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208 - Person-centred infection prevention and control during a pandemic: The Dementia Isolation Toolkit
- Andrea Iaboni, Hannah Quirt, Steven Stewart, Alisa Grigorovich, Claudia Barned, Kevin Rodrigues, Pia Kontos, Charlene Chu, Arlene Astell, Katia Engell, Colleen Maxwell, Julia Kirkham, Kathleen Bingham, Alastair Flint
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / October 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 2021, p. 11
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Objectives:
People working in long-term care homes (LTCH) face ethical dilemmas about how to minimize the risk of spread of COVID-19, while also minimizing psychological hardship and other harms of infection control measures on residents. The Dementia Isolation Toolkit (www.dementiaisolationtoolkit.com; DIT) was developed to address the gap in ethical guidance for LTCH on how to safely and effectively isolate people with dementia while supporting the personhood and well-being of residents. In this presentation, we will present the DIT and report on the results of a survey of LTCH staff in Ontario, Canada on their experiences isolating residents in LTCH and the use of the DIT in supporting person-centred isolation care.
Methods:A link to an online survey was distributed to LTCH staff through provincial organizations and agencies as well as through social media and the DIT website. Inclusion criteria were LTCH staff working on-site at a LTCH since March 1, 2020, who had direct or indirect experience with the isolation/quarantine of LTCH residents. Results were summarized descriptively.
Results:A broad sample of LTCH staff (n=207) participated in the survey, most of whom had experienced an outbreak in their LTCH. Dementia (96%) was the most important barrier to implementation of infection control measures in LTCH, followed by staff distress about the effects of isolation on residents (61%). Important facilitators for isolation included delivery of 1:1 activities in the resident’s room (81%) and designating essential caregivers to provide support (67%), while inadequate staffing levels were reported as a barrier (55%). 65% of respondents indicated some familiarity with the DIT, and of those who had used the toolkit, 62% found it helpful in supporting isolation care, particularly in developing care plans and making and communicating decisions. Of those who had used the DIT, 48% found it fairly or very helpful at reducing their level of distress.
Conclusions:Isolation as an infection control and prevention (ICP) measure in LTCH environments can be harmful to residents and create moral distress in staff. ICP guidance and support of LTCH needs to address how to minimize these harms by providing dementia-specific guidance such as in the DIT.
Public Service Announcements and Promoting Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Steven Greene, Marc Hetherington, Rahsaan Maxwell, Timothy J. Ryan
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- Journal:
- PS: Political Science & Politics / Volume 55 / Issue 1 / January 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 September 2021, pp. 7-12
- Print publication:
- January 2022
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Wearing face masks to combat the spread of COVID-19 became a politicized and contested practice in the United States, largely due to misinformation and partisan cues from masking opponents. This article examines whether Public Service Announcements (PSAs) can encourage the use of face masks. We designed two PSAs: one describes the benefits of using face masks; the other uses a novel messenger (i.e., a retired US general) to advocate for them. We conducted two studies. First, we aired our PSAs on television and surveyed residents of the media market to determine if they saw the PSA and how they felt about wearing face masks. Second, we conducted a randomized experiment on a diverse national sample. Both studies suggest that exposure to our PSAs increased support for face masks and induced greater compliance with public health advice. These findings have implications for how governments might fight pandemics.
Janelle Monáe's Dirty Computer Music Video/Film: A Collective Reading
- CAROL VERNALLIS, GABRIEL ZANE ELLIS, JONATHAN JAMES LEAL, GABRIELLE LOCHARD, DANIEL OORE, STEVEN SHAVIRO, MAEVE STERBENZ, MAXWELL JOSEPH SUECHTING
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Society for American Music / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 June 2019, pp. 250-271
- Print publication:
- May 2019
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Democracy without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori's Peru
- Steven Levitsky, Maxwell A. Cameron
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- Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 45 / Issue 3 / Fall 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 1-33
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Political parties are critical to Latin American democracy. This was demonstrated in Peru, where an atomized, candidate-centered party system developed after Alberto Fujimori's 1992 presidential self-coup. Party system decomposition weakened the democratic opposition against an increasingly authoritarian regime. Since the regime collapsed in 2000, prospects for party rebuilding have been mixed. Structural changes, such as the growth of the informal sector and the spread of mass media technologies, have weakened politicians' incentive to build parties. Although these changes did not cause the collapse of the party system, they may inhibit its reconstruction.
General Practitioners’ views and experiences on the barriers and facilitators that men who have sex with men have when accessing primary care for HIV testing and sexual health screening
- Steven Maxwell
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- Journal:
- Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 19 / Issue 2 / March 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2017, pp. 205-209
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Aim
This study’s objectives were to collate General Practitioners’ (GPs) views and experiences on the barriers and facilitators for providing HIV and sexual health screening in primary care to men who have sex with men.
BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately effected by sexually transmitted infections and HIV. Some MSM may not attend for testing and primary care may come in contact with this group. There may be varying barriers for MSM accessing services. Primary care can provide an opportunity to offer testing but with limited GPs views on this topic, it is important to understand the potential barriers and facilitators.
MethodA structured online survey was used to gather data and the survey link was emailed to all General Practices in the City of Edinburgh. The total available sample of GPs was 485. The survey used a combination of multiple choice questions and Likert scales rating from 1 to 5. Friedman’s two-way analysis of variation rank was used for data analysis.
FindingsIn total, 62 GPs from the City of Edinburgh completed the survey with the majority of the sample having over 10 years’ experience in primary care. The most significant barrier was patient preference to access specialist services. The highest rated method to promote HIV and sexual health screening was the use of external promotion.
Population Modeling Approach for Evaluating Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Development and Control
- Bruce D. Maxwell, Mark V. Wilson, Steven R. Radosevich
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / April 1988
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 132-138
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Weed population models can serve as a framework to organize weed biology information and to develop weed control strategies. Models help to identify information gaps, to set research priorities, to develop hypotheses pertinent to weed population regulation, and to suggest control strategies. A population simulation model of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. # EPHES) was used to demonstrate the applicability of population models to weed science. Sensitivity analysis of an existing leafy spurge model indicated that transition from basal buds to vegetative shoots, survival of vegetative shoots, and survival of basal buds over winter were important transition parameters influencing population growth of this weed species. Possible mechanisms (intraspecific competition and environmental factors) that influence the transition from basal buds to vegetative shoots were shown. Intraspecific density effects on basal bud transition and production were included to show model refinement and second-generation model development. Four control strategies were simulated and were compared to field studies to show the predictive and management potential of the modeling approach. Simulations of population response to foliage feeding herbivores was highly correlated (r = 0.98) with field data for sheep grazing on leafy spurge. Simulation of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) applied to leafy spurge also was correlated (r = 0.97) with field results.
Predicting the Evolution and Dynamics of Herbicide Resistance in Weed Populations
- Bruce D. Maxwell, Mary Lynn Roush, Steven R. Radosevich
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 4 / Issue 1 / March 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 2-13
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Herbicide resistance jeopardizes the usefulness of valuable chemical tools and, therefore, weed management in many crop systems. Models must be developed to evaluate management tactics that prevent, delay, or reduce resistance. The complexity of biological processes involved in herbicide resistance also requires models to focus research and to integrate experiments. A population model was developed that improves upon previous attempts to predict herbicide resistance dynamics. The model incorporates plant population demographics with the Hardy-Weinberg concept for gene segregation. The model simulates the evolution, spread, and subsequent dynamics of resistance in the presence and absence of a herbicide. Analysis of model simulations identified two sets of biological processes as key factors in the evolution and dynamics of herbicide-resistant weed populations. These are processes that influence ecological fitness and gene flow. Several options are suggested as examples for the management of resistant weed populations.
A Comparison of Methods for Measuring Effects of Density and Proportion in Plant Competition Experiments
- Mary Lynn Roush, Steven R. Radosevich, Robert G. Wagner, Bruce D. Maxwell, Terry D. Petersen
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 37 / Issue 2 / March 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 268-275
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Three approaches to data analysis were compared to describe competitive interactions between wheat and Italian ryegrass. Replacement series were performed using the two species at total densities of 100, 200, and 400 plants/ m2, and separate monoculture experiments for each species at densities from 33 to 800 plants/m2. Approaches to data analysis included: 1) conventional analysis of replacement series experiments, 2) development of synthetic no-interaction responses from monoculture experiments for comparison with results from mixtures, and 3) responses of the reciprocal yield of individual plants to variation in densities of the two species. Wheat was the superior competitor to ryegrass; however, the three approaches varied in ability to quantify this competitive relationship. The conventional replacement series analysis was least sensitive in describing the influences of either density or proportion on the plant association. The synthetic no-interaction approach provided the most detailed analysis of the influence of proportion on the species interaction. The reciprocal yield approach provided the simplest and most sensitive analysis of the joint influences of density and proportion. The latter approach also provided the most quantitative analysis of the influence of density on the species interaction. Plant density and species proportion are important variables for interpreting the process of plant competition.
