36 results
Food and beverage selection in children’s sports arenas in Norway: a cross-sectional study
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Yngvild Frivold, Gigja Max, Kristin Fjæra, Therese Fostervold Mathisen, Mari Charlotte Wik Myhrstad
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 27 / Issue 1 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 April 2024, e115
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Objective:
To assess the selection of foods and beverages in children’s sports arenas in Norway.
Design:A cross-sectional study design with a digital questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Moreover, Pearson’s χ2 tests examined the factors that could aid in distinguishing clubs with healthy or unhealthy consumables.
Setting:Children’s sports clubs in Norway.
Participants:Representatives from 301 children’s sports clubs in Norway answered the questionnaire between September and November 2021.
Results:In total, 89·4% of the participating sports clubs (n 301) offered soda drinks with sugar. Most of the sports clubs (88 %) reported to offer batter-based cakes such as pancakes and waffles and 63·8 % offered cakes. Furthermore, 47·5% sold hot dishes with processed meat, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. More than 80% of the sports clubs offered sweets and snacks, while 44·5% did not offer fruits, vegetables and/or berries. Notably, the important factors that distinguished sports clubs with healthier food selections from those with unhealthier selections were the presence of guidelines for the food offered and purchase agreements with food suppliers.
Conclusions:Educational, governmental guidelines for the promotion of healthy eating and establishing agreements with suppliers of healthier foods could help to overcome barriers to unhealthy food selection.
Adolescents’ experiences with the food selection at the sports arena in the area of Oslo, Norway: a focus group study
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Pauline Alise Leganger Wattenberg, Therese Fostervold Mathisen, Mari Charlotte Wik Myhrstad
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 27 / Issue 1 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 January 2024, e39
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Objective:
To investigate adolescents’ experiences with the food selection at the sport arena.
Design:Four focus group interviews were conducted with 4–6 participants each. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded in NVivo and the analysis was guided by thematic analysis.
Setting:Adolescents from handball and football clubs in Oslo and Viken, Norway, participated in the study.
Participants:A total of nine boys (11–14 years old) and ten girls (11–14 years old) participated in the study.
Results:We identified four main themes: interest for healthy food; experiences with the food selection at the sports arena; factors influencing participants’ food choices at the sports arena and expectations related to a healthy food selection at the sports arena. Adolescents across the focus groups experienced the food selection at the sports arena as unhealthy. Price, marketing and availability of unhealthy food were important factors that influenced their food choices at the sports arena. The trainer appeared to motivate the participants to eat healthy.
Conclusions:Participants wished for a healthier food selection at the sports arena. Cost of food emerged as a factor that influenced their food choices. Our study also indicates that marketing of unhealthy food and beverages should be restricted, to influence adolescence food choice towards healthier alternatives.
A Case for Description
- Carolyn E. Holmes, Meg K. Guliford, Mary Anne S. Mendoza-Davé, Michelle Jurkovich
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- Journal:
- PS: Political Science & Politics / Volume 57 / Issue 1 / January 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 2023, pp. 51-56
- Print publication:
- January 2024
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Descriptive research—work aimed at answering “who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” and “how” questions—is vital at every stage of social scientific inquiry. The creative and analytic process of description—through concepts, measures, or cases, whether in numeric or narrative form—is crucial for conducting research aimed at understanding politics in action. Yet, our field tends to devalue such work as “merely descriptive” (Gerring 2012), subsidiary to or less valuable than hypothesis-drive causal inference. This article posits four key areas in which description contributes to political science: in conceptualization, in policy relevance, in the management and leveraging of data, and in challenging entrenched biases and diversifying our field.
