36 results
B.5 Prospective cohort analysis of normal versus mild cognitive impairment for quality of life outcome following DBS for Parkinson’s disease
- C Honey, T Almeida, CR Honey
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 49 / Issue s1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 June 2022, pp. S5-S6
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Background: All guidelines for DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) include a contraindication for ‘dementia’. It is unclear where this cut-off should occur and if patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) do not do as well. This prospective cohort analysis assessed if pre-operative cognition affected post-operative quality of life. Methods: PD patients receiving bilateral STN-DBS (n=100) were prospectively studied using STROBE guidelines. All had Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), motor (UPDRS), mood (BDI-II), and quality of life (Parkinson Disease Questionnaire summary index, PDQ-39-SI). Two cohorts, pre-operative MCI (MoCA:18-25) and normal cognition (MoCA:26-30), had post-operative PDQ-39-SI at 1-year. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an improved PDQ-39-SI at 1-year. Results: Cohorts were not significantly different in age, severity of illness, response to dopamine, or mood. MCI was present in 27/100. Improved quality of life at 1-year occurred in 75% with normal cognition and 70% with MCI (p=0.54) with RR=1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between pre-operative cognition and post-operative outcome (R2=0.02). Conclusions: Parkinson’s patients with MCI should be offered DBS if their motor symptoms require surgery. Guidelines for DBS surgery in PD should change from “dementia is contraindicated” to “patients require adequate cognitive functioning, MoCA greater than equal to 18.”
P.155 Prospective cohort analysis of normal versus mild cognitive impairment for quality of life outcome following DBS for Parkinson’s disease
- C Honey, T Almeida, CR Honey
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 48 / Issue s3 / November 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 January 2022, p. S64
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Background: All guidelines for DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) include a contraindication for ‘dementia’. It is unclear where this cut-off should occur and if patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) do not do as well. This prospective cohort analysis assessed if pre-operative cognition affected post-operative quality of life. Methods: PD patients receiving bilateral STN-DBS (n=100) were prospectively studied using STROBE guidelines. All had Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), motor (UPDRS), mood (BDI-II), and quality of life (Parkinson Disease Questionnaire summary index, PDQ-39-SI). Two cohorts, pre-operative MCI (MoCA:18-25) and normal cognition (MoCA:26-30), had post-operative PDQ-39-SI at 1-year. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an improved PDQ-39-SI at 1-year. Results: Cohorts were not significantly different in age, severity of illness, response to dopamine, or mood. MCI was present in 27/100. Improved quality of life at 1-year occurred in 75% with normal cognition and 70% with MCI (p=0.54) with RR=1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between pre-operative cognition and post-operative outcome (R2=0.02). Conclusions: Parkinson’s patients with MCI should be offered DBS if their motor symptoms require surgery. Guidelines for DBS surgery in PD should change from “dementia is contraindicated” to “patients require adequate cognitive functioning, MoCA318”.
Antidepressant use in low- middle- and high-income countries: a World Mental Health Surveys report
- Alan E. Kazdin, Chi-Shin Wu, Irving Hwang, Victor Puac-Polanco, Nancy A. Sampson, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Jordi Alonso, Laura Helena Andrade, Corina Benjet, José-Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, Giovanni de Girolamo, Peter de Jonge, Silvia Florescu, Oye Gureje, Josep M. Haro, Meredith G. Harris, Elie G. Karam, Georges Karam, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Sing Lee, John J. McGrath, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Daisuke Nishi, Bibilola D. Oladeji, José Posada-Villa, Dan J. Stein, T. Bedirhan Üstün, Daniel V. Vigo, Zahari Zarkov, Alan M. Zaslavsky, Ronald C. Kessler, the WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 4 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 September 2021, pp. 1583-1591
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Background
The most common treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is antidepressant medication (ADM). Results are reported on frequency of ADM use, reasons for use, and perceived effectiveness of use in general population surveys across 20 countries.
MethodsFace-to-face interviews with community samples totaling n = 49 919 respondents in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys asked about ADM use anytime in the prior 12 months in conjunction with validated fully structured diagnostic interviews. Treatment questions were administered independently of diagnoses and asked of all respondents.
