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Identifying predictors of adverse outcomes after termination of seclusion in psychiatric intensive care units
- Jonathan P. Rogers, Gabriella Lewis, Maria Lobo, Clementine Wyke, Alexander Meaburn, Fiona Harding, Rebecca Garvey, Jenny Irvine, Ahmed Saeed Yahya, Daisy Kornblum, Alexis E. Cullen, David Mirfin, Glyn Lewis
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 10 / Issue 3 / May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 May 2024, e120
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Background
Seclusion is a restrictive practice that many healthcare services are trying to reduce. Previous studies have sought to identify predictors of seclusion initiation, but few have investigated factors associated with adverse outcomes after seclusion termination.
AimsTo assess the factors that predict an adverse outcome within 24 h of seclusion termination.
MethodIn a cohort study of individuals secluded in psychiatric intensive care units, we investigated factors associated with any of the following outcomes: actual violence, attempted violence, or reinitiation of seclusion within 24 h of seclusion termination. Among the seclusion episodes that were initiated between 29 March 2018 and 4 March 2019, we investigated the exposures of medication cooperation, seclusion duration, termination out of working hours, involvement of medical staff in the final seclusion review, lack of insight, and agitation or irritability. In a mixed-effects logistic regression model, associations between each exposure and the outcome were calculated. Odds ratios were calculated unadjusted and adjusted for demographic and clinical variables.
ResultsWe identified 254 seclusion episodes from 122 individuals (40 female, 82 male), of which 106 (41.7%) had an adverse outcome within 24 h of seclusion termination. Agitation or irritability was associated with an adverse outcome, odds ratio 1.92 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.56, P = 0.04), but there was no statistically significant association with any of the other exposures, although confidence intervals were broad.
ConclusionsAgitation or irritability in the hours preceding termination of seclusion may predict an adverse outcome. The study was not powered to detect other potentially clinically significant factors.
Buying a Blind Eye: Campaign Donations, Regulatory Enforcement, and Deforestation
- ROBIN HARDING, MOUNU PREM, NELSON A. RUIZ, DAVID L. VARGAS
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- Journal:
- American Political Science Review / Volume 118 / Issue 2 / May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 June 2023, pp. 635-653
- Print publication:
- May 2024
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While existing work has demonstrated that campaign donations can buy access to benefits such as favorable legislation and preferential contracting, we highlight another use of campaign contributions: buying reductions in regulatory enforcement. Specifically, we argue that in return for campaign contributions, Colombian mayors who rely on donor-funding (compared with those who do not) choose not to enforce sanctions against illegal deforestation activities. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that deforestation is significantly higher in municipalities that elect donor-funded as opposed to self-funded politicians. Further analysis shows that only part of this effect can be explained by differences in contracting practices by donor-funded mayors. Instead, evidence of heterogeneity in the effects according to the presence of alternative formal and informal enforcement institutions, and analysis of fire clearance, support the interpretation that campaign contributions buy reductions in the enforcement of environmental regulations.
Cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted therapy for severe depression: exploratory findings from a decision analytic model
- Paul McCrone, Henry Fisher, Clare Knight, Rebecca Harding, Anne K. Schlag, David J. Nutt, Joanna C. Neill
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 16 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2023, pp. 7619-7626
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Background:
There is growing evidence to support the use of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for difficult-to-treat depression. This paper compares the cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) with conventional medication, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and the combination of conventional medication and CBT.
Methods:A decision model simulated patient events (response, remission, and relapse) following treatment. Data on probabilities, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from previous studies or from best estimates. Expected healthcare and societal costs and QALYs over a 6-month time period were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were used to address uncertainty in parameter estimates.
Results:The expected healthcare cost of PAP varied from £6132 to £7652 depending on the price of psilocybin. This compares to £3528 for conventional medication alone, £4250 for CBT alone, and £4197 for their combination. QALYs were highest for psilocybin (0.310), followed by CBT alone (0.283), conventional medication alone (0.278), and their combination (0.287). Psilocybin was shown to be cost-effective compared to the other therapies when the cost of therapist support was reduced by 50% and the psilocybin price was reduced from its initial value to £400 to £800 per person. From a societal perspective, psilocybin had improved cost-effectiveness compared to a healthcare perspective.
Conclusions:Psilocybin has the potential to be a cost-effective therapy for severe depression. This depends on the level of psychological support that is given to patients receiving psilocybin and the price of the drug itself. Further data on long-term outcomes are required to improve the evidence base.