Secular trends in infant feeding practices during the first year of life in Norway: findings from 1998 to 2019 – the Spedkost surveys
- Anne Lene Kristiansen, Jannicke Borch Myhre, Mari Mohn Paulsen, Torunn Holm Totland, Britt Lande, Lene Frost Andersen
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 131 / Issue 5 / 14 March 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 October 2023, pp. 851-859
- Print publication:
- 14 March 2024
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The aims of the present study were to assess secular trends in breast-feeding and to explore associations between age at introduction of solid foods and breast-feeding duration. Data from three national dietary surveys in Norway were used, including infants born in 1998 (Spedkost 1, n 1537), 2006 (Spedkost 2, n 1490) and 2018 (Spedkost 3, n 1831). In all surveys, around 80 % of the infants were breastfed at 6 months of age. At 12 months of age, breast-feeding rate was 41 % in Spedkost 1, increasing to 48 % in Spedkost 2 and 51 % in Spedkost 3. Compared with earlier introduction, introduction of solid foods at ≥ 5 months of age was associated with a lower risk of breast-feeding cessation during the first year of life in the two most recent Spedkost surveys. In Spedkost 2, the adjusted hazard ratio for breast-feeding cessation during the first year of life for those introduced to solid foods at ≥ 5 months of age was 0·43 (95 % CI (0·31, 0·60)), P < 0·001, while the corresponding number in Spedkost 3 was 0·44 (95 % CI (0·29, 0·67)), P < 0·001. In conclusion, breast-feeding at infant age 12 months increased over time. Introduction of solid foods at ≥ 5 months of age was positively associated with breast-feeding duration in the two most recent Spedkost surveys. As breast-feeding contributes to numerous health benefits for infant and mother, and possibly improved dietary sustainability in infancy, findings point to the importance of continued protection, support and promotion of breast-feeding.
Discretionary foods and drinks in Norwegian children and adolescents’ diet: data from the national dietary survey Ungkost 3
- Mari Mohn Paulsen, Jannicke Borch Myhre, Torunn Holm Totland, Lene Frost Andersen
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 12 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2023, pp. 2629-2640
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Objective:
This study aimed to identify the amount of discretionary foods and drinks consumed by Norwegian children and adolescents, describe how such products contribute to the intake of total energy and nutrients, and study the distribution in intake of discretionary foods and drinks across different meals. Secondly, the aim was to explore factors associated with those children and adolescents having the highest consumption of discretionary foods and drinks.
Design:Secondary analysis of data from a national survey of dietary intake among Norwegian children and adolescents.
Setting:Schools in fifty randomly selected municipalities in Norway.
Participants:The study population included 636 pupils in 4th grade (9–11 years) and 687 pupils in 8th grade (12–14 years).
Results:Discretionary foods and drinks contributed to about 20 % of the children and adolescents’ total energy intake. These products contributed to about two-thirds of the participants’ intake of added sugar, and limited amounts of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals. The quartile which had the lowest proportion of their energy intake from discretionary foods and drinks seemed to have a higher intake of whole grains, and fish and seafood.
Conclusions:Almost all 4th and 8th graders in Norway consumed discretionary foods and drinks, and these products contributed to a substantial proportion of the total energy intake and limited amounts of nutrients. Those children and adolescents consuming the least discretionary foods and drinks had a higher intake of whole grains, fish and seafood, indicating healthier and more sustainable food habits.
Reduction in hippocampal GABAergic transmission in a low birth weight rat model of depression
- Zita Dósa, Jose Luis Nieto-Gonzalez, Betina Elfving, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Mai Marie Holm, Gregers Wegener, Kimmo Jensen
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- Journal:
- Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 35 / Issue 6 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 March 2023, pp. 315-327
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Prenatal stress is believed to increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression. Adverse genetic and environmental impacts during early development, such as glucocorticoid hyper-exposure, can lead to changes in the foetal brain, linked to mental illnesses developed in later life. Dysfunction in the GABAergic inhibitory system is associated with depressive disorders. However, the pathophysiology of GABAergic signalling is poorly understood in mood disorders. Here, we investigated GABAergic neurotransmission in the low birth weight (LBW) rat model of depression. Pregnant rats, exposed to dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, during the last week of gestation, yielded LBW offspring showing anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in adulthood. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells in brain slices were used to examine phasic and tonic GABAA receptor-mediated currents. The transcriptional levels of selected genes associated with synaptic vesicle proteins and GABAergic neurotransmission were investigated. The frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) was similar in control and LBW rats. Using a paired-pulse protocol to stimulate GABAergic fibres impinging onto granule cells, we found indications of decreased probability of GABA release in LBW rats. However, tonic GABAergic currents and miniature IPSCs, reflecting quantal vesicle release, appeared normal. Additionally, we found elevated expression levels of two presynaptic proteins, Snap-25 and Scamp2, components of the vesicle release machinery. The results suggest that altered GABA release may be an essential feature in the depressive-like phenotype of LBW rats.
