Albert Aftalion’s meso-approach to theorising the morphologies of industrial capitalism can help us better understand how to achieve energy transitions
Capitalism as an economic system is untied to any technology, resource endowment or political arrangement. Its versatility made it capable of extraordinary morphological changes, from the late medieval ‘games of exchange’ (Braudel) to classical industrial capitalism (Marx) and its socially oriented, non-laissez faire version (Keynes), down to the late twentieth-century global financial capitalism and, more recently, its tentative retrenchment within cultural and politically homogeneous spheres.…
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