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15 - Diplomatic Negotiation
- Edited by Nicholas Kralev, Washington International Diplomatic Academy
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- Diplomatic Tradecraft
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- 15 March 2024
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- 28 March 2024, pp 320-349
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Summary
What makes diplomatic negotiation different from other negotiations is that it takes place between or among nation-states through their representatives, and the stakes are usually higher than those in a domestic context. In addition, while other types of negotiation tend to be mostly transactional, negotiating in diplomacy cannot be isolated from the overall relationship with the other party. A truly successful diplomatic negotiation is one that not only resolves an immediate problem, but ensures that the state of relations with the other side will serve one’s interests in the long run. That does not mean that ties must necessarily be close or friendly, as long as they are civil and respectful, and the countries can work together in the future. Another feature of negotiation that is essential in diplomacy is its ability to build a basis for empathy. It helps to convey one’s own motivations and interests directly, which can reduce misunderstanding, and it provides insight into the other side’s motivations and perceptions.
Fe-Cycle Bacteria from Industrial Clays Mined in Georgia, USA
- Evgenya S. Shelobolina, Sam M. Pickering, Jr, Derek R. Lovley
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 53 / Issue 6 / December 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 580-586
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Dark Fe oxides and sulfides are major discoloring impurities in mined commercial white kaolin clay. In order to evaluate the potential influence of Fe-cycle bacteria on Fe cycling during post-depositional clay-weathering alteration, Fe(III)-reducing and/or Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms were examined in open-pit, subsurface mine samples from kaolin lenses and smectite formations collected from sites in central Georgia. Samples of varying age were examined, including late Eocene smectite overburden, hard kaolin of Middle Eocene age, soft gray kaolin from the late Paleocene, and soft tan kaolin of late Cretaceous age. These clays contained 0.06–5.33% organic carbon, which included various potential organic electron donors for bacterial metabolism: formate (1.1–30.6 mmol/kg), acetate (0–40.5 mmol/kg), lactate (0–12.1 mmol/kg), pyruvate (0.4–78 mmol/kg), oxalate (0–141.7 mmol/kg), and citrate (0–1.4 mmol/kg). All clay samples studied had small concentrations of ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) (0.5 M HCl-extractable Fe, 0.5–2.8 mmol/kg) compared to total Fe (HF-extractable, 25–171.9 mmol/kg). The highest Fe(III)/[Fe(II)+Fe(III)] ratio and the lowest organic carbon content were in kaolin samples in which Fe(III) reduction was determined to be the dominant terminal electron accepting process by hydrogen analysis. All clay samples showed greater numbers of Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (22–22,000 cells/g) than Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (3–410 cells/g) as determined by MPN analysis. The Fe(III)-reducing activity in clays could be stimulated with the addition of 1 mM of the Fe(III) chelator, nitrilotriacetic acid. The addition of nitrate stimulated anaerobic Fe(II) oxidation. These results suggest that anaerobic bacteria involved in both oxidation and reduction of Fe exist in these subsurface clay formations, and might have had an influence on post-depositional weathering reactions.
Potato consumption is not associated with cardiometabolic health outcomes in Framingham Offspring Study adults
- Ioanna Yiannakou, R. Taylor Pickering, Mengjie Yuan, Martha R. Singer, Lynn L. Moore
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- Journal:
- Journal of Nutritional Science / Volume 11 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2022, e73
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Some consider potatoes to be unhealthy vegetables that may contribute to adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. We evaluated the association between potato consumption (including fried and non-fried types) and three key cardiometabolic outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in the Framingham Offspring Study. We included 2523 subjects ≥30 years of age with available dietary data from 3-d food records. Cox-proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension, type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (T2DM/IFG), and elevated triglycerides, adjusting for anthropometric, demographic and lifestyle factors. In the present study, 36 % of potatoes consumed were baked, 28 % fried, 14 % mashed, 9 % boiled and the rest cooked in other ways. Overall, higher total potato intake (≥4 v. <1 cup-equivalents/week) was not associated with risks of T2DM/IFG (HR 0⋅97, 95 % CI 0⋅81, 1⋅15), hypertension (HR 0⋅95; 95 % CI 0⋅80, 1⋅12) or elevated triglycerides (HR 0⋅99, 95 % CI 0⋅86, 1⋅13). Stratified analyses were used to evaluate effect modification by physical activity levels and red meat consumption, and in those analyses, there were no adverse effects of potato intake. However, when combined with higher levels of physical activity, greater consumption of fried potatoes was associated with a 24 % lower risk (95 % CI 0⋅60, 0⋅96) of T2DM/IFG, and in combination with lower red meat consumption, higher fried potato intake was associated with a 26 % lower risk (95 % CI 0⋅56, 0⋅99) of elevated triglycerides. In this prospective cohort, there was no adverse association between fried or non-fried potato consumption and risks of T2DM/IFG, hypertension or elevated triglycerides.