Results3.1% of respondents reported ADM use within the past 12 months. In high-income countries (HICs), depression (49.2%) and anxiety (36.4%) were the most common reasons for use. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), depression (38.4%) and sleep problems (31.9%) were the most common reasons for use. Prevalence of use was 2–4 times as high in HICs as LMICs across all examined diagnoses. Newer ADMs were proportionally used more often in HICs than LMICs. Across all conditions, ADMs were reported as very effective by 58.8% of users and somewhat effective by an additional 28.3% of users, with both proportions higher in LMICs than HICs. Neither ADM class nor reason for use was a significant predictor of perceived effectiveness.
ConclusionADMs are in widespread use and for a variety of conditions including but going beyond depression and anxiety. In a general population sample from multiple LMICs and HICs, ADMs were widely perceived to be either very or somewhat effective by the people who use them.
External auditory canal exostoses: long-term surgical satisfaction and its relationship with surgical complications
- J R Costa, A Castro, J Lino, T Soares, C Almeida e Sousa
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 135 / Issue 8 / August 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 June 2021, pp. 684-690
- Print publication:
- August 2021
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Objective
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether complications related to surgery for exostoses are associated with a decrease in patients’ quality of life.
MethodsThis was a retrospective study for which the following information was collected: sex, age, pre- and post-operative symptoms, pre- and post-operative audiological evaluation results, surgical approach, instruments used, complications, and Glasgow Benefit Inventory score.
ResultsThe study included 67 patients (94 ears). The three main complaints reported were wax retention, otitis externa and hearing loss. Surgical complications occurred in 14.9 per cent of patients. Patients experienced a significant benefit from surgery, especially in relation to somatic state, with a global Glasgow Benefit Inventory score of + 44.3. No significant difference was found between the global Glasgow Benefit Inventory changes and surgery-related complications (p = 0.093).
ConclusionAfter surgery for exostoses, the vast majority of patients showed improvement. Complications related to surgery in general do not seem to influence patients’ satisfaction with surgery.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis in urban populations of terrestrial gastropods and rats in an impoverished region of Brazil
- Fábio N. Souza, Maísa Aguiar Santos, Daniele Almeida Alves, Leyva Cecília Vieira de Melo, Dan Jessé Gonçalves da Mota, Arsinoê Cristina Pertile, Ricardo Gava, Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto, Max T. Eyre, Caio Graco Zeppelini, Mitermayer G. Reis, Albert I. Ko, Mike Begon, Thiago C. Bahiense, Federico Costa, Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
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- Parasitology / Volume 148 / Issue 8 / July 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2021, pp. 994-1002
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The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common cause of neuroangiostrongyliasis (manifested as eosinophilic meningitis) in humans. Gastropod molluscs are used as intermediate hosts and rats of various species are definitive hosts of this parasite. In this study, we identified several environmental factors associated with the presence and abundance of terrestrial gastropods in an impoverished urban region in Brazil. We also found that body condition, age and presence of co-infection with other parasite species in urban Rattus norvegicus, as well as environmental factors were associated with the probability and intensity of A. cantonensis infection. The study area was also found to have a moderate prevalence of the nematode in rodents (33% of 168 individuals). Eight species of molluscs (577 individuals) were identified, four of which were positive for A. cantonensis. Our study indicates that the environmental conditions of poor urban areas (presence of running and standing water, sewage, humidity and accumulated rain and accumulation of construction materials) influenced both the distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods, as well as infected rats, contributing to the maintenance of the A. cantonensis transmission cycle in the area. Besides neuroangiostrongyliasis, the presence of these hosts may also contribute to susceptibility to other zoonoses.
Physico-chemical and sensory interactions of arabica coffee genotypes in different water regimes
- D. S. Ferreira, J. F. T. do Amaral, L. L. Pereira, J. M. S. Ferreira, R. C. Guarçoni, T. R. Moreira, A. C. de Oliveira, W. N. Rodrigues, S. L. H. de Almeida, W. R. Ribeiro, M. A. Tomaz, D. T. Castanheira, T. Lima Filho
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- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 159 / Issue 1-2 / January 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 March 2021, pp. 50-58
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The production of specialty coffee has several factors and parameters that are added up in the course of production, so that the quality is expressed in the act of consumption. Based on this scenario, this study included the analysis of ten genotypes of arabica coffee, the materials being subjected to irrigated and rainfed water regimes, in a low altitude region, to identify responses for sensory and physical–chemical quality. The genotypes were evaluated in a split-plot scheme with a randomized block design, with three replications. Arabica coffee fruits were harvested with 80% cherry seeds and processed by the wet method. Subsequently, the characteristics related to physical–chemical and sensory analyses were evaluated. The genotypes of the Paraíso group showed great variability for the physical–chemical and sensory variables for rainfed and irrigated regimes. The genotypes of the Catuaí group, however, showed less variability for sensory characteristics in both cultivation environments and for physical–chemical characteristics in the irrigated regime. In the sensorial data set, the genotypes Catuaí 144 CCF and Catuaí 144 SFC (when irrigated) and Paraíso H 419-3-3-7-16-2, Paraíso H 419-3-3-7-16-11 and Catucaí 24-137 (rainfed cultivation), are more favourable to the production of specialty coffee at low altitude.