Chapter 9 - Poetry Prescribed for Loneliness: Shared Reading for Men Near Retirement
- Edited by Anders Juhl Rasmussen, University of Southern Denmark, Anne-Marie Mai, University of Southern Denmark, Helle Ploug Hansen, University of Southern Denmark
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- Book:
- Narrative Medicine in Education, Practice, and Interventions
- Published by:
- Anthem Press
- Published online:
- 08 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 01 November 2022, pp 153-166
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Summary
In this chapter, we will be looking more closely at ways in which the under-lying principles of narrative medicine can be used in new contexts. Using concepts from narrative medicine and literary research alongside qualitative findings from the project Read, Man! we suggest that shared reading can be a gateway to reflection, literary appreciation, and social communities and as such may be able to relieve mental health problems such as depression and loneliness (Billington et al., 2010, 2013). In this way, our knowledge of narrative medicine can benefit groups other than patients and healthcare personnel. At the same time, we can learn more about how literature might be a health-promoting resource.
Art, culture, and health
The links between art, culture, and health make up a growing interdisciplinary area of research that has gained international traction over recent decades. In a review of the documentation of the significance of art and culture for health and well-being in 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) has singled out art and culture as important resources that can be integrated into various forms of health initiatives (Fancourt and Finn, 2019). Their review was based on a sur-vey of 900 publications, 200 of which were themselves reviews of 3,000 individ-ual studies. This makes it the most comprehensive pool of knowledge that has so far been made on the significance of art and culture in relation to health. It provides documentation for the ability of art and culture to support health services by, for example, promoting well-being and combating social inequality, reaching out to groups that are otherwise difficult to make contact with, and training health professionals in empathy and dialogue (ibid.).
Another smaller Danish review, surveying the literature on the value of art and culture in health initiatives, establishes that participating in artistic, cul-tural, or creative activities can promote mental health (Jensen, 2017). The effects emphasized in relation to such initiatives are increased quality of life, improved well-being and bodily understanding, as well as reduction of negative feelings and anxiety among participants. WHO also indicates the positive effects of these types of initiatives on a range of specific mental health targets and, in particular, underscores life satisfaction, a sense of meaningfulness, self-assessed health and cognitive abilities (Fancourt and Finn, 2019).
While WHO has emphasized the advantages of integrating art and culture in health initiatives from a general standpoint, several specific research projects on the topic are continuously emerging.
Effect of inulin-type fructans on appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled crossover trial
- Eline Birkeland, Sedegheh Gharagozlian, Kåre I. Birkeland, Oda K. S. Holm, Per M. Thorsby, Anne-Marie Aas
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- Journal:
- Journal of Nutritional Science / Volume 10 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 September 2021, e72
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prebiotic fibres on appetite-regulating hormones, subjective feeling of appetite and energy intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Data presented are secondary outcomes of a study investigating the effect of prebiotics on glucagon-like peptide-1 and glycaemic regulation. We conducted a randomised and placebo-controlled crossover trial to evaluate the effects of 16 g/d of inulin-type fructans or a control supplement (maltodextrin) for 6 weeks in randomised order, with a 4-week washout period in-between, on appetite in thirty-five men and women with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected at visits before and after each treatment: plasma concentration of the satiety-related peptides ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) were assessed during a standardised mixed meal. The subjective sensation of appetite was evaluated in response to an ad libitum lunch by rating the visual analogue scale. Twenty-nine individuals (twelve women) were included in the analyses. Compared to control treatment, the prebiotics did not affect ghrelin (P =0⋅71) or the ratings of hunger (P = 0⋅62), satiety (P = 0⋅56), fullness (P = 0⋅73) or prospective food consumption (P = 0⋅98). Energy intake also did not differ between the treatments. However, the response of PYY increased significantly after the control treatment with mean (sem) 11⋅1 (4⋅3) pg/ml when compared to the prebiotics −0⋅3 (4⋅3) pg/ml (P = 0⋅013). We observed no effect of inulin-type fructans on appetite hormones, subjective feeling of appetite or energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Facilitators and barriers to healthy food selection at children’s sports arenas in Norway: a qualitative study among club managers and parents
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Hilde Sørfonn Haugland, Ingrid Joa, Vibeke H Telle-Hansen, Gyrd Omholt Gjevestad, Mari CW Myhrstad
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 24 / Issue 6 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 October 2020, pp. 1552-1558
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Objective:
To investigate club managers’ and parents’ experiences with food selection at handball halls in order to identify facilitators and barriers to the availability of healthy food.