Association between serum lithium level and incidence of COVID-19 infection
- Livia J. De Picker, Marion Leboyer, John R. Geddes, Manuel Morrens, Paul J. Harrison, Maxime Taquet
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- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 221 / Issue 1 / July 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2022, pp. 425-427
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- July 2022
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An antiviral effect of lithium has been proposed, but never investigated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using electronic health records of 26 554 patients with documented serum lithium levels during the pandemic, we show that the 6-month COVID-19 infection incidence was lower among matched patients with ‘therapeutic’ (0.50–1.00) versus ‘subtherapeutic’ (0.05–0.50) lithium levels (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.97, P = 0.017) and among patients with ‘therapeutic’ lithium levels versus matched patients using valproate (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.92, P = 0.0023). Lower rates of infection were observed for both new COVID-19 diagnoses and positive polymerase chain reaction tests, regardless of underlying psychiatric diagnosis and vaccination status.
Potato consumption is not associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk in adolescent girls
- Ioanna Yiannakou, Mengjie Yuan, Richard Taylor Pickering, Martha R. Singer, Lynn L. Moore
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 128 / Issue 3 / 14 August 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 September 2021, pp. 521-530
- Print publication:
- 14 August 2022
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We examined the association between potato consumption in two different age periods during adolescence and risk of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction in White and Black girls. We used data from the biracial prospective National Growth and Health Study. Average potato consumption was derived from multiple 3-d food records in two age periods, 9–11 and 9–17 years, and included white and sweet potatoes from all sources. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate OR for becoming overweight, developing prehypertension, elevated TAG levels or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at 18–20 years of age according to the category of daily potato intake. We also stratified by cooking method (fried/non-fried) and race. ANCOVA was also used to estimate adjusted mean levels of BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, log-transformed TAG, the TAG:HDL ratio and fasting glucose levels associated with potato intake category. Higher potato consumption was associated with higher fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes and higher Healthy Eating Index scores in Black girls. There were no statistically significant associations overall between moderate or higher (v. lower) intakes of potatoes and risks of overweight, prehypertension, elevated fasting TAG, high TAG:HDL ratio or IFG. Also, no adverse associations were found between fried or non-fried potato intake and cardiometabolic outcomes. Potato consumption has been the subject of much controversy in recent years. This study adds evidence that potato consumption among healthy girls during the critical period of adolescence was not associated with cardiometabolic risk.
Psychiatric Trainees: Swiss Penknives for a Cheap Price?
- E. Sönmez, L. De Picker, H. Ryland, M. Pinto Da Costa, T. Gargot, I. Viltrakyte, R. Grassl
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S301
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Introduction
Global trends in the nature of working conditions pose significant threats to the training of medical professionals, as a result of cuts in educational grants and the salaries of professionals in training. Psychiatric trainees are not exempt from these changes.
ObjectivesTo determine the current working conditions of psychiatric trainees and how they impact on their experience of training.
MethodsA semi-structured survey was distributed to all members of the European forum of psychiatric trainees. Responses were collected online from 34 participating countries. The respondents were representatives of national trainee associations. Data collection was completed between May and July 2016.
ResultsRespondents reported that the most important issues affecting postgraduate training were firstly working conditions, then salary, psychotherapy training and supervision, respectively. The average official mandatory working hours for a trainee, including on call duty was reported to be on average 40.16 (± 10.14 hours per week). In reality, the time that trainees report working is more than 20% higher than official working hours (on average 49.08 ± 15 per week). There is an officially recognized minimum vacation period of 20 days in almost all countries, ranging up to a maximum of 40 days (mean: 26.93 ± 4.97, per year). Salaries demonstrate an even greater variation, ranging from 100 Euros (as in the case of Moldova), up to over 5000 Euros (as in the case of Germany or Switzerland) per month.