P01-365 - Neurosyphilis. A Case Report
- J. Mota Pereira, S. Sousa Almeida, S. Carvalho, J. Freitas, C. Paz, R. Encarnação, T. Salgado
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E573
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Objectives
To report a clinical case on neurosyphilis.
MethodsClinical history, neuroimaging and lab investigations, and neuropsychological assessments.
Case presentationA 66-year-old married man was admitted to an Old Age psychiatric ward presenting with a two-year history of desinhibited behaviour, hetero-aggression and a gradual loss of his ability cope with activities of daily living. His Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 20/30 on admission. The symptoms described above raised the working diagnosis of a frontotemporal dementia. Computerized axial tomography was normal. Laboratory and additional examinations were performed. Serological tests for syphilis were positive for both the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum hemaglutination test (TPHA). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed a positive VDRL (cytology: 2 erythrocytes/μl, 30 leucocytes/μl with 24 mononuclear cells/ μl). Additional tests including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test were negative. Based on these findings the patient was treated for neurosyphilis according to the IUSTI 2008 European Guidelines on the management of Syphilis: Benzyl penicillin 18 million units i.v. daily, as 3 million units every four hours during 21 days. Two months later, he scored 28/30 at the MMSE but showing only slight improvement at the executive function battery.
ConclusionNeurosyphilis remains a differential diagnosis for a wide variety of psychiatric syndromes, including dementia. However, the incidence of neurosyphilis presenting initially with frontotemporal impairment is unclear. High-risk groups such as patients with neuropsychiatric diseases should be routinely screened with serological tests in order to prevent morbidity and help to eliminate syphilis.
Delusions and Hallucinations as First Symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report of a 48-Year Old Male
- R. Malta, C. Torres, T. Faria, S. Almeida
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E484
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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) generally has a presenile onset, behavioral manifestations dominate the clinical picture during which cognitive functions are still relatively intact. Therefore, particularly in the early stages of FTD it is difficult to differentiate this type of dementia from other types of dementia and psychiatric disorders.
Although most patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) present with neuropsychiatric symptoms, the frequency of psychotic symptoms, assumed to be rare, is still unclear possibly due to limited temporal-limbic involvement in this disorder. We report the case of a 48-year old man admitted in a psychiatric ward with delusions and hallucinations.
Significant behavior impairment was present related to social isolation and personality changes. Structural and functional neuroimaging methods disclosed asymmetric frontal and bitemporal damage, mainly on the left. Differential diagnosis consisted of psychotic disorders as well as one of the subtypes of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration group.
EPA-1353 – How Children and Adolescents with Adhd Evolve into Adultwood?
- T. Cartaxo, S. Domingues, J. Monteiro, J. Boavida, S. Nogueira, M. Almeida, C. Alfaiate
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the neurobehavioral disorder most common in school-age children. It is estimated to persist into adulthood in about 65% of cases, causing significant impact on job performance, social functioning and overall quality of life.
ObjectiveAssess functional and quality of life impact in young adults diagnosed with ADHD as children/adolescent.
MethodsCross-sectional study between January and March 2013 with telephone interviews to patients aged over 18 years previously diagnosed with ADHD and followed in a pediatric consultation. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, co-morbidities, performance at school/work, interpersonal relationships and risk taking activities. Statistical analysis done using SPSS.
Results40 young adults were included, the mean age 20 years. 42.5 % were still students and 20% were unemployed. about 12–18% of cases had a problematic relationship with superiors. In some cases we found risk taking habits, mainly tobacco, alcohol and drug use. A minority of them reported being evolve in some sort of crime or violence. There was no statistically significant association between that and the duration of use of medication. Only 12.5 % of cases were followed in adult psychiatry.