Design:Individual interviews with club managers (n 6) and focus groups (n 5) with parents (n 21) were conducted. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, transcripts were coded in NVivo and the analysis was guided by thematic analysis.
Setting:Interviews were conducted at five handball clubs with varying socio-economic user populations and sizes in the area of Oslo, Norway.
Participants:The club managers were responsible for food selection at the handball clubs. The participating parents had one or two active children between the ages of 6 and 12 years who took part in the clubs.
Results:The club managers and parents generally described food selection at the handball halls as unhealthy and wanted a healthier selection of food. The club managers’ primary barriers to providing a healthier food selection included the potential to lose profits, limited facilities and time to prepare these foods. The parents often valued unhealthy food, as they believed that it supported the social environment and served as a reward for the children. Trainers were perceived as important role models for the promotion of healthy eating. The participants thought that national guidelines could facilitate healthy food environments in sports arenas.
Conclusion:Healthier food options in sports settings could be facilitated through national guidelines that describe healthy foods and establish who is responsible for providing healthy food selections.
29 - Sexual Assault
- from Section 5 - Inequality and Social Justice
- Edited by Fanny M. Cheung, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Diane F. Halpern, Claremont McKenna College, California
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- The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women
- Published online:
- 20 July 2020
- Print publication:
- 06 August 2020, pp 417-433
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Summary
Sexual assault, including unwanted sexual contact, coercion, and rape, is a social phenomenon that has been approached in a variety of ways in different global contexts. Attempts to address risk and protective factors for perpetrators and victims are limited by the difficulty of collecting empirical data on experiences that can be traumatic, stigmatizing, complicated, and private. This chapter explores current and historic definitions of sexual assault as well as how these definitions influence estimates of sexual assault prevalence and subsequent psychological and public health responses. We describe best practices in sexual assault measurement, explore the need for culturally acceptable interventions that acknowledge intersections of identity, critique current victim response services, and finally provide recommendations for future directions in sexual assault prevention and response.
Simulation-based research in emergency medicine in Canada: Priorities and perspectives
- Timothy Chaplin, Brent Thoma, Andrew Petrosoniak, Kyla Caners, Tamara McColl, Chantal Forristal, Christa Dakin, Jean-Francois Deshaies, Eliane Raymond-Dufresne, Mary Fotheringham, David Ha, Nicole Holm, James Huffman, Ann-Marie Lonergan, George Mastoras, Michael O'Brien, Marie-Rose Paradis, Nicholas Sowers, Errol Stern, Andrew K. Hall
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 22 / Issue 1 / January 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 September 2019, pp. 103-111
- Print publication:
- January 2020
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Objective
Simulation plays an integral role in the Canadian healthcare system with applications in quality improvement, systems development, and medical education. High-quality, simulation-based research will ensure its effective use. This study sought to summarize simulation-based research activity and its facilitators and barriers, as well as establish priorities for simulation-based research in Canadian emergency medicine (EM).
MethodsSimulation-leads from Canadian departments or divisions of EM associated with a general FRCP-EM training program surveyed and documented active EM simulation-based research at their institutions and identified the perceived facilitators and barriers. Priorities for simulation-based research were generated by simulation-leads via a second survey; these were grouped into themes and finally endorsed by consensus during an in-person meeting of simulation leads. Priority themes were also reviewed by senior simulation educators.
