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The 1970s witnessed an efflorescence of religious feminism in the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, particularly around the issue of women's ordination. We pose a model for understanding this development—the formation of publics/counterpublics—and explore how it illuminates our case study. Drawing upon oral history interviews and archival sources, we document how RLDS women created independent publications, grassroots consciousness-raising groups, feminist classes and conferences, and Women-Church–inspired worship to reimagine priesthood within their church. We conclude that the lens of a counterpublic offers a capacious view of our topic, one capable of integrating both social movement theory and network theory. Furthermore, we suggest that the RLDS example featured in this essay is simply a manifestation of a larger late twentieth-century American “feminist religious counterpublic” formed across many religious denominations and groups that held a shared feminist social imaginary.
Transcatheter stent implantation has been employed to treat re-coarctation of the aorta in adolescents and young adults. The aim of this work is to use computational fluid dynamics to characterise haemodynamics associated with re-coarctation involving an aneurysmal ductal ampulla and aortic isthmus narrowing, which created minimal pressure drop, and to incorporate computational fluid dynamics’s findings into decision-making concerning catheter-directed treatment.
Methods:
Computational fluid dynamics permits numerically solving the Navier–Stokes equations governing pulsatile flow in the aorta, based on patient-specific data. We determined flow-velocity fields, wall shear stresses, oscillatory shear indices, and particle stream traces, which cannot be ascertained from catheterisation data or magnetic resonance imaging.
Results:
Computational fluid dynamics showed that, as flow entered the isthmus, it separated from the aortic wall, and created vortices leading to re-circulating low-velocity flow that induced low and multidirectional wall shear stress, which could sustain platelet-mediated thrombus formation in the ampulla. In contrast, as flow exited the isthmus, it created a jet leading to high-velocity flow that induced high and unidirectional wall shear stress, which could eventually undermine the wall of the descending aorta.
Summary:
We used computational fluid dynamics to study re-coarctation involving an aneurysmal ductal ampulla and aortic isthmus narrowing. Despite minimal pressure drop, computational fluid dynamics identified flow patterns that would place the patient at risk for: thromboembolic events, rupture of the ampulla, and impaired descending aortic wall integrity. Thus, catheter-directed stenting was undertaken and proved successful. Computational fluid dynamics yielded important information, not only about the case presented, but about the complementary role it can serve in the management of patients with complex aortic arch obstruction.
Surface water can affect the properties of metal oxide nanoparticles. Investigations on several systems revealed that nanoparticles have different thermodynamic properties than their bulk counterparts due to adsorbed water on their surfaces. Some thermodynamically metastable phases of bulk metal oxides become stable when reduced to the nanoscale, partially due to interactions between high energy surfaces and surface water. Water adsorption microcalorimetry and high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry, low-temperature specific heat calorimetry, and inelastic neutron scattering are used to understand the interactions of surface water with metal oxide nanoparticles. Computational methods, such as molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations, have been used to study these interactions. Investigations on titania, cassiterite, and alumina illustrate the insights gained by these measurements. The energetics of water on metal oxide surfaces are different from those of either liquid water or hexagonal ice, and there is substantial variation in water interactions on different metal oxide surfaces.
This journal comprises the edited diaries of Canadian seafarer, Joseph Salter, arranged chronologically from 1839 through to 1899, chronicling the many voyages of his career. He took employment with John Leander Starr, a Halifax Merchant, between 1839 and 1841, then moved into ship owning and the purchase of the Moncton, New Brunswick shipyard in 1846. The mid-nineteenth century was a difficult time for shipping, and Salter declared bankruptcy in 1858. He continued to work in maritime industries but gradually moved toward landward business and politics, as shipping went into decline. The diaries provide a comprehensive view of the life of ship-owner, shipbuilder, ship’s agent, and shipbroker during the age of sail. The diaries are introduced by editor Nancy Ross, great-granddaughter of Salter. Chapter 1 serves as Salter’s introduction, Chapters 2 through 16 record his various voyages: to British Guiana; Jamaica; Sierra Leone; Grenada; and his maritime business dealings and later life. Interspersed with his diaries are collections of his letters and several of his renderings of ships and boats. Appendix 1 lists the vessels under his ownerships; Appendix 2 concerns patent applications; Appendix 3 details his genealogy; and Appendix 4 gives a history of the Moncton Shipyard in New Brunswick.
Fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} controlled annual grasses in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Calypso’ and ‘Poinsett’), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. ‘Edisto 47’), zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Elite’), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. ‘Jewel’) when applied as single or repeated applications of 0.3 or 0.6 kg ai/ha during 1982 and 1983 in North Carolina. All crops were generally tolerant to fluazifop and yields were equal to cultivated controls in all but one experiment. Residues detected in the various crops by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) decreased as time elapsed between application and harvest increased. Approximately 1 ppm (w/w) of fluazifop was detected in cucumbers at 8 days after application, but residues were below the least detectable limit (0.05 ppm) when cucumbers, squash, and cantaloupe were harvested at 18 to 29 days after application. Fluazifop concentrations were 0.06 ppm or less in sweet potatoes at 55 days after application, and no fluazifop was detected at 84 days after application. Small cucumbers (<12 cm long) had greater fluazifop residues than larger fruit (>12 cm long) 20 days following application.
Performing patient care while wearing high-level personal protective equipment presents risks to healthcare providers. Our failure mode effects analysis identified 81 overall risks associated with providing hygienic care and linen change to a patient with continuous watery stool. Implementation of checklists and scheduled pauses could potentially mitigate 76.5% of all risks.
Lithium is a potent psychotherapeutic agent that has gained wide acceptance in paediatrics, especially as adjunct treatment for severe behavioural, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, along with bipolar conditions. Its cardiac toxicity has been well-documented in adults; however, information is limited regarding lithium’s effects on the heart in children. Therefore, paediatric cardiologists following-up children on lithium therapy should be cognizant of the cardiac side-effects and pathophysiology associated with this drug. In this manuscript, we used an illustrative case of a child who presented with lithium poisoning, in order to highlight adverse clinical manifestations that can arise from this medication. The cardiac cell membrane is thought to be the primary site of lithium’s action. Thus, we reviewed lithium’s effects on membrane electrogenic pumps and channels involved in the distribution and passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium across the sarcolemma, as these ions, and their associated currents, are the primary determinates of the action potentials underlying auto-rhythmicity and contractile activity of the heart.
We present low-temperature inelastic neutron scattering spectra collected on two metal oxide nanoparticle systems, isostructural TiO2 rutile and SnO2 cassiterite, between 0-550 meV. Data were collected on samples with varying levels of water coverage, and in the case of SnO2, particles of different sizes. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamics of the water confined on the surface of these particles. The translational movement of water confined on the surface of these nanoparticles is suppressed relative to that in ice-Ih and water molecules on the surface of rutile nanoparticles are more strongly restrained that molecules residing on the surface of cassiterite nanoparticles. The INS spectra also indicate that the hydrogen bond network within the hydration layers on rutile is more perturbed than for water on cassiterite. This result is indicative of stronger water-surface interactions between water on the rutile nanoparticles than for water confined on the surface of cassiterite nanoparticles. These differences are consistent with the recently reported differences in the surface energy of these two nanoparticle systems.
There is no such thing as society: there are individual men and women, and there are families. (Margaret Thatcher, 1987, www.margaretthatcher. org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106689)
Margaret Thatcher's infamous words suggest a declining capacity to conceptualise and articulate notions of the public good in affluent societies. Such a lack of collective imagery is at odds with recent research investigating the relationship between societal income distribution and population health in industrialised countries. This research suggests that societies (national and subnational jurisdictions) with more egalitarian income distributions have better average health status. It is already well established that for individuals in industrialised countries, greater social status (however measured, that is, income, education and so on) is associated with better health status (almost irrespective of health status measure), but at the aggregate level, relative income (income inequality) appears to be more strongly associated with health status than measures of absolute income like median income (for example, Kaplan et al, 1996; Wilkinson, 1996; Lynch et al, 1998). The individual ‘social gradient in health’ has been virtually ubiquitous across the industrialised countries for most of the last century. In short, for individuals, it is clear that wealthier is typically healthier, while at the population level, it appears that societies with a more egalitarian distribution of income are healthier than those with a more unequal distribution of income.
But the evidence on this relationship is not universal and its meaning for policy is highly contested. Lynch et al (2004) and Wilkinson and Pickett (2006) conducted reviews of the same literature and arrived at very different conclusions about the consistency and the importance of the evidence on this relationship. Both would agree that the implications of the evidence are not self-evident, although they arrived at different conclusions about what those implications are.
We argue that there are three heretofore unacknowledged factors that inhibit any resolution of the debate about the importance of income inequality and health:
• the body of evidence consists of a series of studies that are not directly comparable;
• even if it were directly comparable, it would demonstrate considerable ambiguity in its implications, because the relationship is not universal;
• even if we had perfect information, there are deeply entrenched views about the appropriate policy remedies that would not only be effective but have tolerable side effects.