Site-to-site and year-to-year variation in Triticum aestivum–Aegilops cylindrica interference relationships
- Marie Jasieniuk, Bruce D. Maxwell, Randy L. Anderson, John O. Evans, Drew J. Lyon, Stephen D. Miller, Don W. Morishita, Alex G. Ogg, Jr., Steven Seefeldt, Phillip W. Stahlman, Francis E. Northam, Philip Westra, Zewdu Kebede, Gail A. Wicks
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- Weed Science / Volume 47 / Issue 5 / October 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 529-537
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Crop yield loss–weed density relationships critically influence calculation of economic thresholds and the resulting management recommendations made by a bioeconomic model. To examine site-to-site and year-to-year variation in winter Triticum aestivum L. (winter wheat)–Aegilops cylindrica Host. (jointed goatgrass) interference relationships, the rectangular hyperbolic yield loss function was fit to data sets from multiyear field experiments conducted at Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The model was fit to three measures of A. cylindrica density: fall seedling, spring seedling, and reproductive tiller densities. Two parameters: i, the slope of the yield loss curve as A. cylindrica density approaches zero, and a, the maximum percentage yield loss as A. cylindrica density becomes very large, were estimated for each data set using nonlinear regression. Fit of the model to the data was better using spring seedling densities than fall seedling densities, but it was similar for spring seedling and reproductive tiller densities based on the residual mean square (RMS) values. Yield loss functions were less variable among years within a site than among sites for all measures of weed density. For the one site where year-to-year variation was observed (Archer, WY), parameter a varied significantly among years, but parameter i did not. Yield loss functions differed significantly among sites for 7 of 10 comparisons. Site-to-site statistical differences were generally due to variation in estimates of parameter i. Site-to-site and year-to-year variation in winter T. aestivum–A. cylindrica yield loss parameter estimates indicated that management recommendations made by a bioeconomic model cannot be based on a single yield loss function with the same parameter values for the winter T. aestivum-producing region. The predictive ability of a bioeconomic model is likely to be improved when yield loss functions incorporating time of emergence and crop density are built into the model's structure.
Future Outlook for Herbicide-Resistance Research
- Mary Lynn Roush, Steven R. Radosevich, Bruce D. Maxwell
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 4 / Issue 1 / March 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 208-214
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Management of herbicide resistance will require interdisciplinary research to understand the mechanisms and dynamics of resistance. We believe that models are valuable tools. Models propose hypotheses about biological processes that influence the evolution of resistance and management tools that may reduce resistance in weed populations. Hypotheses help to direct research. For example, our model proposes that fitness and gene flow dramatically influence the evolution of and recovery from resistance in weed populations. Therefore, our research agenda should include ecological investigations of the life-history traits involved in fitness and gene flow. The model suggests thresholds of susceptible weed abundance to reduce selection pressure and to delay resistance. These thresholds will be related closely to economic weed thresholds. While the resistance issue emphasizes the need for basic biological and ecological research, resistance is only a part of the broader research agenda, which calls for holistic and interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing crop systems.
Evaluation of models predicting winter wheat yield as a function of winter wheat and jointed goatgrass densities
- Marie Jasieniuk, Bruce D. Maxwell, Randy L. Anderson, John O. Evans, Drew J. Lyon, Stephen D. Miller, Don W. Morishita, Alex G. Ogg, Jr., Steven S. Seefeldt, Phillip W. Stahlman, Francis E. Northam, Philip Westra, Zewdu Kebede, Gail A. Wicks
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 49 / Issue 1 / February 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 48-60
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Three models that empirically predict crop yield from crop and weed density were evaluated for their fit to 30 data sets from multistate, multiyear winter wheat–jointed goatgrass interference experiments. The purpose of the evaluation was to identify which model would generally perform best for the prediction of yield (damage function) in a bioeconomic model and which model would best fulfill criteria for hypothesis testing with limited amounts of data. Seven criteria were used to assess the fit of the models to the data. Overall, Model 2 provided the best statistical description of the data. Model 2 regressions were most often statistically significant, as indicated by approximate F tests, explained the largest proportion of total variation about the mean, gave the smallest residual sum of squares, and returned residuals with random distribution more often than Models 1 and 3. Model 2 performed less well based on the remaining criteria. Model 3 outperformed Models 1 and 2 in the number of parameters estimated that were statistically significant. Model 1 outperformed Models 2 and 3 in the proportion of regressions that converged on a solution and more readily exhibited an asymptotic relationship between winter wheat yield and both winter wheat and jointed goatgrass density under the constraint of limited data. In contrast, Model 2 exhibited a relatively linear relationship between yield and crop density and little effect of increasing jointed goatgrass density on yield, thus overpredicting yield at high weed densities when data were scarce. Model 2 had statistical properties that made it superior for hypothesis testing; however, Model 1's properties were determined superior for the damage function in the winter wheat–jointed goatgrass bioeconomic model because it was less likely to cause bias in yield predictions based on data sets of minimum size.