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
- Robert L. Kelly, Madeline E. Mackie, Erick Robinson, Jack Meyer, Michael Berry, Matthew Boulanger, Brian F. Codding, Jacob Freeman, Carey James Garland, Joseph Gingerich, Robert Hard, James Haug, Andrew Martindale, Scott Meeks, Myles Miller, Shane Miller, Timothy Perttula, Jim A. Railey, Ken Reid, Ian Scharlotta, Jerry Spangler, David Hurst Thomas, Victor Thompson, Andrew White
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- Journal:
- American Antiquity / Volume 87 / Issue 3 / July 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 February 2022, pp. 581-590
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- July 2022
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From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in “big data” compilation.
A flagship for Austral temperate forest conservation: an action plan for Darwin's frogs brings key stakeholders together
- Claudio Azat, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Soledad Delgado, Andrew A. Cunningham, Mario Alvarado-Rybak, Johara Bourke, Raúl Briones, Osvaldo Cabeza, Camila Castro-Carrasco, Andres Charrier, Claudio Correa, Martha L. Crump, César C. Cuevas, Mariano de la Maza, Sandra Díaz-Vidal, Edgardo Flores, Gemma Harding, Esteban O. Lavilla, Marco A. Mendez, Frank Oberwemmer, Juan Carlos Ortiz, Hernán Pastore, Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte, Leonora Rojas-Salinas, José Manuel Serrano, Maximiliano A. Sepúlveda, Verónica Toledo, Carmen Úbeda, David E. Uribe-Rivera, Catalina Valdivia, Sally Wren, Ariadne Angulo
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Darwin's frogs Rhinoderma darwinii and Rhinoderma rufum are the only known species of amphibians in which males brood their offspring in their vocal sacs. We propose these frogs as flagship species for the conservation of the Austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. This recommendation forms part of the vision of the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs, which was launched in 2018. The strategy is a conservation initiative led by the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, which in 2017 convened 30 governmental, non-profit and private organizations from Chile, Argentina and elsewhere. Darwin's frogs are iconic examples of the global amphibian conservation crisis: R. rufum is categorized as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on the IUCN Red List, and R. darwinii as Endangered. Here we articulate the conservation planning process that led to the development of the conservation strategy for these species and present its main findings and recommendations. Using an evidence-based approach, the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs contains a comprehensive status review of Rhinoderma spp., including critical threat analyses, and proposes 39 prioritized conservation actions. Its goal is that by 2028, key information gaps on Rhinoderma spp. will be filled, the main threats to these species will be reduced, and financial, legal and societal support will have been achieved. The strategy is a multi-disciplinary, transnational endeavour aimed at ensuring the long-term viability of these unique frogs and their particular habitat.
OP60 Optimising Risk-Based Screening: The Case Of Diabetic Eye Disease
- Christopher Sampson, Marilyn James, David Whynes, Antonio Eleuteri, Simon Harding
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- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 34 / Issue S1 / 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 January 2019, p. 21
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Introduction:
There is growing evidence that many people attending annual screening for diabetic retinopathy in the United Kingdom (UK) are at low risk of developing the disease. This has led to new policy statements. However, the basis on which to establish a risk-based individualized variable-recall screening program has not yet been determined. We present a methodology for using information on an individual's risk factors to improve the allocation of resources within a screening program.
Methods:We developed a patient-level state-transition model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of risk-based screening for diabetic retinopathy in the UK. The model incorporated a recently developed risk calculation engine that predicts an individual's risk of disease onset, and allocated individuals to alternative screening recall periods according to this level of risk. Using the findings, we demonstrate a means of estimating: (i) a threshold level of risk, above which individuals should be invited to screening, and (ii) the optimum screening recall period for an individual, based on the expected cost-effectiveness of screening and treatment.
Results:The cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that standardized screening (current practice) is the least cost-effective program. Individualized screening can improve outcomes at a reduced cost. We found it feasible – though computationally expensive – to incorporate a risk calculation engine into a decision model in Microsoft Excel. In an optimized screening program, the majority or patients would be invited to attend screening at least two years after a negative screening result.
Conclusions:Individualized risk-based screening is likely to be cost-effective in the context of diabetic eye disease in the UK. It is expected that risk calculation engines will be developed in other disease areas in the future, and used to allocate screening and treatment at the individual level. It is important that researchers develop robust methods for combining risk calculation engines into decision analytic models and health technology assessment more broadly.