ConclusionPsychiatric trainees often work longer than the officially recognized hours and their income varies considerably between countries, which have been identified as the two biggest challenges trainees face.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
To which countries do European psychiatric trainees want to move to and why?
- M. Pinto da Costa, A. Giurgiuca, K. Holmes, E. Biskup, T. Mogren, S. Tomori, O. Kilic, V. Banjac, R. Molina-Ruiz, C. Palumbo, D. Frydecka, J. Kaaja, E. El-Higaya, A. Kanellopoulos, B.H. Amit, D. Madissoon, E. Andreou, I. Uleviciute-Belena, I. Rakos, J. Dragasek, K. Feffer, M. Farrugia, M. Mitkovic-Voncina, T. Gargot, F. Baessler, M. Pantovic-Stefanovic, L. De Picker
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 45 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. 174-181
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Background:
There is a shortage of psychiatrists worldwide. Within Europe, psychiatric trainees can move between countries, which increases the problem in some countries and alleviates it in others. However, little is known about the reasons psychiatric trainees move to another country.
Methods:Survey of psychiatric trainees in 33 European countries, exploring how frequently psychiatric trainees have migrated or want to migrate, their reasons to stay and leave the country, and the countries where they come from and where they move to. A 61-item self-report questionnaire was developed, covering questions about their demographics, experiences of short-term mobility (from 3 months up to 1 year), experiences of long-term migration (of more than 1 year) and their attitudes towards migration.
Results:A total of 2281 psychiatric trainees in Europe participated in the survey, of which 72.0% have ‘ever’ considered to move to a different country in their future, 53.5% were considering it ‘now’, at the time of the survey, and 13.3% had already moved country. For these immigrant trainees, academic was the main reason they gave to move from their country of origin. For all trainees, the overall main reason for which they would leave was financial (34.4%), especially in those with lower (<500€) incomes (58.1%), whereas in those with higher (>2500€) incomes, personal reasons were paramount (44.5%).
Conclusions:A high number of psychiatric trainees considered moving to another country, and their motivation largely reflects the substantial salary differences. These findings suggest tackling financial conditions and academic opportunities.
Baseline diet modifies the effects of dietary change
- R. T. Pickering, M. L. Bradlee, M. R. Singer, L. L. Moore
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 123 / Issue 8 / 28 April 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 January 2020, pp. 951-958
- Print publication:
- 28 April 2020
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The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in previous clinical trials. In the PREMIER study, an established behavioural intervention, with or without DASH, promoted greater weight loss than an advice-only control group, but effects of the DASH intervention on BP were weaker. In these analyses, PREMIER data were used to evaluate whether change in dairy product or fruit and vegetable (FV) intake during the first six intervention months impacted changes in weight and/or BP. Study participants were classified as having low or high intakes of dairy products (<1·5 v. ≥1·5 servings/d) and FV (<5 v. ≥5 servings/d) at baseline and 6 months. For dairy products, in particular, participants with higher baseline intakes tended to decrease their intakes during the intervention. In these analyses, subjects consuming <1·5 dairy servings/d at baseline whose intake increased during the intervention lost more weight than those whose intake decreased or remained low throughout (10·6 v. 7·0 pounds (4·8 v. 3·2 kg) lost, respectively, P = 0·002). The same was true for FV intake (11·0 v. 5·9 pounds (5·0 v. 2·7 kg) lost, P < 0·001). We also found synergistic effects of dairy products and FV on weight loss and BP reduction. Specifically, subjects who increased their intakes of dairy products and also consumed ≥5 servings of FV/d lost more weight and had greater reductions in BP than other groups; in addition, higher FV intakes had the greatest benefit to BP among those consuming more dairy products. These results provide evidence that the DASH pattern was most beneficial to individuals whose baseline diet was less consistent with DASH.
Vitamin D intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study
- Jing Guo, John R Cockcroft, Peter C Elwood, Janet E Pickering, Julie A Lovegrove, David I Givens
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 20 / Issue 15 / October 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 August 2017, pp. 2744-2753
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Objective
Prospective data on the associations between vitamin D intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality are limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between vitamin D intake and CVD risk and all-cause mortality in the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study.
DesignThe associations of vitamin D intake with CVD risk markers were examined cross-sectionally at baseline and longitudinally at 5-year, 10-year and >20-year follow-ups. In addition, the predictive value of vitamin D intake for CVD events and all-cause mortality after >20 years of follow-up was examined. Logistic regression and general linear regression were used for data analysis.