ConclusionAs described in literature, there's a high rate of unemployment and tobacco, alcohol and drug use. It is possible that this sample is not representative of the population with ADHD as doesn’t include severe cases (followed by child psychiatrists). Most patients didn’t have followup showing the importance a better transition of care from adolescence to adulthood.
Nursing practice in mental health at family health strategy
- P. Amaral Mussumeci, N. De Almeida Nassif Rodrigues, B. Gerbassi Costa Aguiar, S. Maria do Amaral Chaves, W. Maria Antunes Ramos, T. Quinellato Louro, Y. Cristiane Ribeiro, D. Conrad, C. Baptista Pinto
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S602
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The nurse practice model at the family health strategy is characterized by direct involvement in the patient's health-disease recovery process, deconstruction of social stigma involving mental health disorders, and the restoration of patient autonomy their social ties. This descriptive study follows a qualitative approach to document and analyse practices performed by mental health nurses at the family health strategy (FHS) in Rio das Ostras, Brazil. The study identifies practices implemented by Mental Health Nurses at FHS and the nurses’ own reflection and analysis on these mental health practices. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. All interviewed nurses had worked in the primary mental health care for at least one year at the FHS units in Rio das Ostras. Data was analysed, grouped, and coded according to two categories: 1) The nurses’ professional practices in mental health at the FHS, and 2) The nurses’ view on mental health practices at the FHS. Results show that the main activities in mental health at FHS involve working with the matricial team, continuing education, reception, home visits, referrals, therapeutic workshops and community therapy. Nurse perspectives on professional practices involve prevention, establishment of bonds with patient, and nurses’ training to deliver care to patients who are suffering. The bond with and care for the patient, family and community, is one of the FHS differentiators. In that vein, the study looks at the link between health care delivery, territory and population attended. The health care based on territoriality, allows increased patient and family confidence.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dementia due to HIV infection: Case report
- R. Almeida Leite, C. Gama Pereira, E. Conde, T. Queirós Santos, M. Almeida, T. Azevedo Santos, A. Mesquita Figueiredo
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S370
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Introduction
The majority of HIV infected patients exhibit central nervous system disorders. The most severe is dementia, which is the most common cause of non-traumatic dementia in young patients. It may affect the progression of the disease, compromising the adherence of treatment and increasing the mortality rate.
ObjectivesReport of a clinical case of dementia due to HIV infection in a 33-year-old male patient, admitted in the Acute Inpatient Unit of the Psychiatry and Mental Health Department in Baixo Vouga Hospital Centre.
MethodsThe results were gathered based on the clinical history of the patient, his objective exam, diagnostic exams and family information and from medical research included on PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.
ResultsThe patient presented evident cognitive deterioration with memory loss, attention and concentration deficits, apathy, indifference, psychomotor retardation and behavioral changes in the past few weeks, with a significant impact in his life. The patient did supplementary diagnostic tests, which showed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and global and diffuse cortical atrophy involving the fronto-temporal regions and a neuropsychological assessment whose results confirmed a moderate cognitive deficit. During the hospitalization there was a positive stabilization of behavior with antiretroviral therapy and antipsychotics.
ConclusionThe lack of knowledge about the factors that predispose dementia in HIV patients is a relevant limitation nowadays. The clinical effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy has improved in recent years with a reduction in the prevalence of HIV dementia, which now is estimated at 10%.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Renal developmental disturbances and their long-term consequences in female pups from vitamin D-deficient mothers: involved mechanisms
- L. F. Almeida, H. D. C. Francescato, R. S. Silva, C. G. A. Silva, J. Antunes-Rodrigues, F. J. A. de Paula, T. M. Coimbra
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- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 10 / Issue 4 / August 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 February 2019, pp. 497-501
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The mechanisms involved in kidney disturbances during development, induced by vitamin D3 deficiency in female rats, that persist into adulthood were evaluated in this study. Female offspring from mothers fed normal (control group, n=8) or vitamin D-deficient (Vit.D-, n=10) diets were used. Three-month-old rats had their systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured and their blood and urine sampled to quantify vitamin D3 (Vit.D3), creatinine, Na+, Ca+2 and angiotensin II (ANGII) levels. The kidneys were then removed for nitric oxide (NO) quantification and immunohistochemical studies. Vit.D- pups showed higher SBP and plasma ANGII levels in adulthood (P<0.05) as well as decreased urine osmolality associated with increases in urinary volume (P<0.05). Decreased expression of JG12 (renal cortex and glomeruli) and synaptopodin (glomeruli) as well as reduced renal NO was also observed (P<0.05). These findings showed that renal disturbances in development in pups from Vit.D- mothers observed in adulthood may be related to the development of angiogenesis, NO and ANGII alterations.