Studying Student Experience of Technology Enhanced Assessment Methods (TEAM) in Science and Health in Ireland
- Yvonne Kavanagh, Dina Brazil, Gina Noonan, David Dowling, Ronan Bree, Edel Healy, Moira Maguire, Don Faller, Nuala Harding, Ann Mulvihill, Akinlolu Akande, David Doyle, Jeremy Bird
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- Journal:
- MRS Advances / Volume 3 / Issue 12 / 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2018, pp. 631-636
- Print publication:
- 2018
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This is a cross institution project involving four Institutes of Technology in Ireland. The objective of this project is to assess the use of technology to enhance the assessment of laboratory sessions in Science and Health. In science, health and engineering, the laboratory sessions are at the core of the learning process for skill development. These laboratory sessions focus on the skills acquisition. The Irish Institute of Technology sector, in particular, develops these skills and considers them essential for ‘professionally ready’ graduates. In terms of student progression and retention, the assessment structure has been identified as having a significant impact on student engagement.
The Technology Enhanced Assessment Methods (TEAM) project led by Dundalk Institute of Technology and partnering with Institute of Technology Sligo, Athlone Institute of Technology and Institute of Technology Carlow is exploring the potential offered by digital technologies to address these concerns. It aims to develop a framework for applying the principles of effective assessment and feedback to practical assessment. The TEAM project also aims to facilitate dialogue among stakeholders about what it is we want student to learn in laboratory sessions and how our assessment can facilitate this. A peer network of discipline-specific academics and students in the Science and Health field has been established across all four Institutes. As the network focuses on authentic skills assessment in all core modules, including physics and chemistry, the best practice from this project will inform future assessment procedures across laboratory sessions and may be considered for application within a Science and Materials Engineering context.
Assessing the skills acquired in this environment takes many forms. Using student and stakeholder feedback along with an extensive literature review of the area, the team identified key technologies that cut across science and health disciplines, with the potential to influence and enable the learning process. The emphasis was on developing a powerful learning environment approach to enable students to deepen their learning through engagement with the process. The areas identified are: (i) Pre-practical preparation (videos and quizzes), (ii) Electronic laboratory notebooks and ePortfolios, (iii) Digital Feedback technologies and (iv) Rubrics).
This paper describes the student experience and perceptions of the adoption of digital technology in science practical assessments. It also describes the process involved in setting up the pilot structure and it presents the initial results from the student survey.
Economic Impact of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum) on Florida Cattle Production
- Tajudeen Salaudeen, Michael Thomas, David Harding, Stephen D. Hight
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- Weed Technology / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / June 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 389-394
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A written survey administered to 3,500 Florida cattle producers in 2006 documented tropical soda apple as the most common pasture weed across the state of Florida. Over 80% of the survey respondents reported tropical soda apple on their ranches, and over 65% declared the plant to be a major problem for their cattle operation. On ranches that reported tropical soda apple infestations, the level of pastures infested with this weed ranged from a low of 4% in north Florida to a high of 12% in central Florida. The cattle producers' most common strategies to tropical soda apple were herbicide application and mowing. These strategies were used by 32% of respondents in north Florida, 75% in central Florida, and 76% in south Florida. On a statewide basis, 20% of cattle producers used herbicides alone, 7% used mowing alone, and 20% used both methods. Some cattle producers reduced the cattle stocking rate as a consequence of tropical soda apple infestations. This negative impact was reported by only 2% of cattle producers in north Florida, 6% in central Florida, and 7% in south Florida. With the use of the economic input/output model IMPLAN, tropical soda apple control costs resulted in economic losses throughout Florida of $15 million annually in 2006 to cattle producers and their supporting business sectors.
