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Mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and intestinal flukes in residents of Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province in Laos
- J.-Y. Chai, J.-H. Park, E.-T. Han, S.-M. Guk, E.-H. Shin, A. Lin, J.-L. Kim, W.-M. Sohn, T.-S. Yong, K.S. Eom, D.-Y. Min, E.-H. Hwang, B. Phommmasack, B. Insisiengmay, H.-J. Rim
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- Journal:
- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 79 / Issue 3 / September 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2024, pp. 283-289
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Faecal examinations for helminth eggs were performed on 1869 people from two riverside localities, Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province, along the Mekong River, Laos. To obtain adult flukes, 42 people positive for small trematode eggs (Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyid, or lecithodendriid eggs) were treated with a 20–30 mg kg−1 single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrhoeic stools were then collected from 36 people (18 in each area) and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Faecal examinations revealed positive rates for small trematode eggs of 53.3% and 70.8% (average 65.2%) in Vientiane and Saravane Province, respectively. Infections with O. viverrini and six species of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus caninus, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, and Phaneropsolus bonnei. The total number of flukes collected and the proportion of fluke species recovered were markedly different in the two localities; in Vientiane, 1041 O. viverrini (57.8 per person) and 615 others (34.2 per person), whereas in Saravane, 395 O. viverrini (21.9 per person) and 155207 others (8622.6 per person). Five people from Saravane harboured no O. viverrini but numerous heterophyid and/or lecithodendriid flukes. The results indicate that O. viverrini and several species of heterophyid and lecithodendriid flukes are endemic in these two riverside localities, and suggest that the intensity of infection and the relative proportion of fluke species vary by locality along the Mekong River basin.
Asian-Pacific perspective on the psychological well-being of healthcare workers during the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Nicholas W. S. Chew, Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan, Sai-Meng Tham, Celine Yan-Shan Tan, Mingxue Jing, Renarebecca Sagayanathan, Jin Tao Chen, Lily Y. H. Wong, Aftab Ahmad, Faheem Ahmed Khan, Maznah Marmin, Fadhlina Binte Hassan, Tai Mei-Ling Sharon, Chin Han Lim, Mohamad Iqbal Bin Mohaini, Rivan Danuaji, Thang H. Nguyen, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Sotirios Tsiodras, Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Dimitra Dimopoulou, Arvind K. Sharma, Kenam Shah, Bhargesh Patel, Suktara Sharma, R. N. Komalkumar, R. V. Meenakshi, Shikha Talati, Hock Luen Teoh, Cyrus S. Ho, Roger C. Ho, Vijay K. Sharma
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 6 / Issue 6 / November 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 October 2020, e116
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Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant strain on front-line healthcare workers.
AimsIn this multicentre study, we compared the psychological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries in the Asia-Pacific region and identified factors associated with adverse psychological outcomes.
MethodFrom 29 April to 4 June 2020, the study recruited healthcare workers from major healthcare institutions in five countries in the Asia-Pacific region. A self-administrated survey that collected information on prior medical conditions, presence of symptoms, and scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised were used. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relating to COVID-19 was compared, and multivariable logistic regression identified independent factors associated with adverse psychological outcomes within each country.
ResultsA total of 1146 participants from India, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam were studied. Despite having the lowest volume of cases, Vietnam displayed the highest prevalence of PTSD. In contrast, Singapore reported the highest case volume, but had a lower prevalence of depression and anxiety. In the multivariable analysis, we found that non-medically trained personnel, the presence of physical symptoms and presence of prior medical conditions were independent predictors across the participating countries.