SettingParticipants in the UK.
SubjectsMen (n 452) who were free from CVD and type 2 diabetes at recruitment.
ResultsHigher vitamin D intake was associated with increased HDL cholesterol (P=0·003) and pulse pressure (P=0·04) and decreased total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (P=0·008) cross-sectionally at baseline, but the associations were lost during follow-up. Furthermore, higher vitamin D intake was associated with decreased concentration of plasma TAG at baseline (P=0·01) and at the 5-year (P=0·01), but not the 10-year examination. After >20 years of follow-up, vitamin D was not associated with stroke (n 72), myocardial infarctions (n 142), heart failure (n 43) or all-cause mortality (n 281), but was positively associated with increased diastolic blood pressure (P=0·03).
ConclusionsThe study supports associations of higher vitamin D intake with lower fasting plasma TAG and higher diastolic blood pressure.
New excavations at the FLK Zinjanthropus site and its surrounding landscape and their behavioral implications
- M. Domínguez-Rodrigo, H.T. Bunn, A.Z.P. Mabulla, G.M. Ashley, F. Diez-Martin, D. Barboni, M.E. Prendergast, J. Yravedra, R. Barba, A. Sánchez, E. Baquedano, T.R. Pickering
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 74 / Issue 3 / November 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 315-332
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Renewed excavations at FLK Zinj and its surrounding landscape have yielded valuable information regarding its paleoecological situation and the prehistoric behavioral function of the site. The density of materials at the main cluster of the site excavated by Leakey contrasts with the bone and lithic scatters surrounding the site. The location of FLK Zinj, situated a few hundred meters away from a freshwater spring, would have enabled hominins access to water, plants and game. The appeal of the spot for hominins (also explained by the presence of a wooded habitat) is confirmed by inferences of its redundant use prior and during the formation of the FLK Zinj paleosol, as witnessed by materials accumulated both under and on the waxy clay deposit that constitutes the FLK Zinj stratum. The single-cluster nature of the site indicates central-place behavior and evidence is provided that hominins occupied the site at a time of very low predation hazards in the area.
Animal board invited review: genetic possibilities to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants
- N. K. Pickering, V. H. Oddy, J. Basarab, K. Cammack, B. Hayes, R. S. Hegarty, J. Lassen, J. C. McEwan, S. Miller, C. S. Pinares-Patiño, Y. de Haas
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Measuring and mitigating methane (CH4) emissions from livestock is of increasing importance for the environment and for policy making. Potentially, the most sustainable way of reducing enteric CH4 emission from ruminants is through the estimation of genomic breeding values to facilitate genetic selection. There is potential for adopting genetic selection and in the future genomic selection, for reduced CH4 emissions from ruminants. From this review it has been observed that both CH4 emissions and production (g/day) are a heritable and repeatable trait. CH4 emissions are strongly related to feed intake both in the short term (minutes to several hours) and over the medium term (days). When measured over the medium term, CH4 yield (MY, g CH4/kg dry matter intake) is a heritable and repeatable trait albeit with less genetic variation than for CH4 emissions. CH4 emissions of individual animals are moderately repeatable across diets, and across feeding levels, when measured in respiration chambers. Repeatability is lower when short term measurements are used, possibly due to variation in time and amount of feed ingested prior to the measurement. However, while repeated measurements add value; it is preferable the measures be separated by at least 3 to 14 days. This temporal separation of measurements needs to be investigated further. Given the above issue can be resolved, short term (over minutes to hours) measurements of CH4 emissions show promise, especially on systems where animals are fed ad libitum and frequency of meals is high. However, we believe that for short-term measurements to be useful for genetic evaluation, a number (between 3 and 20) of measurements will be required over an extended period of time (weeks to months). There are opportunities for using short-term measurements in standardised feeding situations such as breath ‘sniffers’ attached to milking parlours or total mixed ration feeding bins, to measure CH4. Genomic selection has the potential to reduce both CH4 emissions and MY, but measurements on thousands of individuals will be required. This includes the need for combined resources across countries in an international effort, emphasising the need to acknowledge the impact of animal and production systems on measurement of the CH4 trait during design of experiments.