Contributors
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- By Rob Atkinson, Joyce Chia, Nina J Crimm, G E Dal Pont, Christopher Decker, David G Duff, John Emerson, Jonathan Garton, Matthew Harding, Fiona Martin, Myles Mcgregor-Lowndes, Alison Mckenna, Debra Morris, Ann O'Connell, Adam Parachin, Hubert Picarda, Miranda Stewart, Elizabeth Turnour, Matthew Turnour, Laurence H Winer
- Edited by Matthew Harding, University of Melbourne, Ann O'Connell, University of Melbourne, Miranda Stewart, University of Melbourne
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- Not-for-Profit Law
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- 05 July 2014
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- 08 May 2014, pp viii-ix
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Royal College examination fees surplus
- Catia Acosta, Mark Ashraph, John Bainton, David Baird, Lindsay Banham, Anna Barnes, Caroline Biddle, Sulagna Chakrabarti, Katrina Davis, Tom Dixon, Jacek Donocik, Sarah Dorrington, Muhammad Firdosi, Marcella Fok, Christopher Garrett, Lauren Gavaghan, Vishaal Goel, Ben Goldacre, Surya Goudaman, Jemima Gregory, Duncan Harding, Simon Harrison, Jenna Hathway, James Hecker, Brad Hillier, Daniel Hume, Rosemary Humphreys, Elizabeth Hunt, Jonathan Huntley, Nicolas Crossley Karmelic, Adam Kasparek, Tom Lavender, William Lee, Kathleen Levick, Geraldine Lines, Vanessa Loftus, Catherine Louise Murphy, Deirdre MacManus, Rebecca Marriot, Ian McClelland, Isabel McMullen, Ben McNeillis, Amritha Mishra, Valeria Mondelli, Omer Moghaby, Ana Morelli, Christoph Mueller, Omar Murad, David Nelson, Tim Nicholson, Sarah Nyame, Aspasia Paspali, Areti Pavlidou, Tom Pollak, Catherine Polling, Sotiris Posporelis, Annabel Price, Jalon Quinn, Lena Rane, Muffazal Rawala, Ricardo Sainz-Fuertes, Gregory Shields, Pratima Singh, Sarah Stringer, Alex Thomson, Alex Tulloch, Tom Walker-Tilley, Wojtek Wojcik, Felicity Wood, Angeliki Zoumpouli
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- Journal:
- The Psychiatrist / Volume 36 / Issue 7 / July 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 273-274
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- July 2012
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Avishek Adhikari, Susanne E. Ahmari, Anne Marie Albano, Carlos Blanco, Desiree K. Caban, Jonathan S. Comer, Jeremy D. Coplan, Ana Alicia De La Cruz, Emily R. Doherty, Bruce Dohrenwend, Amit Etkin, Brian A. Fallon, Michael B. First, Abby J. Fyer, Angela Ghesquiere, Jay A. Gingrich, Robert A. Glick, Joshua A. Gordon, Ethan E. Gorenstein, Marco A. Grados, James P. Hambrick, James Hanks, Kelli Jane K. Harding, Richard G. Heimberg, Rene Hen, Devon E. Hinton, Myron A. Hofer, Matthew J. Kaplowitz, Sharaf S. Khan, Donald F. Klein, Karestan C. Koenen, E. David Leonardo, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael R. Liebowitz, Sarah H. Lisanby, Antonio Mantovani, John C. Markowitz, Patrick J. McGrath, Caitlin McOmish, Jeffrey M. Miller, Jan Mohlman, Elizabeth Sagurton Mulhare, Philip R. Muskin, Navin Arun Natarajan, Yuval Neria, Nicole R. Nugent, Mayumi Okuda, Mark Olfson, Laszlo A. Papp, Sapana R. Patel, Anthony Pinto, Kristin Pontoski, Jesse W. Richardson-Jones, Carolyn I. Rodriguez, Steven P. Roose, Moira A. Rynn, Franklin Schneier, M. Katherine Shear, Ranjeeb Shrestha, Helen Blair Simpson, Smit S. Sinha, Natalia Skritskaya, Jami Socha, Eun Jung Suh, Gregory M. Sullivan, Anthony J. Tranguch, Hilary B. Vidair, Tor D. Wager, Myrna M Weissman, Noelia V. Weisstaub
- Edited by Helen Blair Simpson, Columbia University, New York, Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Columbia University, New York, Franklin Schneier, Columbia University, New York
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- Book:
- Anxiety Disorders
- Published online:
- 10 November 2010
- Print publication:
- 26 August 2010, pp vii-xii
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Mental capacity and psychiatric in-patients: implications for the new mental health law in England and Wales
- Gareth S. Owen, George Szmukler, Genevra Richardson, Anthony S. David, Peter Hayward, James Rucker, Duncan Harding, Matthew Hotopf
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 195 / Issue 3 / September 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 257-263
- Print publication:
- September 2009
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Background
In England and Wales mental health services need to take account of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health Act 1983. The overlap between these two causes dilemmas for clinicians.