ResultsTwenty simulation-leads representing all 14 invited institutions participated in the study between February and May, 2018. Sixty-two active, simulation-based research projects were identified (median per institution = 4.5, IQR 4), as well as six common facilitators and five barriers. Forty-nine priorities for simulation-based research were reported and summarized into eight themes: simulation in competency-based medical education, simulation for inter-professional learning, simulation for summative assessment, simulation for continuing professional development, national curricular development, best practices in simulation-based education, simulation-based education outcomes, and simulation as an investigative methodology.
ConclusionThis study summarized simulation-based research activity in EM in Canada, identified its perceived facilitators and barriers, and built national consensus on priority research themes. This represents the first step in the development of a simulation-based research agenda specific to Canadian EM.
PP49 Assessing Values In National And Regional Governance Of E-health
- Anne Ekeland, Line Linstad, Inger Marie Holm
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 34 / Issue S1 / 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 January 2019, p. 85
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Introduction:
Globally, countries are investing substantially in e-health. Failures of programs to achieve valuable economic, clinical and societal outcome are increasingly reported. Unsuitable governance models may be one explanation. Research on governance models’ usefulness for realization of valuable outcomes is incomplete and scattered. Our goal is to fill this gap by producing knowledge on e-governance in Norway. Our hypotheses are: i) Co-governance and Relational Coordination will positively impact the realization of valuable outcome; and, ii) Multilateral stakeholder dialogue and collaboration, including health service delivery perspective, have been proposed to innovate health technology assessment (HTA). This will improve the relevance of HTA e-governance research.
Methods:We undertook the following: i) Systematic Review of e-governance in healthcare ii) Participatory observations, in depth interviews/focus groups iii) Document retrieval and analyses iv) Creation and support of arenas for dialogue between stakeholders on values and governance v) Analyses of co-produced value adjustments vi) Analyses of the usefulness of the Scientific Dialogue Approach for changing HTA paradigms. The study populations were: i) Governmental bodies responsible for innovation of the electronic health record (EHR) in Norway; ii) Regional and municipal authorities and management responsible for implementation of her; and, iii) The leaders of different levels at a municipal “Health House” established as a hybrid between primary and specialist health services
Results:The project runs between January 2018–2022. Expected findings are: i) Diverging and common values; ii) Diverging governance models; iii) Diverging attitudes towards “best governance practices”; iv) Diverging levels of trust; v) Different world views, belief-systems and individual values; vi) Attitudes towards consensus building or conflict; and, vii) Experiences to feed into the discussion of stakeholder dialogue as an HTA approach.
Conclusions:We expect: i) To present results from the systematic review and preliminary findings from the first phases of participatory observations; ii) That results from the overall project will have high impact on the Norwegian governance models of e-health; and, iii) Publications in high impact scientific journals.
Reconstruction of a Caregiver Burden Scale: Identifying Culturally Sensitive Items in Saudi Arabia
- Eradah O. Hamad, Ahmad N. AlHadi, Paul F. Tremblay, Marie Y. Savundranayagam, Elizabeth Anne Kinsella, Jeffrey D. Holmes, Christopher J. Lee, Andrew M. Johnson
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement / Volume 37 / Issue 2 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 April 2018, pp. 218-233