Heritability estimates of methane emissions from sheep
- C. S. Pinares-Patiño, S. M. Hickey, E. A. Young, K. G. Dodds, S. MacLean, G. Molano, E. Sandoval, H. Kjestrup, R. Harland, C. Hunt, N. K. Pickering, J. C. McEwan
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The objective of this study was to determine the genetic parameters of methane (CH4) emissions and their genetic correlations with key production traits. The trial measured the CH4 emissions, at 5-min intervals, from 1225 sheep placed in respiration chambers for 2 days, with repeat measurements 2 weeks later for another 2 days. They were fed in the chambers, based on live weight, a pelleted lucerne ration at 2.0 times estimated maintenance requirements. Methane outputs were calculated for g CH4/day and g CH4/kg dry matter intake (DMI) for each of the 4 days. Single trait models were used to obtain estimates of heritability and repeatability. Heritability of g CH4/day was 0.29 ± 0.05, and for g CH4/kg DMI 0.13 ± 0.03. Repeatability between measurements 14 days apart were 0.55 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.02, for the two traits. The genetic and phenotypic correlations of CH4 outputs with various production traits (weaning weight, live weight at 8 months of age, dag score, muscle depth and fleece weight at 12 months of age) measured in the first year of life, were estimated using bivariate models. With the exception of fleece weight, correlations were weak and not significantly different from zero for the g CH4/kg DMI trait. For fleece weight the phenotypic and genetic correlation estimates were −0.08 ± 0.03 and −0.32 ± 0.11 suggesting a low economically favourable relationship. These results indicate that there is genetic variation between animals for CH4 emission traits even after adjustment for feed intake and that these traits are repeatable. Current work includes the establishment of selection lines from these animals to investigate the physiological, microbial and anatomical changes, coupled with investigations into shorter and alternative CH4 emission measurement and breeding value estimation techniques; including genomic selection.
Does Dairy Food Intake Predict Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Men? Evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study
- K. M. Livingstone, J. A. Lovegrove, J. R. Cockcroft, P. C. Elwood, J. E. Pickering, D. I Givens
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- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 71 / Issue OCE3 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2013, E234
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- By Samantha Besson, T. R. Gavin Bingham, Ross Buckley, Barnali Choudhury, Thomas Cottier, Brooks W. Daly, Mariel Dimsey, Aline Doussin, Mark Ellis, Jonathan Gass, Christian Häberli, Monica Hakimi, Mariana Hernández-Crespo, Caroline Hess-Klein, Pasha L. Hsieh, Christopher Kee, Stuart Kerr, Markus Krajewski, Emmanuel Laryea, Stephanie B. Leinhardt, Gabrielle Marceau, Sarah Melikian, Bryan Mercurio, Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer, Willa Obel, Colin Picker, Mark Pieth, Ben Thirkell-White, Stephan Wilske, Yvonne Wong
- Edited by Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer, Universität Basel, Switzerland
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- Book:
- Poverty and the International Economic Legal System
- Published online:
- 05 July 2013
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- 21 March 2013, pp xi-xxii
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24 - African Genesis revisited: reflections on Raymond Dart and the ‘predatory transition from ape(-man) to man’
- from Part IV - In search of context: hominin environments, behaviour and lithic cultures
- Edited by Sally C. Reynolds, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Andrew Gallagher, University of Johannesburg
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- African Genesis
- Published online:
- 05 April 2012
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- 29 March 2012, pp 487-505
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Summary
Abstract It is impossible to overstate Raymond Dart
’s contributions to the field of palaeoanthropology. Not only did his 1924 discovery of the Taung child ( Australopithecus ) verify Darwinafricanus ’s prediction that Africa was the birthplace of humanity, but by the mid twentieth century he had also developed an influential hypothesis of early hominid behaviour. The ‘killer ape’ hypothesis, popularised in Robert Ardrey ’s book African Genesis , contended that an inherent violence in early hominids propelled the evolution of our lineage.Australopithecus africanus was conceptualised as a murderous species, members of which regularly cannibalised other hominids and curated their heads as trophies. A more prosaic, but fundamental, component of the hypothesis argued thatA. africanus was also a proficient hunter. In support of this contention, Dart argued that large faunal assemblages associated withA. africanus , such as those from Makapansgat, were its feeding residues. These ideas so provoked Bob Brain , at the time a young South African naturalist, that he tested them at the Paranthropus androbustus Homo site of Swartkrans (South Africa). Brain’s work ushered