AimsTo describe the frequency and characteristics of patients who fall into two potentially anomalous groups: those who are not detained but lack mental capacity; and those who are detained but have mental capacity.
MethodCross-sectional study of 200 patients admitted to psychiatric wards. We assessed mental capacity using a semi-structured interview, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT–T).
ResultsOf the in-patient sample, 24% were informal but lacked capacity: these patients felt more coerced and had greater levels of treatment refusal than informal participants with capacity. People detained under the Mental Health Act with capacity comprised a small group (6%) that was hard to characterise.
ConclusionsOur data suggest that psychiatrists in England and Wales need to take account of the Mental Capacity Act, and in particular best interests judgments and deprivation of liberty safeguards, more explicitly than is perhaps currently the case.
4 - Matching Estimators of Causal Effects
- Stephen L. Morgan, Cornell University, New York, Christopher Winship, Harvard University, Massachusetts
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- Counterfactuals and Causal Inference
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- 05 June 2012
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- 30 July 2007, pp 87-122
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Summary
The rise of the counterfactual model to prominence has increased the popularity of data analysis routines that are most clearly useful for estimating the effects of causes. The matching estimators that we will review and explain in this chapter are perhaps the best example of a classic technique that has reemerged in the past two decades as a promising procedure for estimating causal effects. Matching represents an intuitive method for addressing causal questions, primarily because it pushes the analyst to confront the process of causal exposure as well as the limitations of available data. Accordingly, among social scientists who adopt a counterfactual perspective, matching methods are fast becoming an indispensable technique for prosecuting causal questions, even though they usually prove to be the beginning rather than the end of causal analysis on any particular topic.
We begin with a brief discussion of the past use of matching methods. Then, we present the fundamental concepts underlying matching, including stratification of the data, weighting to achieve balance, and propensity scores. Thereafter, we discuss how matching is usually undertaken in practice, including an overview of various matching algorithms. Finally, we discuss how the assumptions behind matching estimators often break down in practice, and we introduce some of the remedies that have been proposed to address the resulting problems.
Thomas W. Robinson (1935–2006)
- Harry Harding, Steven Levine, David Shambaugh
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- Journal:
- The China Quarterly / Volume 188 / December 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2006, pp. 1109-1117
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- December 2006
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Correlations Between X-ray and Radio Pulses in Vela
- Jennifer Donovan, Andrea Lommen, Zaven Arzoumanian, Alice Harding, Mark Strickman, Carl Gwinn, Richard Dodson, Peter McCulloch, David Moffett
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- Journal:
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 218 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2016, pp. 335-336
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- 2004
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Pulse-shape changes correlating with flux have been shown to exist in the Vela pulsar's radio emission (Krishnamohan & Downs 1983). The aim of this work was to look for correlations between radio and X-ray flux in Vela on a pulse-by-pulse basis. We found that Vela emits significantly more X-rays during radio pulses with strong flux than during weak radio flux pulses, which indicates that the mechanisms creating the Vela pulsar's X-ray and radio emission must be related.
The 1996 Research Assessment Exercise in British universities: views from the judging and the judged
- Barry Cunliffe, Anthony Harding, David Austin
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ANTIQUITY invited a member of the Research Assessment panel for archaeology in British universities to write about the exercise. He declined; as the matter was sub judice, he must be silent. Perhaps that phrase defines the colleague as judge, rather than as peer-reviewer.
Fortunately, Barry Cunliffe, chairman of the archaeology review panel (and of ANTIQUITY'S trustees), made public his views in his Presidential Anniversary Address to the Society of Antiquaries of April 1995 —before the current assessment got under way. We reprint it with permission. Professor Cunliffe starts with a brisk reminder—overlooked by our coverage in the March ANTIQUITY—of the real benefits of asking just what researchers do for their money in the supposedly tranquil and desirable échelons of our universities.