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For this study, we adapted the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, used widely in the United States, to the Saudi Arabian context. To produce an Arabic, culturally sensitive version of the scale, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 Saudi family caregivers. The Arabic version of the scale was tested, and participants were asked to comment on the appropriateness of items for the construct of “caregiver burden” using the repertory grid technique and laddering procedure – two constructivist methods derived from personal construct theory. From interview findings, we examined the content of the items and the caregiver burden construct itself. Our findings suggest that the use of constructivist methods to refine constructs and quantitative instruments is highly informative. This strategy is feasible even when little is known about the investigated constructs in the target culture and further elucidates our understanding of cross-cultural variations or invariance of different versions of the scale.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international feeding trial
- Eveliina Lehtonen, Anne Ormisson, Anita Nucci, David Cuthbertson, Susa Sorkio, Mila Hyytinen, Kirsi Alahuhta, Carol Berseth, Marja Salonen, Shayne Taback, Margaret Franciscus, Teba González-Frutos, Tuuli E Korhonen, Margaret L Lawson, Dorothy J Becker, Jeffrey P Krischer, Mikael Knip, Suvi M Virtanen, , Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Elias Arjas, Åke Lernmark, Barbara Schmidt, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Hans K. Åkerblom, Mila Hyytinen, Mikael Knip, Katriina Koski, Matti Koski, Eeva Pajakkala, Marja Salonen, David Cuthbertson, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Linda Shanker, Brenda Bradley, Hans-Michael Dosch, John Dupré, William Fraser, Margaret Lawson, Jeffrey L. Mahon, Mathew Sermer, Shayne P. Taback, Dorothy Becker, Margaret Franciscus, Anita Nucci, Jerry Palmer, Minna Pekkala, Suvi M. Virtanen, Jacki Catteau, Neville Howard, Patricia Crock, Maria Craig, Cheril L. Clarson, Lynda Bere, David Thompson, Daniel Metzger, Colleen Marshall, Jennifer Kwan, David K. Stephure, Daniele Pacaud, Wendy Schwarz, Rose Girgis, Marilyn Thompson, Shayne P. Taback, Daniel Catte, Margaret L. Lawson, Brenda Bradley, Denis Daneman, Mathew Sermer, Mary-Jean Martin, Valérie Morin, Lyne Frenette, Suzanne Ferland, Susan Sanderson, Kathy Heath, Céline Huot, Monique Gonthier, Maryse Thibeault, Laurent Legault, Diane Laforte, Elizabeth A. Cummings, Karen Scott, Tracey Bridger, Cheryl Crummell, Robyn Houlden, Adriana Breen, George Carson, Sheila Kelly, Koravangattu Sankaran, Marie Penner, Richard A. White, Nancy King, James Popkin, Laurie Robson, Eva Al Taji, Irena Aldhoon, Pavla Mendlova, Jan Vavrinec, Jan Vosahlo, Ludmila Brazdova, Jitrenka Venhacova, Petra Venhacova, Adam Cipra, Zdenka Tomsikova, Petra Krckova, Pavla Gogelova, Ülle Einberg, Mall-Anne Riikjärv, Anne Ormisson, Vallo Tillmann, Päivi Kleemola, Anna Parkkola, Heli Suomalainen, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Anu-Maaria Hämälainen, Hannu Haavisto, Sirpa Tenhola, Pentti Lautala, Pia Salonen, Susanna Aspholm, Heli Siljander, Carita Holm, Samuli Ylitalo, Raisa Lounamaa, Anja Nuuja, Timo Talvitie, Kaija Lindström, Hanna Huopio, Jouni Pesola, Riitta Veijola, Päivi Tapanainen, Abram Alar, Paavo Korpela, Marja-Liisa Käär, Taina Mustila, Ritva Virransalo, Päivi Nykänen, Bärbel Aschemeier, Thomas Danne, Olga Kordonouri, Dóra Krikovszky, László Madácsy, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Ernesto Maddaloni, Paolo Pozzilli, Carla Mannu, Marco Songini, Carine de Beaufort, Ulrike Schierloh, Jan Bruining, Margriet Bisschoff, Aleksander Basiak, Renata Wasikowa, Marta Ciechanowska, Grazyna Deja, Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot, Agnieszka Szadkowska, Katarzyna Cypryk, Malgorzata Zawodniak-Szalapska, Luis Castano, Teba Gonzalez Frutos, Mirentxu Oyarzabal, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Federico Gustavo Hawkins, Dolores Rodriguez Arnau, Johnny Ludvigsson, Malgorzata Smolinska Konefal, Ragnar Hanas, Bengt Lindblad, Nils-Osten Nilsson, Hans Fors, Maria Nordwall, Agne Lindh, Hans Edenwall, Jan Aman, Calle Johansson, Margrit Gadient, Eugen Schoenle, Dorothy Becker, Ashi Daftary, Margaret Franciscus, Carol Gilmour, Jerry Palmer, Rachel Taculad, Marilyn Tanner-Blasiar, Neil White, Uday Devaskar, Heather Horowitz, Lisa Rogers, Roxana Colon, Teresa Frazer, Jose Torres, Robin Goland, Ellen Greenberg, Maudene Nelson, Holly Schachner, Barney Softness, Jorma Ilonen, Massimo Trucco, Lynn Nichol, Erkki Savilahti, Taina Härkönen, Mikael Knip, Outi Vaarala, Kristiina Luopajärvi, Hans-Michael Dosch
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 17 / Issue 4 / April 2014
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- 24 June 2013, pp. 810-822
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Objective
To examine the use of vitamin D supplements during infancy among the participants in an international infant feeding trial.