Effects of dietary inclusion of citrus pulp and rockrose soft stems and leaves on lamb meat quality and fatty acid composition
- A. Francisco, S. P. Alves, P. V. Portugal, M. T. Dentinho, E. Jerónimo, S. Sengo, J. Almeida, M. C. Bressan, V. M. R. Pires, C. M. Alfaia, J. A. M. Prates, R. J. B. Bessa, J. Santos-Silva
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Meat from lambs finished with high-starch diets often contains low concentration of vaccenic (t11-18:1) and rumenic (c9,t11-18:2) acids and high concentration of t10-18:1. We hypothesized that replacing cereals by dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) and the inclusion of tanniferous feed sources in oil supplemented diets might reduce the accumulation of t10-18:1 and increase the t11-18:1 and c9,t11-18:2 in lamb meat, without affecting the productive performance. In total, 32 lambs were assigned to four diets which combine two factors: basal diet (BD) (cereals v. DCP) and Cistus ladanifer (CL) (0 v. 150 g/kg dry matter). Feed intake, average daily weight gain and carcass traits were not affected by treatments, except for dressing percentage that was reduced with DCP (P=0.046). Both DCP and C. ladanifer reduced tenderness and juiciness of meat, and C. ladanifer also reduced (P<0.001) meat overall acceptability. Intramuscular fat and the concentration of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) were not affected (P>0.05) by diets. However, DCP increased the proportions of odd-chain FA (P=0.005) and several minor biohydrogenation (BH) intermediates in meat lipids. C. ladanifer had few effects on meat FA profile. The proportions of t11-18:1 and c9,t11-18:2 were high in all diets (5.4% and 1.5% of total FA, respectively) and were not influenced by the treatments. Basal diet and CL showed some significant interactions concerning FA composition of intramuscular fat. In diets without C. ladanifer, replacement of cereals by DCP increased the 18:0 (P<0.05) and decreased t10,c12-18:2 (P<0.05), t10-18:1 (P<0.10) and t10-/t11-18:1 ratio (P<0.10) with a large reduction of the individual variation for t10-18:1 and of t10-/t11-18:1 ratio. Combined with cereals, C. ladanifer increased 18:0 and reduced the BH intermediates in meat. Replacement of cereals by DCP seems to promote a more predictable FA profile in lamb meat, reducing the risk of t10-shifted BH pathways in the rumen.
Reward-related neural activity and structure predict future substance use in dysregulated youth
- M. A. Bertocci, G. Bebko, A. Versace, S. Iyengar, L. Bonar, E. E. Forbes, J. R. C. Almeida, S. B. Perlman, C. Schirda, M. J. Travis, M. K. Gill, V. A. Diwadkar, J. L. Sunshine, S. K. Holland, R. A. Kowatch, B. Birmaher, D. A. Axelson, T. W. Frazier, L. E. Arnold, M. A. Fristad, E. A. Youngstrom, S. M. Horwitz, R. L. Findling, M. L. Phillips
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 47 / Issue 8 / June 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2016, pp. 1357-1369
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Background
Identifying youth who may engage in future substance use could facilitate early identification of substance use disorder vulnerability. We aimed to identify biomarkers that predicted future substance use in psychiatrically un-well youth.
MethodLASSO regression for variable selection was used to predict substance use 24.3 months after neuroimaging assessment in 73 behaviorally and emotionally dysregulated youth aged 13.9 (s.d. = 2.0) years, 30 female, from three clinical sites in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study. Predictor variables included neural activity during a reward task, cortical thickness, and clinical and demographic variables.
ResultsFuture substance use was associated with higher left middle prefrontal cortex activity, lower left ventral anterior insula activity, thicker caudal anterior cingulate cortex, higher depression and lower mania scores, not using antipsychotic medication, more parental stress, older age. This combination of variables explained 60.4% of the variance in future substance use, and accurately classified 83.6%.
