated to lower TS scores in the mother. Conclusions: The progressive nature of these conditions makes it such that anticipating a child’s inability to walk may cause more stress for mothers than a child’s actual inability to ambulate. The inability of all other variables to predict total stress highlights a need for individualized approaches when addressing stress in these families.

Background: Biallelic variants in POLR1C are associated with POLR3-related leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD), or 4H leukodystrophy (Hypomyelination, Hypodontia, Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism), and Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). The clinical spectrum of POLR3-HLD caused by variants in this gene has not been described. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study involving 25 centers worldwide was conducted between 2016 and 2018. The clinical, radiologic and molecular features of 23 unreported and previously reported cases of POLR3-HLD caused by POLR1C variants were reviewed. Results: Most participants presented between birth and age 6 years with motor difficulties. Neurological deterioration was seen during childhood, suggesting a more severe phenotype than previously described. The dental, ocular and endocrine features often seen in POLR3-HLD were not invariably present. Five patients (22%) had a combination of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and abnormal craniofacial development, including one individual with clear TCS features. Several cases did not exhibit all the typical radiologic characteristics of POLR3-HLD. A total of 29 different pathogenic variants in POLR1C were identified, including 13 new disease-causing variants. Conclusions: Based on the largest cohort of patients to date, these results suggest novel characteristics of POLR1C-related disorder, with a spectrum of clinical involvement characterized by hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with or without abnormal craniofacial development reminiscent of TCS.

The role of tachoclines, the thin shear layers that separate solid body from differential rotation in the interior of late-type stars, in stellar dynamos is still controversial. In this work we discuss their relevance in view of recent results from global dynamo simulations performed with the EULAG-MHD code. The models have solar-like stratification and different rotation rates (i.e., different Rossby number). Three arguments supporting the key role of tachoclines are presented: the solar dynamo cycle period, the origin of torsional oscillations and the scaling law of stellar magnetic fields as function of the Rossby number. This scaling shows a regime where the field strength increases with the rotation and a saturated regime for fast rotating stars. These properties are better reproduced by models that consider the convection zone and a fraction of the radiative core, naturally developing a tachocline, than by those that consider only the convection zone.

Recent observations of the magnetic field in pre-main sequence stars suggest that the magnetic field topology changes as a function of age. The presence of a tachocline could be an important factor in the development of magnetic field with higher multipolar modes. In this work we performed MHD simulations using the EULAG-MHD code to study the magnetic field generation and evolution in models that mimic stars at two evolutionary stages. The stratification for both stellar phases was computed by fitting stellar structure profiles obtained with the ATON stellar evolution code. The first stage is at 1.1Myr, when the star is completely convective. The second stage is at 14Myrs, when the star is partly convective, with a radiative core developed up to 30% of the stellar radius. In this proceedings we present a preliminary analysis of the resulting mean-flows and magnetic field. The mean-flow analysis shown that the star rotate almost rigidly on the fully convective phase, whereas at the partially convective phase there is differential rotation with conical contours of iso-rotation. As for the mean magnetic field both simulations show similarities with respect to the field evolution. However, the topology of the magnetic field is different.

The mechanism by which sunspots are generated at the surface of the sun remains unclear. In the current literature two types of explanations can be found. The first one is related to the buoyant emergence of toroidal magnetic fields generated at the tachocline. The second one states that active regions are formed, from initially diffused magnetic flux, by MHD instabilities that develop in the near-surface layers of the Sun. Using the anelastic MHD code EULAG we address the problem of sunspot formation by performing implicit large-eddy simulations of stratified magneto-convection in a domain that resembles the near-surface layers of the Sun. The development of magnetic structures is explored as well as their effect on the convection dynamics. By applying a homogeneous magnetic field over an initially stationary hydrodynamic convective state, we investigate the formation of self-organized magnetic structures in the range of the initial magnetic field strength, 0.01 < B0/Beq < 0.5, where Beq is the characteristic equipartition field strength.

Members of the tubicolous polychaete family Serpulidae constitute one of the most important groups of marine fouling biota. This paper describes a new species of the serpulid genus Hydroides from dock fouling at Mazatlán (southern Gulf of California), providing information about live colouration and reproductive features. Hydroides dolabrus sp. nov. belongs to a subgroup of species in which verticil spines are equal in size and shape, lack both external and lateral spinules, but have various modifications to their tips. However, Hydroides dolabrus sp. nov. is distinct in having tips of verticil spines pickaxe-shaped, with asymmetrical triangular radially orientated projections: the internal projections are short and point inward the verticil centre, while longer external projections point outward the verticil centre. Like all species of the genus, H. dolabrus sp. nov. is a gonochoristic broadcast spawner lacking sexual dimorphism. A phylogenetic analysis of Hydroides based on COI, 18S and cyt b sequence data reveals that H. dolabrus sp. nov. is genetically distinct from other species of Hydroides for which sequence data are available. The new species is the 11th in the genus described from Mexican waters.

The chemical synthesis of the copolymers poly(3-HT-co-EDOT-co-fluorene) and poly(3-HT-co-EDOT-co-TDR1) is reported. The first copolymer is derived of 3-hexylthiophene (3-HT), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 2,2'- (9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl) bisthiophene (fluorene). The second copolymer is derived of 3-hexylthiophene (3-HT), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and (E)-2-(ethyl(4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)amino)ethyl 2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetate (TDR1). Their physicochemical characterization by 1H NMR, FT-IR, DSC-TGA, GPC, UV-vis, cyclic voltammetry was carried out. These copolymers combine the high electron density and low oxidation potential of EDOT with the high charge mobility and processability of 3-HT. These are candidates for applications as active or barrier layer in electronic devices (bulk heterojuntion organic solar cells) or as functional membranes (e.g., sensors).