DesignLongitudinal study.
SettingInformation about vitamin D supplementation was collected through a validated FFQ at the age of 2 weeks and monthly between the ages of 1 month and 6 months.
SubjectsInfants (n 2159) with a biological family member affected by type 1 diabetes and with increased human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from twelve European countries, the USA, Canada and Australia.
ResultsDaily use of vitamin D supplements was common during the first 6 months of life in Northern and Central Europe (>80 % of the infants), with somewhat lower rates observed in Southern Europe (>60 %). In Canada, vitamin D supplementation was more common among exclusively breast-fed than other infants (e.g. 71 % v. 44 % at 6 months of age). Less than 2 % of infants in the USA and Australia received any vitamin D supplementation. Higher gestational age, older maternal age and longer maternal education were study-wide associated with greater use of vitamin D supplements.
ConclusionsMost of the infants received vitamin D supplements during the first 6 months of life in the European countries, whereas in Canada only half and in the USA and Australia very few were given supplementation.
Contributors
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- By Federico Agliardi, Andrea Alpiger, Gianluca Bianchi Fasani, Lars Harald Blikra, Brian D. Bornhold, Edward N. Bromhead, Marko H.K. Bulmer, D. Calvin Campbell, Marie Charrière, Masahiro Chigira, John J. Clague, John Coggan, Giovanni B. Crosta, Tim Davies, Marc-Henri Derron, Mark Diederichs, Erik Eberhardt, Carlo Esposito, Robin Fell, Paolo Frattini, Corey R. Froese, Monica Ghirotti, Valentin Gischig, James S. Griffiths, Stephen R. Hencher, Reginald L. Hermanns, Kris Holm, Seyyedmahdi Hosseyni, Niels Hovius, Christian Huggel, Florian Humair, Oldrich Hungr, D. Jean Hutchinson, Michel Jaboyedoff, Matthias Jakob, Julien Jakubowski, Randall W. Jibson, Katherine S. Kalenchuk, Nikolay Khabarov, Oliver Korup, Luca Lenti, Serge Leroueil, Simon Loew, Oddvar Longva, Patrick MacGregor, Andrew W. Malone, Salvatore Martino, Scott McDougall, Mika McKinnon, Mauri McSaveney, Patrick Meunier, Dennis Moore, Jeffrey R. Moore, David C. Mosher, Michael Obersteiner, Lucio Olivares, Thierry Oppikofer, Luca Pagano, Massimo Pecci, Andrea Pedrazzini, David Petley, Luciano Picarelli, David J.W. Piper, John Psutka, Nicholas J. Roberts, Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza, David Stapledon, Douglas Stead, Richard E. Thomson, Paolo Tommasi, J. Kenneth Torrance, Nobuyuki Torii, Gianfranco Urciuoli, Gonghui Wang, Christopher F. Waythomas, Malcolm Whitworth, Heike Willenberg, Xiyong Wu
- Edited by John J. Clague, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Douglas Stead, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
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- Landslides
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- 05 May 2013
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- 23 August 2012, pp vii-x
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Contributors
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- By Giustino Albanese, Andrew Amaranto, Brandon H. Backlund, Alexander Baxter, Abraham Berger, Mark Bernstein, Marian E. Betz, Omar Bholat, Suzanne Bigelow, Carl Bonnett, Elizabeth Borock, Christopher B. Colwell, Alasdair Conn, Moira Davenport, David Dreitlein, Aaron Eberhardt, Ugo A. Ezenkwele, Diana Felton, Spiros G. Frangos, John E. Frank, Jonathan S. Gates, Lewis Goldfrank, Pinchas Halpern, Jean Hammel, Kristin E. Harkin, Jason S. Haukoos, E. Parker Hays, Aaron Hexdall, James F. Holmes, Debra Houry, Jennifer Isenhour, Andy Jagoda, John L. Kendall, Erica Kreisman, Nancy Kwon, Eric Legome, Matthew R. Levine, Phillip D. Levy, Charles Little, Marion Machado, Heather Mahoney, Vincent J. Markovchick, Nancy Martin, John Marx, Julie Mayglothling, Ron Medzon, Maurizio A. Miglietta, Elizabeth L. Mitchell, Ernest Moore, Maria E. Moreira, Sassan Naderi, Salvatore Pardo, Sajan Patel, David Peak, Christine Preblick, Niels K. Rathlev, Charles Ray, Phillip L. Rice, Carlo L. Rosen, Peter Rosen, Livia Santiago-Rosado, Tamara A. Scerpella, David Schwartz, Fred Severyn, Kaushal Shah, Lee W. Shockley, Mari Siegel, Matthew Simons, Michael Stern, D. Matthew Sullivan, Carrie D. Tibbles, Knox H. Todd, Shawn Ulrich, Neil Waldman, Kurt Whitaker, Stephen J. Wolf, Daniel Zlogar