Psychosocial outcome at one year post-injury was examined prospectively in 466 hospitalized head-injured subjects, 124 trauma controls, and 88 friend controls. The results indicate that head injury is associated with persistent psychosocial limitations. However, the presence and extent of limitations are related to the demographics of the population injured, to other system injuries sustained in the same accident, and particularly to the severity of the head injury. More severe head injuries are associated with limitations implying greater dependence on others including poorer Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) ratings, dependent living, unemployment, low income, and reliance on family and social subsidy systems. Head injury severity is more closely related to more objective indices of psychosocial outcome (e.g., employment) than to self-perceived psychosocial limitations, such as measured by the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). (JINS, 1995, I, 67–77.)
Short food supply chains (SFSCs) and civic agriculture are emerging as promising means to support small and medium-sized farms, revitalize rural communities and transform producer/consumer relationships. To find out more about SFSCs and civic agriculture in Maine and to examine factors that promote their success, this study interviewed 31 successful, locally focused Maine farmers and observed many of their market outlets. The study documented the nature and extent of each farm enterprise and each marketing outlet. Farmers were asked to describe their goals, their reasons for success, what they would do differently, and what major problems they had encountered. In the interviews, key factors found to support successful locally focused farming were civic involvement in local communities, production of high-quality products tailored to customer wants and needs, vision and planning pursued in a flexible and adaptive fashion, and personal relationships with customers that foster ongoing mutual education and provide marketing feedback to the farmers. Major challenges revolve around the need for farmland preservation policies, training and financial support for new farmers, working capital for new and experienced farmers, business planning assistance, and lack of infrastructure, such as meat slaughtering and grain milling facilities.
The equations of state and axial moduli of the CaBO3 perovskites (B=Zr,Sn,Ti,Ge) and CaFeO2.5 with the brownmillerite structure have been determined using high-pressure, singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. The bulk modulus-specific volume relationship for the Ca-perovskites is nonlinear, with CaSnO3 and CaZrO3 displaying anomalous stiffening (higher bulk moduli) than previously reported and predicted [1,2]. The axial moduli of the a- and c-axes decrease steadily by ∼30% from the least-distorted of the Pbnm perovskites, CaGeO3, to the most distorted, CaZrO3, while the b-axis shows little change. The net result is a threefold increase in the anisotropy of the axial moduli of CaSnO3 and CaZrO3 (∼21%) relative to CaGeO3 and CaTiO3 (∼4-8%). The bulk modulus of CaFeO2.5 falls significantly below the trend for the stoichiometric perovskites. The introduction of 1/6 vacancies on the oxygen positions softens the perovskite structure by 25%.
Although consumers have a high opinion of locally grown produce, they do not consider origin as important as other factors in produce selection. Inconvenience is a major barrier to purchasing local produce. In a rural community in Maine, the Farm Fresh Project tested an intervention designed to exploit consumers' high regard for locally grown produce and also overcome the inconvenience of buying it. Each week for six weeks in the summer of 1997, employees at three worksites were offered tastings of locally grown produce, information about the produce, and an opportunity to order it at their workplaces. Changes in purchases of locally grown produce were compared with changes among employees at three matched control worksites. More than a quarter of workers at intervention worksites ordered produce through the project. Significant numbers of employees at intervention worksites who had not bought locally grown produce earlier in the summer bought it at outlets in the community during the four weeks following the intervention. Visits to the community farmers' market, purchases at roadside stands, pick-your-own purchases, and purchases of locally grown produce, both overall and at locations other than at the farmers' market, increased significantly in the intervention group. Among workers at control sites, only roadside stand purchases increased significantly. It appears that the opportunity to taste and purchase locally grown produce at a convenient venue, the workplace, motivated consumers to overcome barriers to purchasing locally grown produce at less convenient venues outside of the workplace. Temporary farm stands at workplaces may offer a promising new direct market for farmers.
To investigate and control consecutive outbreaks of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in intensive-care–unit (ICU) patients.
Design:
Epidemiological investigation; restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genomic DNA of outbreak strains; institution of infection control measures to limit spread.
Setting:
The medical-surgical ICU in an 800-bed tertiary-care center in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Results:
S maltophilia was recovered from 14 ICU patients (12 infected, 2 colonized) between February 1993 and February 1994. Ten of the 14 patient isolates and 1 environmental isolate were available for PFGE typing. Patient isolates from 6 of the first 10 patients were identical. Isolates from the next 3 of 4 patients and an isolate recovered from a ventilator being used by a patient not infected with S maltophilia also were identical, but different from the first 6. The ventilator isolate was temporally associated with the latter 4 patients.
Conclusion:
Molecular typing allowed us to determine that there were two separate consecutive S maltophilia outbreaks rather than a single protracted outbreak. Recovery of S maltophilia from patient ventilators and an in-line suction catheter suggests that the organism may have been spread by cross-contamination from contaminated equipment or from an environmental source.