This article reviews the evidence for mobility within, and into, the Roman province of Britannia, assesses the current state of the field and sets out how current approaches should be developed and improved. Mobility was foundational to the Roman empire and its provinces, and this paper demonstrates that Britannia provides a rich case study of the breadth, complexity and challenges of the datasets, methodologies and history of investigation of this central topic to understanding the Roman world. The review provides overviews of textual, epigraphic, material and bioarchaeological evidence and interpretive frameworks. Finally, it sets out a vision for holistic and ethical future archaeological research on this topic, especially in light of the bioarchaeological revolution in recent decades and rapidly developing datasets.

Few studies have examined prospective or neurobiological predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) in Latino youth. We hypothesized that autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity at baseline and in response to social exclusion would distinguish Mexican-origin adolescents with versus without histories of suicidality, and would predict subsequent suicidality. Skin conductance responses and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, indicators of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively, were recorded at baseline and during Cyberball exclusion trials, in 229 Mexican-origin youths (M = 17.16 years, 110 females). STB was assessed 11 times across ages 10 to 20 years; 62 youths had histories of STB prior to the physiological measures, and 61 youths reported STB in the following 2.5 years. Cyberball elicited parasympathetic withdrawal without sympathetic activation, compared to baseline. Adolescents with histories of STB, compared to those without, had lower sympathetic activity during baseline and social exclusion. Lower basal sympathetic activity paired with greater uncoupled sympathetic activation during Cyberball predicted prospective STB. These findings support bioecological theories of stress vulnerability that suggest acute autonomic activity may serve as a biomarker for suicidality risk and extend prior work by identifying pathophysiology that could be the target of interventions to reduce risk in Mexican-origin youth.

Background: Empiric extended-spectrum antibiotics are routinely given to patients with cancer despite low risk of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This secondary analysis of the four INSPIRE (INtelligent Stewardship Prompts to Improve Real-time Empiric Antibiotic Selection) trials evaluated how computerized physician order entry (CPOE) prompts providing patient- and pathogen-specific MDRO risk estimates affected empiric extended-spectrum antibiotic use in patients with cancer. Methods: We identified non-critically ill hospitalized adults (> Results: Including all trials, 36,861 (18,272 baseline; 18,589 intervention) patients had cancer. Mean age was 69.0 (13.6); 48.0% (17,675) were male. Extended-spectrum antibiotic days-of-therapy decreased by 27% (95% CI:20-34%, PPPP Conclusions and Relevance: An antibiotic stewardship bundle that included CPOE prompts recommending standard-spectrum antibiotics for patients at low risk for antimicrobial-resistant infections reduced extended-spectrum antibiotic use in non-critically ill patients with cancer who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, UTI, abdominal infection, or SST, without observed differences in safety outcomes.

Clozapine is the only effective treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but concerns over blood dyscrasia and need for monitoring limit its use. Evidence suggests many hematological abnormalities may result from surveillance bias, with agranulocytosis being the primary adverse effect directly induced by clozapine. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024487199) investigates non-genetic risk factors associated with blood dyscrasia during clozapine treatment, focusing on neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed on studies reporting quantitative risk data. Due to inconsistent neutropenia definitions, analyses used absolute neutrophil count (ANC) thresholds of <2000/mm3, <1500/mm3, and <500/mm3. Forty-four studies were included in the systematic review, 15 in meta-analyses. No significant association was found between agranulocytosis and female gender (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.92–2.38; p = 0.106) or age (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32, 95% CI: –0.26 to 0.90, p = 0.285), whilst a modest inverse association with clozapine dose (SMD = –0.32, 95%CI: –0.50 to –0.14, p < 0.001) and baseline white cell count (SMD = –0.21, 95%CI: –0.40 to –0.03, p = 0.026) was found. Neutropenia (ANC < 2000/mm3) was positively associated with concomitant psychotropic use (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.13–4.07, p = 0.019). Clozapine rechallenge studies revealed no significant associations with gender, age, duration of initial clozapine trial, or length of discontinuation period prior to rechallenge. No strong predictors of clozapine-associated blood dyscrasia were identified. Findings may be limited by study variability, surveillance bias, and lack of consistent differentiation between agranulocytosis and milder neutropenia, highlighting limitations in current evidence.

Inverse surveillance seeks to identify potential pathogens before diseases emerge in populations. In this study, we conducted a molecular survey of eukaryotic vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) within ectoparasite species to anticipate disease outbreaks in animals and humans. We analysed fleas, lice, mites, ticks and triatomines collected from rodents, birds, carnivores and from the environment across Chile. After extracting genomic DNA, we employed an 18S rRNA gene amplicon-based sequencing strategy using Oxford Nanopore Technologies to characterize eukaryotic VBPs. Our findings revealed a narrow taxonomic range of microorganisms, with Hepatozoon as a well-supported taxon. A single sequence matching the genus Babesia was additionally confirmed via BLAST. The bioinformatic pipeline allowed the recovery of high-quality Hepatozoon consensus sequences, enabling robust phylogenetic and population genetic analyses and providing the first molecular record of Hepatozoon in triatomines and the first genetic detection of this parasite genus in trombiculid and macronyssid mites in the Americas. Three different Hepatozoon lineages were detected, which clustered with others found in rodents and reptiles. Analyses of molecular variance indicate that host identity may play a more influential role than geographic region in shaping the genetic differentiation of Hepatozoon lineages in Chile. Our study provides new data on ectoparasite–host–parasite associations, demonstrating the utility of nanopore metabarcoding data for exploring VBPs’ diversity, thereby expanding the known arthropod associations of the Hepatozoon genus and suggesting the role of these ectoparasites as its potential vectors. As some Hepatozoon species can cause animal disease, these findings constitute an early warning for veterinarians.