- Edited by Eric Legome, Lee W. Shockley
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- Trauma
- Published online:
- 07 September 2011
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- 16 June 2011, pp ix-xiv
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Lens opacity: a new gene for congenital cataract on chromosome 10 of the mouse
- Mary F. Lyon, Susan E. Jarvis, Irene Sayers, Roger S. Holmes
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- Genetical Research / Volume 38 / Issue 3 / December 1981
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- 14 April 2009, pp. 337-341
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Mouse mutant genes which result in defects similar to those of medical importance in man may be of value as models for the study of the defect concerned. We report here a new gene causing congenital cataract in the mouse, which may be useful in the understanding of cataract in man.
A further point of interest is that Kratochvilova & Ehling (1979) have recently developed a new method of measuring increased mutation rates in the mouse, by examining offspring of animals treated with mutagens for the presence of cataracts due to mutant genes. For the purposes of this test it is valuable to have information on the number and map position of loci which can mutate to give cataracts.
Relationship between psychiatric disease and neuropsychological impairment in HIV seropositive individuals
- Barbara C. Bix, Guila Glosser, William Holmes, Christopher Ballas, Mary Meritz, Carol Hutelmyer, John Turner
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- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 1 / Issue 6 / November 1995
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- 26 February 2009, pp. 581-588
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Neuropsychological impairment and DSM-III-R Axis I psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated in a heterogenous group of HIV seropositive individuals and seronegative individuals with similar risk factors for HIV infection. Neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV seropositive group, but there were no relationships between these two aspects of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in seropositive patients. Results indicate that psychiatric disorders in HIV seropositive individuals tend to predate infection and decrease over time following knowledge of seroconversion, suggesting that they are primarily a function of psychosocial factors. Neuropsychological disorders are specific to HIV seropositive patients and tend to increase over time following seroconversion, suggesting that they are due to neurological effects of HIV-infection. (JINS, 1995, 1, 581–588.)
Part IV - Reading Skills in the Long Term
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- By Kurt W. Fischer, Charles Warland Bigelow Professor of Education and Human Development and Director of the Mind, Brain, and Education Program Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Jane Holmes Bernstein, Developmental Neuropsychologist Children's Hospital Boston, Mary Helen Immordino-Yang, Studies the Neuroscience The Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California
- Edited by Kurt W. Fischer, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Jane Holmes Bernstein, The Children's Hospital, Boston, Mary Helen Immordino-Yang, University of Southern California
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- Mind, Brain, and Education in Reading Disorders
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- 22 September 2009
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- 17 May 2007, pp 253-254
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