ConclusionsThese variables explained a large proportion of the variance, were useful classifiers of future substance use, and showed the value of combining multiple domains to provide a comprehensive understanding of substance use development. This may be a step toward identifying neural measures that can identify future substance use disorder risk, and act as targets for therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation of nutrition models to estimate performance of young dairy calves: a meta-analytical study under tropical conditions
- V. L. Souza, J. K. Drackley, R. Almeida, C. M. M. Bittar, T. Z. Albertini, S. Y. Morrison, D. P. D. Lanna
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Mathematical models are important tools to estimate nutritional requirements and animal growth. Very few calf models generated from other countries with different feeding programs, environment and production systems have been evaluated. The objective of this paper is to evaluate two calf models: (i) the National Research Council (NRC) in 2001 and (ii) the updates published by Van Amburgh and Drackley in 2005 and inputted into Agricultural Modeling and Training Systems (AMTS, version 3.5.8). Data from 16 previous studies involving 51 diets for dairy calves under tropical conditions (n=485 calves, initial BW 37.5±4.35 kg and weaning weight of 62.0±10.16 kg) were used. The calves were fed with whole milk, milk replacer or fermented colostrum, plus starter (20.9±1.78% of CP). The accuracy of the average daily gain (ADG) prediction was evaluated by mean bias, mean square prediction error (MSPE), concordance correlation coefficient, bias correction factor (Cb), and regression between the observed and predicted values. The ADG observed from birth to weaning was 0.452±0.121 kg/day. Calves fed with whole milk had greater ADG compared with calves fed milk replacer (0.477 v. 0.379 kg/day) during the milk-feeding period. When all data were pooled (n=51 diets), predictions had a mean bias of −0.019 and 0.068 kg/day for energy-allowable gain using NRC and AMTS models, respectively. The regression equation between observed and predicted values obtained from energy of diets showed an intercept different from zero (P<0.0001) and slope that differed from unity (P<0.0001). In a second evaluation, when calves were fed only milk replacer, the energy-allowable gain from AMTS showed the lowest mean bias (0.008 kg/day) and 82.1% of the MSPE value originated from random errors. The lowest MSPE, the higher Cb value and no significant slope bias (P>0.05) indicate that the AMTS growth model resulted in accurate predictions for calves fed with milk replacer. However, within these latter two approaches, the goodness of fit (R2) was low, representing low precision. The weight gain estimated by the energy available from the diet was overestimated by 19 g/day when calculated by the NRC and underestimated by 68 g/day when calculated by AMTS. The reasons for this discrepancy need to be understood, for only then new models could be developed and parameterized to estimate animal performance in tropical conditions more accurately and precisely.
Herbage intake, methane emissions and animal performance of steers grazing dwarf elephant grass v. dwarf elephant grass and peanut pastures
- E. A. Andrade, E. X. Almeida, G. T. Raupp, M. F. Miguel, D. M. de Liz, P. C. F. Carvalho, C. Bayer, H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho
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Management strategies for increasing ruminant legume consumption and mitigating methane emissions from tropical livestock production systems require further study. The aim of this work was to evaluate the herbage intake, animal performance and enteric methane emissions of cattle grazing dwarf elephant grass (DEG) (Pennisetum purpureum cv. BRS Kurumi) alone or DEG with peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). The experimental treatments were the following: DEG pastures receiving nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N/ha as ammonium nitrate) and DEG intercropped with peanut plus an adjacent area of peanut that was accessible to grazing animals for 5 h/day (from 0700 to 1200 h). The animals grazing legume pastures showed greater average daily gain and herbage intake, and shorter morning and total grazing times. Daily methane emissions were greater from the animals grazing legume pastures, whereas methane emissions per unit of herbage intake did not differ between treatments. Allowing animals access to an exclusive area of legumes in a tropical grass-pasture-based system can improve animal performance without increasing methane production per kg of dry matter intake.
Carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore cattle fed different non-fiber carbohydrates sources associated with crude glycerin
- V. R. Favaro, J. M. B. Ezequiel, M. T. C. Almeida, A. P. D’Aurea, J. R. Paschoaloto, E. H. C. B. van Cleef, V. B. Carvalho, N. B. Junqueira
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Crude glycerin, a potential energy source for ruminant animals, has been evaluated, mainly, in diets with high starch content. However, a limit number of studies have evaluated the inclusion of crude glycerin in low starch diets. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the association of crude glycerin with corn grain or citrus pulp on carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore bulls (n=30, 402±31 kg initial weight). The treatment consisted of: CON=control, without crude glycerin; CG10=10% of crude glycerin and corn grain; CG15=15% of crude glycerin and corn grain; CP10=10% of crude glycerin and citrus pulp; CP15=15% of crude glycerin and citrus pulp. The performance parameters and carcass traits were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). The inclusion of crude glycerin decreased yellow color intensity and increased fatty acids pentadecanoic and heptadecenoic in meat (P<0.05), without affecting neither the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids nor the relationship of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The association of crude glycerin with corn or citrus pulp has no adverse effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuates the Influence of Amyloid on Cognition
- Stephanie A. Schultz, Elizabeth A. Boots, Rodrigo P. Almeida, Jennifer M. Oh, Jean Einerson, Claudia E. Korcarz, Dorothy F. Edwards, Rebecca L. Koscik, Maritza N. Dowling, Catherine L. Gallagher, Barbara B. Bendlin, Bradley T. Christian, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Sanjay Asthana, Bruce P. Hermann, Mark A. Sager, Sterling C. Johnson, James H. Stein, Ozioma C. Okonkwo
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 21 / Issue 10 / November 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 November 2015, pp. 841-850
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The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectionally whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) might favorably modify amyloid-β (Aβ)-related decrements in cognition in a cohort of late-middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sixty-nine enrollees in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention participated in this study. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological exam, underwent 11C Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET imaging, and performed a graded treadmill exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during the exercise test was used as the index of CRF. Forty-five participants also underwent lumbar puncture for collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, from which Aβ42 was immunoassayed. Covariate-adjusted regression analyses were used to test whether the association between Aβ and cognition was modified by CRF. There were significant VO2peak*PiB-PET interactions for Immediate Memory (p=.041) and Verbal Learning & Memory (p=.025). There were also significant VO2peak*CSF Aβ42 interactions for Immediate Memory (p<.001) and Verbal Learning & Memory (p<.001). Specifically, in the context of high Aβ burden, that is, increased PiB-PET binding or reduced CSF Aβ42, individuals with higher CRF exhibited significantly better cognition compared with individuals with lower CRF. In a late-middle-aged, at-risk cohort, higher CRF is associated with a diminution of Aβ-related effects on cognition. These findings suggest that exercise might play an important role in the prevention of AD. (JINS, 2015, 21, 841–850)
The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
- C. Benjet, E. Bromet, E. G. Karam, R. C. Kessler, K. A. McLaughlin, A. M. Ruscio, V. Shahly, D. J. Stein, M. Petukhova, E. Hill, J. Alonso, L. Atwoli, B. Bunting, R. Bruffaerts, J. M. Caldas-de-Almeida, G. de Girolamo, S. Florescu, O. Gureje, Y. Huang, J. P. Lepine, N. Kawakami, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, M. E. Medina-Mora, F. Navarro-Mateu, M. Piazza, J. Posada-Villa, K. M. Scott, A. Shalev, T. Slade, M. ten Have, Y. Torres, M. C. Viana, Z. Zarkov, K. C. Koenen
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / January 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 October 2015, pp. 327-343
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Background
Considerable research has documented that exposure to traumatic events has negative effects on physical and mental health. Much less research has examined the predictors of traumatic event exposure. Increased understanding of risk factors for exposure to traumatic events could be of considerable value in targeting preventive interventions and anticipating service needs.
MethodGeneral population surveys in 24 countries with a combined sample of 68 894 adult respondents across six continents assessed exposure to 29 traumatic event types. Differences in prevalence were examined with cross-tabulations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether traumatic event types clustered into interpretable factors. Survival analysis was carried out to examine associations of sociodemographic characteristics and prior traumatic events with subsequent exposure.
ResultsOver 70% of respondents reported a traumatic event; 30.5% were exposed to four or more. Five types – witnessing death or serious injury, the unexpected death of a loved one, being mugged, being in a life-threatening automobile accident, and experiencing a life-threatening illness or injury – accounted for over half of all exposures. Exposure varied by country, sociodemographics and history of prior traumatic events. Being married was the most consistent protective factor. Exposure to interpersonal violence had the strongest associations with subsequent traumatic events.
ConclusionsGiven the near ubiquity of exposure, limited resources may best be dedicated to those that are more likely to be further exposed such as victims of interpersonal violence. Identifying mechanisms that account for the associations of prior interpersonal violence with subsequent trauma is critical to develop interventions to prevent revictimization.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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