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The narcotics trade and the sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2017

Peter Chalk
Affiliation:
Peter Chalk is a Senior Maritime Security Contractor, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, United States
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Summary

ABSTRACT.Weakly governed and policed, the world's seas offer ample opportunities for the international trade in illegal narcotics. The bulk of Afghan heroin is exported at least partly by sea, as are the opiates produced in Burma. Eighty percent of the drugs produced in South America are carried to their markets in North America by sea. In most cases the drugs are concealed aboard apparently law-abiding container ships or fishing vessels, with or without the connivance of their crews, but in the Caribbean high-speed motor launches(“go-fasts”) are used, and on the Pacific coast cocaine is sometimes shipped in powered semi-submersibles. With twelve to fifteen million containers at sea at any time, and more than 6,500 ports in use around the world, it is impossible to exercise any close control over a world trading system which is both highly complex and infinitely dispersed. Neither legal nor practical means suffice to make more than a small impact on a highly profitable trade with ample supply and demand.

RÉSUMÉ.Les mers du monde entier offrent de vastes opportunités au trafic international de stupéfiants, du fait du faible contrôle et du manque de surveillance dont elles bénéficient. l'essentiel de la production afghane d'héroïne et des opiacés fabriqués en Birmanie est exporté, du moins en partie, par la mer et 80% des drogues produites en Amérique du Sud sont expédiées par voie maritime vers leurs marchés nord-américains. Dans la plupart des cas, les drogues sont dissimulées à bord de porte-conteneurs ou de bateaux de pêche d'apparence respectueux des lois, et dont les équipages peuvent, ou pas, être complices du trafic. Dans les Caraïbes, des vedettes à grande vitesse(les « go-fasts ») sont utilisées et sur la côte Pacifique, la cocaïne est parfois transportée dans des semi-submersibles à propulsion. Entre 12 et 15 millions de conteneurs en mer au même moment et plus de 6500 ports en fonctionnement à travers le monde rendent impossible le contrôle rapproché d'un système commercial international à la fois extrêmement complexe et infiniment épars. Les moyens pratiques et juridiques à disposition ne suffisent pas à générer plus qu'un faible impact sur un marché hautement lucratif et bénéficiant d'une offre et d'une demande importantes.

INTRODUCTION

The maritime “commons” remain particularly vulnerable to many of the transnational criminal designs that have come to typify international security in the contemporary era.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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