ConclusionsThis study highlights that the varied prevalence of psychological adversity among healthcare workers is independent of the burden of COVID-19 cases within each country. Early psychological interventions may be beneficial for the vulnerable groups of healthcare workers with presence of physical symptoms, prior medical conditions and those who are not medically trained.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4 Subunit Gene Variation Associated with Chinese Han Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- J. Weidong, H. Xuezhu, G. Tianyou, Y. Chuang, L. Qianqian, X. Yong, G. Lanting
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E402
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Previous pharmacological, human genetical, and animal models have implicated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit (CHRNA4) gene in the pathogenesis of ADHD. The objective of this study is to examine genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA4 gene (rs2273502, rs1044396, rs1044397 and rs3827020 loci) and ADHD. Both case-control and family-based design were used in this study. Children aged 6 to 16 years were interviewed and assessed with the CBCL and CPRS-R to identify probands. No significant differences in frequency distribution of genotypes or alleles between the case and control groups were found. However, further haplotype analyses showed CCGG haplotype on risk for ADHD in 164 case-control sample and TDT analysis suggested that the allele C of rs2273502 over-transferred in 98 ADHD parent-offspring trios. Our findings suggest that CHRNA4 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD, and further work is necessary to replicate and confirm what role the CHRNA4 gene may play in the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD in large independent samples.
Heat stress upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2/4 and acute inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of Bama miniature pigs: an in vivo and in vitro study
- X.-H. Ju, H.-J. Xu, Y.-H. Yong, L.-L. An, P.-R. Jiao, M. Liao
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Global warming is a challenge to animal health, because of increased heat stress, with subsequent induction of immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that act as sentinels of pathogen invasion and tissue damage. Ligation of TLRs results in a signaling cascade and production of inflammatory cytokines, which eradicate pathogens and maintain the health of the host. We hypothesized that the TLR signaling pathway plays a role in immunosuppression in heat-stressed pigs. We explored the changes in the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and the concentration of acute inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN-γ in Bama miniature pigs subjected to 21 consecutive days of heat stress, both in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that heat stress induced the upregulation of cortisol in the plasma of pigs (P<0.05); TLR4 mRNA was elevated, but IL-2 was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, P<0.05). The white blood cell count and the percentage of granulocytes (eosinophilic+basophilic) decreased significantly in heat-stressed pigs (P<0.05). In the in vitro model (PBMC heat shocked for 1 h followed by a 9 h recovery period), TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression also increased, as did the concentration of IL-12 in supernatants. However, IFN-γ was significantly reduced in PBMC culture supernatants (P<0.05). We concluded that a consecutive heat stress period elevated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMC and increased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that TLR activation and dysregulation of cytokine expression in response to prolonged heat stress may be associated with immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to antigenic challenge in Bama miniature pigs.
The ghost of parasites past: eggs of the blood fluke Cardicola chaetodontis (Aporocotylidae) trapped in the heart and gills of butterflyfishes (Perciformes: Chaetodontidae) of the Great Barrier Reef
- R. Q-Y. YONG, S. C. CUTMORE, T. L. MILLER, R. D. ADLARD, T. H. CRIBB
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- Parasitology / Volume 140 / Issue 9 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 June 2013, pp. 1186-1194
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We explored the distribution of Cardicola chaetodontis in chaetodontid fishes from the Great Barrier Reef. We found just four infections of adult worms in 238 individuals of 26 chaetodontid species. By contrast, eggs were present in hearts of 75 fishes (31·5%) and 19 of 26 chaetodontid species (all Chaetodon species). In 10 cases eggs contained moving miracidia; all the others were dead and degenerating. Eggs were sought in the gills of 51 individual fish. There were 17 cases of eggs being present in gills while present in the heart, but also 13 cases where eggs were absent from gills but present in the heart, suggesting that eggs remain longer in heart tissue than in gills. ITS2 rDNA sequences from two adult worms and eggs extracted from gills of five fishes (all different species) were identical to previously reported sequences of C. chaetodontis except for a single base-pair difference in two samples. We conclude that aporocotylid eggs trapped in fish heart tissues may inform understanding of the distributions and host ranges of aporocotylids, especially where adult prevalence is low. The low host-specificity of C. chaetodontis contrasts with higher specificity of trematodes of chaetodontids that have trophic transmission.
