In this chapter a brief synopsis is provided of the terminology of learning disability (LD), intellectual (ID) and developmental disability (DD). Determinants of physical and mental well-being and associated comorbidities for people living with IDD are explained. Students are enabled to recognise, facilitate and optimise an individual’s rights, identity, autonomy, and self-determination in any community or mental health setting.Deinstitutionalisation was informed by philosophical approaches including normalisation (Wolfensberger, 1972; Nirje, 1969), social role valorisation (Wolfensberger, 1983) and the social model of disability (Oliver, 2013; Race et al., 2005). These approaches inform mental health assessment and responsiveness through reasonable adjustments or accommodations (Heslop et al., 2019). Within Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia, these philosophies are exemplified through the principles embedded within EGL (Enabling Good Lives) and the NDIS (National Disability Insurance Scheme) respectively and are linked to responsibilities under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006) when working with those in mental distress.
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