2017

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Aliens are more like us than we think

Hollywood films and Science-Fiction literature fuel the fantasy that aliens are other-worldly, monster-like beings, who are very different to humans. But, new research suggests that we have more in common with our extra-terrestrial neighbours, than initially thought. In a new study published in the International Journal of Astrobiology scientists from the University of Oxford show for the first time how evolutionary theory can be used to support alien predictions and better understand their behaviour.

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Cambridge Open – Celebrating International Open Access Week 2017

Cambridge University Press is proud to support International Open Access Week, running from 23rd to 29th October 2017. As a leading University Press we are actively engaged with Open Access, and our Open Access publishing platform, Cambridge Open, serves authors and the wider community by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed OA content. Follow our Facebook and Twitter pages this week to read blog posts from our Open Access team, read our most-read Open Access articles, and learn more about Cambridge Open.

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Holocaust Scholarship and Politics in the Public Sphere: Reexamining the Causes, Consequences, and Controversy of the Historikerstreit and the Goldhagen Debate

Last year marked the anniversary of two of the most important scholarly debates about modern German history and the Holocaust: the so-called Historikerstreit (“historians’ quarrel”) that erupted thirty years ago in West Germany, as well as the lively debate sparked exactly a decade later by the publication in 1996 of Daniel J.…

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Land Managers Have a New Reason to Remove Invasive Plants

Scientists have discovered an important new reason to focus on removal of invasive plant species. A recent study featured in the journal Invasive Plant Science and Management shows that removing invaders alongside a stream or river can greatly improve the biodiversity of aquatic organisms.…

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Peer Review Through the Ages

During Peer Review Week, Juanita Goossens-Roach and Bridget McHugh looked at how peer review has changed over the years and throughout the ages, spending a fascinating morning at the University Library delving into hand-written correspondence from authors such as Victor Rothschild, A E Housman and Alan Turing.…

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The Implications of Cosmic Silence

In a paper published Aug. 3 in the International Journal of Astrobiology, Daniel Whitmire applying a statistical concept called the principle of mediocrity and argues that if we are typical, it follows that species such as ours go extinct soon after attaining technological knowledge.

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Citizen Science to Study Food Environments

Residents from the neighborhood of Los Rosales (Madrid, Spain), public health practitioners, and researchers worked together in this citizen science project. We analyzed how the food environment influenced residents’ diets from a multi-level perspective in Madrid. The results have been published in Public Health Nutrition. 

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Fantastic beasts and why to conserve them

Beliefs in magical creatures can impact the protection of biodiversity and the field of conservation needs to consider them seriously, researchers have warned. According to a new study, by the University of Leeds and Cardiff University, the conservation of threatened species has much to gain from acknowledging people’s spiritual, magical and cultural beliefs.

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Uncovering the status of the Arabian tahr, an icon of the Hajar Mountains of Oman and the UAE

Species distribution models are a method used by conservationists to make inferences from limited data sets, in a format that can facilitate conservation management across landscapes. They are particularly suitable for filling gaps in knowledge of scarce populations and those inhabiting inaccessible terrain. The Arabian tahr is one such species. Inhabiting the precipitous cliffs of north eastern Arabia, the species is rarely seen and poorly known.

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‘Lost city’ used 500 years of soil erosion to benefit crop farming

Researchers at the University of York working on a 700-year old abandoned agricultural site in Tanzania have shown that soil erosion benefitted farming practices for some 500 years. The study, published in Quaternary Research, shows that historical practices of capturing soils that were eroded from the hillside could be valuable to modern day farming techniques.

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Intrepid ecologists find treasure of birdlife

In a recent study published in Bird Conservation International, authors from Perth Edith Cowan University have carried out research in Papua New Guinea to understand how logging and palm oil plantations is affecting rare bird numbers.…

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World’s biggest shark goes to school, thanks to 3D printing

University of Florida researchers are taking down the Plexiglas walls between museum collections and K-12 classrooms with an educational program that uses 3-D printed fossils and hands-on lessons to spark young learners’ interest in science, technology, engineering and math. The researchers published an assessment of their pilot lesson plan in “Paleontological Society Special Publications” The study '3-D Fossils for K-12 Education: A Case Example Using the Giant Extinct Sharkcarcharocles Megalodon'

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The conundrum of aviation and the environment

The paper, ‘21st century civil aviation: Is it on course, or is it over confident and complacent? – thoughts on the conundrum of aviation and the environment’ published in the Aeronautical Journal, Vol 121, Issue 1236, pp 115-140, 2017 by D.…

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Constructed Female Bodies

Female sexual and sexualized bodies are constructed in multiple ways. One construction posits that females are autonomous and self-determining, and advocates for unimpeded choice regarding sexual expression, bodies, and reproduction.

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Humanoid Multi-Event Robot Athletes

Jacky Baltes, guest Editor for Knowledge Engineering Review, introduces the special issue on Humanoid Multi-Event Robot Athletes The FIRA HuroCup competition was started in 2002 to provide a challenging and state of the art benchmark problem for humanoid robots.…

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Unearthing past perceptions of Monte Testaccio

Lucy Donkin, Lecturer in History and History of Art at the University of Bristol, discusses her forthcoming article, ‘Mons manufactus: Rome’s man-made mountains between history and natural history’, in Papers of the British School at Rome (2017), which will shortly be published via FirstView on Cambridge Core.

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An investigation of the fatal 1985 Manchester Airport B737 fire

The paper, ‘Numerical investigation of the fatal 1985 Manchester Airport B737 fire’ published in the Aeronautical Journal, Vol 121, Number 1237, pp 287-319, 2017 by Edwin R Galea, Zhaozhi Wang,  and Fuchen Jia, provides an explanation for why 55 people lost their lives in the B737 fire at Manchester airport in 1985.…

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Solving the mystery of Antarctica’s ‘Blood Falls’

A study published in the Journal of Glaciology has solved a 100 year-old mystery involving a waterfall in Antarctica known as Blood Falls. New evidence links Blood Falls, a red waterfall in Antarctica, to a large source of salty water that may have been trapped underneath Taylor Glacier for more than a million years.

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Is a Gluten Free Diet Effective in Counteracting the Neurological and/or Psychiatric Symptoms of Coeliac Disease?

The Nutrition Society Paper of the Month for May is from Nutrition Research Reviews and is entitled ‘The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications‘, by Giovanna Campagna, Mirko Pesce, Raffaella Tatangelo, Alessia Rizzuto, Irene La Fratta, Alfredo Grilli Coeliac Disease (CD) was recently presented by The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, describing it as “… an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by gluten and related prolamines in genetically susceptible individuals and characterized by a variable of gluten-dependent manifestations, CD-specific antibodies, HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy” [1].…

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Kids’ Wildlife Preferences Differ from Island to Mainland

Growing up on an island or mainland location can shape the way children think about wildlife, including which species they prefer, according to North Carolina State University research, published in Environmental Conservation. Comparison surveys of children living in the Bahamas and in North Carolina reveal significant differences and potential challenges for wildlife-conservation efforts on islands.

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