The Chemical Evolution of Magnesium Isotopic Abundances in the Solar Neighbourhood
- Y. Fenner, B. K. Gibson, H.-c. Lee, A. I. Karakas, J. C. Lattanzio, A. Chieffi, M. Limongi, D. Yong
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 20 / Issue 4 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 March 2013, pp. 340-344
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The abundance of the neutron-rich magnesium isotopes observed in metal-poor stars is explained quantitatively with a chemical evolution model of the local Galaxy that considers — for the first time — the metallicity-dependent contribution from intermediate mass stars. Previous models that simulate the variation of Mg isotopic ratios with metallicity in the solar neighbourhood have attributed the production of 25Mg and 26Mg exclusively to hydrostatic burning in massive stars. These models match the data well for [Fe/H] > –1.0 but severely underestimate 25,26Mg/24Mg at lower metallicities. Earlier studies have noted that this discrepancy may indicate a significant role played by intermediate mass stars. Only recently have detailed calculations of intermediate mass stellar yields of 25Mg and 26Mg become available with which to test this hypothesis. In an extension of previous work, we present a model that successfully matches the Mg isotopic abundances in nearby Galactic disk stars through the incorporation of nucleosynthesis predictions of Mg isotopic production in asymptotic giant branch stars.
Prescribing patterns of low doses of antipsychotic medications in older Asian patients with schizophrenia, 2001–2009
- Yu-Tao Xiang, Faith Dickerson, Julie Kreyenbuhl, Gabor S. Ungvari, Chuan-Yue Wang, Tian-Mei Si, Edwin H. M. Lee, Yan-Ling He, Helen F. K. Chiu, Kelly Y. C. Lai, Naotaka Shinfuku, Shu-Yu Yang, Mian-Yoon Chong, Ee-Heok Kua, Senta Fujii, Kang Sim, Michael K. H. Yong, Jitendra K. Trivedi, Eun-Kee Chung, Pichet Udomratn, Kok-Yoon Chee, Norman Sartorius, Chay-Hoon Tan
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- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 24 / Issue 6 / June 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 February 2012, pp. 1002-1008
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Background: This study examined the use of low doses of antipsychotic medications (300 mg/day CPZeq or less) in older Asian patients with schizophrenia and its demographic and clinical correlates.
Methods: Information on hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, aged 55 years or older, was extracted from the database of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns (REAP) study (2001–2009). Data on 1,452 patients in eight Asian countries and territories including China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, India, and Malaysia were analyzed. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and antipsychotic prescriptions were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.
Results: The prescription frequency for low doses of antipsychotic medications was 40.9% in the pooled sample. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the whole sample showed that patients on low doses of antipsychotic medications were more likely to be female, have an older age, a shorter length of illness, and less positive symptoms. Of patients in the six countries and territories that participated in all the surveys between 2001 and 2009, those in Japan were less likely to receive low doses of antipsychotics.
Conclusion: Low doses of antipsychotic medications were only applied in less than half of older Asian patients with schizophrenia.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Elevation of the index of left ventricular mass during the acute and subacute phase of Kawasaki disease, and its association with indexes of diastolic function
- Jeong J. Yu, Byung O. Kwak, You H. Jeon, Yong-Mean Park, Ran Lee, Sochung Chung, Sun H. Bae, Bok Y. Pyun
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- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 19 / Issue 1 / February 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2008, pp. 64-69
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Our aim was to determine whether the index of left ventricular mass increases during the acute and subacute phase of Kawasaki disease, and to investigate any relationship between this index and clinical and echocardiographic variables. We performed, therefore, a retrospective study of 66 children with Kawasaki disease, having a mean age of 2.85 years, comparing the findings with those obtained from 57 normal controls, having a mean age of 2.99 years. The data from the patients used for comparison was obtained during the acute and subacute phase of the illness, as well as during the phase of convalescence. We performed correlation analysis of the findings during the acute and subacute phase, determining the relationship between the index of left ventricular mass and other variables. The index was higher (p = 0.0461), and the velocity of propagation of left ventricular early diastolic flow was lower (p < 0.0001), during the acute and subacute phase when compared to control values. The index then reduced (p = 0.0001) during the phase of convalescent when compared to the acute and subacute phase. Levels of albumin in the serum (p = 0.0193), peak E velocity (p = 0.0479), and velocity of propagation (p = 0.0360) were found to be related to the index of left ventricular mass. Significant relationships were found between the differences in this index and differences in body weight when findings during the acute and subacute phase were compared to those of the phase of convalescence. The index of left ventricular mass, therefore, is increased during the acute and subacute phase of Kawasaki disease, and is associated with altered diastolic indexes. This elevation may be due to generalized myocardial swelling from acute inflammation and increased vascular permeability. Measuring this index as a potential predictor of diastolic function should be added to studies of cardiac function during the acute and subacute phase of Kawasaki disease.