Contributors
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- By Christopher Ames, Cathy W. Barks, Ronald Berman, Anthony J. Berret, Robert Beuka, William Blazek, Elisabeth Bouzonviller, Jackson R. Bryer, Deborah Clarke, Gretchen Comba, Kirk Curnutt, Linda De Roche, Suzanne Del Gizzo, Kathleen Drowne, Richard Fine, Edward Gillin, Michael K. Glenday, Richard Godden, Steven Goldleaf, Peter L. Hays, Pearl James, Joel Kabot, Heidi M. Kunz, Jarom Lyle McDonald, Philip McGowan, Bonnie Shannon McMullen, Bryant Mangum, Lauren Rule Maxwell, James H. Meredith, Linda Patterson Miller, James Nagel, Michael Nowlin, Ruth Prigozy, Laura Rattray, Walter Raubicheck, Deborah Davis Schlacks, Gail D. Sinclair, Robert Sklar, Linda Wagner-Martin, James L. W. West, Doni M. Wilson
- Edited by Bryant Mangum, Virginia Commonwealth University
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- F. Scott Fitzgerald in Context
- Published online:
- 05 February 2013
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- 18 March 2013, pp xi-xx
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Baseline Burnout Symptoms Predict Visuospatial Executive Function During Survival School Training in Special Operations Military Personnel
- Charles A. Morgan III, Bartlett Russell, Jeff McNeil, Jeff Maxwell, Peter J. Snyder, Steven M. Southwick, Robert H. Pietrzak
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- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 17 / Issue 3 / May 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 April 2011, pp. 494-501
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Burnout symptoms, which are characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and a reduced sense of professional efficacy, may deleteriously affect cognitive function in military personnel. A total of 32 U.S. Military Special Operations personnel enrolled in Survival School completed measures of trauma history, dissociation, and burnout before training. They then completed the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT), a neuropsychological measure of integrative visuospatial executive function during three field-based phases of Survival School—enemy evasion, captivity/interrogation, and escape/release from captivity. Lower pre-training perceptions of professional efficacy were associated with reduced executive function during all of the field-based phases of Survival School, even after adjustment for years of education, cynicism, and baseline GMLT scores. Magnitudes of decrements in executive function in Marines with low efficacy relative to those with high efficacy increased as training progressed and ranged from .58 during enemy evasion to .99 during escape/release from captivity. Pre-training perceptions of burnout may predict visuospatial executive function during naturalistic training-related stress in military personnel. Assessment of burnout symptoms, particularly perceptions of professional efficacy, may help identify military personnel at risk for stress-related executive dysfunction. (JINS, 2011, 17, 494–501)
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Levels of analysis in psychiatric research
- KATHY L. KOPNISKY, W. MAXWELL COWAN, STEVEN E. HYMAN
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / September 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 August 2002, pp. 437-461
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Most of the major psychiatric disorders have been analyzed at each of several different levels. For example, at the broadest level, epidemiological studies have served to establish the incidence of disorders like schizophrenia and major depression in a number of different populations. Family and twin studies have been important in determining the heritability of certain mental illnesses, and chromosomal and linkage analyses have identified a number of discrete loci that appear to be implicated in disease susceptibility or, even directly, in the pathogenesis of some disorders. In a few cases, specific genes have been found to be mutated or polymorphic and proteins they encode are currently being analyzed. This article reviews how these different levels contribute to our understanding of a number of psychiatric disorders, including drug addiction, which has been the focus of much of our own work.
Synthesis of New Thermoelectric Materials Using Modulated Elementary Reactants
- Heike Sellinschegg, Joshua R. Williams, Steven P. Maxwell, Douglas Sillars, David C. Johnson
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 545 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 53
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- 1998
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Modulated elemental reactants have been used to synthesize metastable ternary compounds with the skutterudite crystal structure. The initial reactants are made up of multiple repeats of a unit containing elemental layers of a ternary metal, iron or cobalt (or a combination of these two) and antimony. The elemental layers interdiffuse upon low temperature annealing and form amorphous reaction intermediates. In this paper we target the compounds PbxFe4−yCoySb12. On annealing at temperatures between 12° and 150° C (depending on the composition) crystallization of the skutterudite structure occurs. The compounds are only kinetically stable, decomposing into a mixture of binary compounds upon annealing past a temperature of about 600°C. Preliminary data for the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity was collected The thermoelectric properties of the lead cobalt antimony skutterudite - films were measured as a function of lead occupancy.
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