Oxidation protective barrier coatings for high-temperature polymer matrix composites
- David R. Harding, James K. Sutter, Marla A. Schuerman, Elizabeth A. Crane
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 9 / Issue 6 / June 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 March 2011, pp. 1583-1595
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- June 1994
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Three coating techniques (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) were employed to deposit different coating materials (alumina, a superalloy, and silicon nitride) on graphite-fiber-reinforced polyimide composites to protect against oxidation at elevated temperatures. Adhesion and integrity of the coatings were evaluated by isothermal aging (371 °C for 500 h) and thermal cycling (25 to 232 °C for 1000 cycles and −18 to 232 °C for 300 cycles). Best results were achieved with a plasma-deposited, amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN: H) coating, which withstood stresses from 0.18 to −1.6 GPa. The major factors affecting the suitability of a-SiN: H as an oxidation protective coating are the surface finish of the polymer composite and the presence of a sizable hydrogen content in the coating.
Temperature Dependence of the Intrinsic Stress and Biaxial Modulus of Plasma Deposited Silicon Nitride and Silicon Oxynitride Films
- David R. Harding, Linus T. Ogbuji
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 356 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 221
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- 1994
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The intrinsic stress and biaxial modulus of thin films of amorphous silicon nitride (0.5μm) and silicon oxynitride (1.5 to 2.5 μm) were measured following deposition (Ts=260 to 610°C), and then at discrete intervals throughout an annealing cycle. The biaxial modulus and intrinsic stress of the silicon nitride films increased from 110 GPa and 130 MPa, respectively, to 180 GPa and 680 MPa as the deposition temperature increased from Ts=340°C to Ts=610°C. The elemental composition was unaffected by the deposition temperature. Annealing at 1100°C increased the intrinsic stress to ≃ 1.8 GPa, as nitrogen and hydrogen were lost. Films with “near-stoichiometric” compositions (SiN1.1; H = 12 at.%) did not crack.
Adding oxygen to form silicon oxynitride lowered both the biaxial modulus (20–30 GPa) and the intrinsic stress (−50 to 100 MPa). All the silicon oxynitride compositions (SiO0.3N1.0 to SiO1.7N0.5) were unstable when annealed above the deposition temperature (260°C). Films grown using mostly nitrous oxide (R = N2O/(N20+NH3) < 0.5) oxidized at 350°C to form silica. Simultaneously, the biaxial modulus and intrinsic stress increased to 100 GPa and 170 MPa, respectively. Films grown from mostly ammonia (R <0.5) lost nitrogen and hydrogen and cracked when the temperature exceeded the deposition temperature by 40 to 90°C. The stress induced by the elemental loss was ≃ 600 MPa.
Lyman α Emission from Disk Absorption Systems in QSOs: Star Formation in Young Galaxy Disks
- Harding E. Smith, Ross D. Cohen, Joseph E. Burns, David J. Moore, Barbara Uchida
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- Journal:
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 134 / 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 August 2017, pp. 557-559
- Print publication:
- 1989
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The strong self-damped Lyman α absorption systems present in the spectra of high redshift QSOs represent a unique population of absorber which has recently been associated with the precursors of current disk galaxies. In a low resolution survey for what we have come to call “Lyman α disk systems” performed at Lick Observatory (Wolfe, et al. 1986, Ap. J. Suppl. 61, 249) approximately 18 systems with confirmed damped Lyman α profiles and rest frame equivalent widths greater than 5 Å were detected in a sample of 68 high redshift QSOs (Smith, Cohen and Bradley 1986, Ap. J. 310, 583). Subsequent higher resolution study has shown these systems to have the following properties (Turnshek, et al. 1988, Ap. J., in press):
1. Neutral hydrogen column densities, 2 × 1020 ≤ NHI ≤ 8 × 1021 cm−2.
2. Low-mixed ionization state. Typically the low ionization states dominate the high ionization states (e.g. CII ≫ CIV). Some enrichment has occurred, −2≲[X/H]⊙ ≲0.
3. Gas density, n ≲ 1 cm−3.
4. The gas shows two components, a quiescent (disk) component, σν ≲ 10 km s−1, and a turbulent (halo) component, σν ≲ 20 km s−1. Some systems show only the low velocity dispersion component.
5. At least one system intervening toward a radio QSO (Pks 0458-020) shows 21-cm absorption. The system shows multiple cloud structure with σν ≈ 6 km s−1, Ts ≈ 100 K, and structure extended over several kpc on the sky.
6. There is evidence that these systems may be self gravitating with scale height of the order of 300 pc.
7. These systems represent a unique population of absorber (distinct from the ‘Lyman a forest’ and heavy element systems) covering approximately 20% of the sky to z ≈ 3 and accounting for all of the baryonic matter at that redshift.