into palaeoanthropology the developing discipline of taphonomy, resulting ultimately in a new standard of scientific rigour for the field. Further, the data Brain generated at Swartkrans, including numerouserectus Paranthropus fossils damaged by the teeth of large carnivores, falsified Dart’s imaginative hypothesis of australopithecines as mighty hunters, and suggested they were instead common prey of large carnivores. Since Brain’s seminal work, other taphonomic studies elsewhere in Africa have concluded that even members of the genusHomo were acquiescent in competition with carnivores for carcass resources. These results were largely embraced by non-specialists (including, prominently, textbook authors) throughout the 1980s and 1990s, to the disregard of contradictory studies that concluded early and profitable access to animal carcasses by East AfricanHomo . Until our recent re-analyses of the Swartkrans faunas, the South African record has been comparatively less informative on the issue of hunting in post-Australopithecus africanus hominids. This chapter summarises some of our results, which conclude that Swartkrans hominids regularly gained early access to fleshed carcasses and exploited them effectively for food. These zooarchaeological results make sense in light of what is known of the palaeobiology ofH. erectus , a species with high energy needs, which, in turn, necessitated a high-quality diet. Our current knowledge suggests strongly that that necessity was satisfied by the consumption of meat and marrow. Brain’s important work, falsifying the ‘killer ape’ hypothesis, has allowed palaeoanthropologists to consider early hominid hunting and aggressive scavenging on its own merits, unburdened by the more imaginative aspects of Dart’s idea regarding australopithecine inter-personal violence. In doing so, recent data have revealed that Dart was likely correct in the broadest sense when he postulated a ‘predatory transition’ from the ape-like adaptations of the first hominids to a human-like pattern for the first ‘men’,H. erectus .
Contributors
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- By Lee R. Berger, Fred L. Bookstein, Günter Bräuer, Michel Brunet, Steven E. Churchill, Ronald J. Clarke, M. Christopher Dean, Michelle S. M. Drapeau, Sarah Elton, Dean Falk, Andrew Gallagher, John A. J. Gowlett, Colin Groves, Philipp Gunz, Adam Hartstone-Rose, Jason Hemingway, Ralph L. Holloway, Vance T. Hutchinson, William L. Jungers, Ivor Janković, Kevin L. Kuykendall, Sang-Hee Lee, Julia Lee-Thorp, Paul R. Manger, Emma Mbua, Henry M. McHenry, Philipp Mitteroecker, Simon Neubauer, Osbjorn M. Pearson, Travis R. Pickering, Martin Pickford, Sally C. Reynolds, Brian G. Richmond, Avraham Ronen, Darryl J. de Ruiter, Brigitte Senut, Fred H. Smith, Muhammad A. Spocter, Matt Sponheimer, J. Francis Thackeray, Phillip V. Tobias, Peter S. Ungar, Lyn Wadley, Gerhard W. Weber, Milford H. Wolpoff, B. Headman Zondo
- Edited by Sally C. Reynolds, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Andrew Gallagher, University of Johannesburg
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- Book:
- African Genesis
- Published online:
- 05 April 2012
- Print publication:
- 29 March 2012, pp viii-xii
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Contributors
- Edited by Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
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- Stone Tools and Fossil Bones
- Published online:
- 05 April 2012
- Print publication:
- 26 March 2012, pp xiii-xiv
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. 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- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Lack of cognitive recovery following withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use
- P. R. Tata, J. Rollings, M. Collins, A. Pickering, R. R. Jacobson
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / February 1994
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- 09 July 2009, pp. 203-213
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Twenty-one patients with significant long-term therapeutic benzodiazepine (BZ) use, who remained abstinent at 6 months follow-up after successfully completing a standardized inpatient BZ withdrawal regime, and 21 normal controls matched for age and IQ but not for anxiety, were repeatedly tested on a simple battery of routine psychometric tests of cognitive function, pre- and post-withdrawal and at 6 months follow-up. The results demonstrated significant impairment in patients in verbal learning and memory, psychomotor, visuo-motor and visuo-conceptual abilities, compared with controls, at all three time points. Despite practice effects, no evidence of immediate recovery of cognitive function following BZ withdrawal was found. Modest recovery of certain deficits emerged at 6 months follow-up in the BZ group, but this remained significantly below the equivalent control performance. The implications of persisting cognitive deficits after withdrawal from long-term BZ use are discussed.
Trace Elements in Tanganyika Tuffs
- P. Bowden, R. Pickering
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 101 / Issue 4 / 24 August 1964
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 378-379
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