Comparison Study of Structural and Optical Properties of InxGa1−xN/GaN Quantum Wells with Different In Compositions
- Yong-Hwan Kwon, G. H. Gainer, S. Bidnyk, Y. H. Cho, J. J. Song, M. Hansen, S. P. DenBaars
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- Journal:
- Materials Research Society Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research / Volume 5 / Issue S1 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 977-983
- Print publication:
- 2000
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The effect of In on the structural and optical properties of InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was investigated. These were five-period MQWs grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Increasing the In composition caused broadening of the high-resolution x-ray diffraction superlattice satellite peak and the photoluminescence-excitation bandedge. This indicates that the higher In content degrades the interface quality because of nonuniform In incorporation into the GaN layer. However, the samples with higher In compositions have lower room temperature (RT) stimulated (SE) threshold densities and lower nonradiative recombination rates. The lower RT SE threshold densities of the higher In samples show that the suppression of nonradiative recombination by In overcomes the drawback of greater interface imperfection.
Mechanism of Quality Factor Compensation by Nb2O5 Addition for Dielectric Properties of Low-T Sintered ZST Microwave Ceramics
- Yong H. Park, Moo Y. Shin, Hyung H. Kim, Kyung H. Ko
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 658 / 2000
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- 18 March 2011, GG3.14
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- 2000
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It has been known that some additives such as Nb2O5 are efficient quality factor compensators to potential additives for low-T sintering of (Zr0.8Sn0.2)TiO4such asZnO. The compensation mechanism of Nb2O5was analyzed in the light of its effects on the Zn incorporation in grains. ZST ceramics were prepared by conventional mixed oxide method and their microwave dielectric properties including quality factor, permittivity and temperature coefficient frequency (TCF) were measured at X-band. After sintering at 1350 and 1400oC, samples were post-annealed at 900∼1100oC. It was found that as Nb2O5 was added, the quality factor of 6 mol % ZnO-ZST specimens increased from 24000 to 44000 without any sacrificing of other dielectric properties such as permittivity and TCF. According to TEM and XRD, Nb addition tends to enhance Zn diffusion toward grain boundaries while Nb moved in the opposite direction. Due to the fact that no second phases were formed, it was assumed that the redistribution of Zn and Nb could play a major role in the enhancement mechanism of quality factor. Post-annealing can also be a secondary booster for the quality factor of ZST. After annealing at 900∼1100oC, the quality factor of a specimen with additives, increased again up to 48000 due to further decrease of oxygen vacancies resulting from further out-diffusion of Zn toward grain boundaries and incorporation of Nb into the grain.
The Control of Zn for ZST Microwave Ceramics With Low Sintering Temperature
- Yong H. Park, Moo Y. Shin, Ji M. Ryu, Kyung H. Ko
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 606 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 292
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- 1999
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ZnO addition for low-T sintering of ZST has serious side effects such as decrease of Q × f value. In this work, the curing of these side effects without any further chemical additivesand causing degradation of other dielectric properties have been presented. After sintered at 1350°C for 2h. samples were annealed in oxygen at 900 ∼ 1100°C for 5hr. It was observed that Q × f value of post-annealed sample at 900°C could recovered up to 46000 from the as-sintered value of 40000. Because there were no formations of second phases or significant changes inlattice constants, which could affect microwave properties of ZST. However, it was found that only for the specimens annealed at 900°C, Zn was almost depleted from grin inside and diffused toward grain boundary. So, it is suggested that the out-diffusion of Zn is responsible for the recovery of Q × f value. Moreover, when the amount of Zn incorporation increased via successive calcination and sintering of pre-mixed powder of ZST and ZnO, Q × f value of 33000 also could enhanced up to 39000 due to the redistribution of Zn near grain boundary by out-diffusion.
Comparison Study of Structural and Optical Properties of InxGa1-xN/GaN Quantum Wells with Different in Compositions
- Yong-Hwan Kwon, G. H. Gainer, S. Bidnyk, Y. H. Cho, J. J. Song, M. Hansen, S. P. Denbaars
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 595 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 September 2012, F99W12.7
- Print publication:
- 1999
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The effect of In on the structural and optical properties of InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was investigated. These were five-period MQWs grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Increasing the In composition caused broadening of the high-resolution x-ray diffraction superlattice satellite peak and the photoluminescence-excitation bandedge. This indicates that the higher In content degrades the interface quality because of nonuniform In incorporation into the GaN layer. However, the samples with higher In compositions have lower room temperature (RT) stimulated (SE) threshold densities and lower nonradiative recombination rates. The lower RT SE threshold densities of the higher In samples show that the suppression of nonradiative recombination by In overcomes the drawback of greater interface imperfection.
Profiling Composition Variations in Composition-Modulated GaP/InP Short-Period Superlattices Using Resonance Raman Scattering
- H. M. Cheong, Yong Zhang, A. G. Norman, J. D. Perkins, A. Mascarenhas, K. Y. Cheng, K. C. Hsieh
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 583 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 361
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- 1999
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We use resonance Raman scattering (RRS) and electroreflection (ER) measurements to profile the the composition and strain variations in laterally composition-modulated (CM) GaP/InP short-period superlattices (SPS's). The ER spectra of a GaP2.2/InP2.0 SPS give the fundamental band-gap energy at 1.69±0.05eV, which is about 210 meV lower than the band gap energy of a GaInP random alloy with the same overall composition. The RRS measurements reveal strong dependences of the phonon spectrum on the polarization and the excitation energy. In RRS spectra measured with the polarization of both excitation and scattered photons along the composition modulation direction, the GaP-like longitudinal optical (LO) phonon redshifts by 4.0±0.5 cm−1 near the resonance with the fundamental energy gap. On the other hand, when the polarizations are orthogonal to the composition modulation, the LO phonons redshift as much as 16 cm−1 at low excitation energies. A comparison of the experimental data with a model calculation gives the average In composition in the In-rich region as 0.70±0.02, and the average Ga composition in the Ga-rich region as 0.68±0.02. Our result also indicates that there are small volumes (less than 1% volume fraction) with very high In mole fraction.
A New Device Model of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistor for Circuit Simulation
- Hong S. Choi, Jin S. Park, Chang H. Oh, In S. Joo, Yong S. Kim, Min K. Han, Yearn I. Choi, Jung G. Yun, Won K. Park, Woo Y. Kim
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 219 / 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 351
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- 1991
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We present a new analytical model of amorphous silicon thin-film transistor (a-Si TFT) suitable for circuit simulators such as SPICE. The effects of localized gap state distributions of a-Si as well as temperatures on the a-Si TFT performances have been fully considered in the presented model. The parameters used in SPICE, such as transconductance, channel-length modulation, and power factor of source-drain current, are evaluated from the measured current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics by employing the proposed extraction method. It has been found out that the analytical model is in good agreement with experimental data at both room temperature and elevated temperature and successfully implemented in a widely used circuit simulator.
Thermal Annealing Study of High-TC Ybacuo and Bisrcacuo Superconducting Wires
- Y. D. Yao, J. W. Chen, Y. Y. Chen, W. S. Pern, H. A. Yong, I. N. Lin, P. C. Yao, S. J. Yang, S. E. Hsu
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 169 / 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2011, 1251
- Print publication:
- 1989
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High‐T YBaCuO and BiSrCaCuO Superconducting wires have been fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. Copper and silver tubes were used as the external jackets. Thermal annealing treatments for all the wire‐type samples were performed between 773 K and 1223 K. Both electrical and magnetization studies show that the superconducting properties can be improved after properly thermal annealing these samples with silver jacket. Our experimental results show that proper thermal annealing treatment can enhance the intragrain critical current density more than 100 times; however, the intergrain critical current density improves only a few times.