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3 - Mapping the Human Brain from the Prenatal Period to Infancy Using 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cortical Folding and Early Grey and White Maturation Processes

from Part I - Neurobiological Constraints and Laws of Cognitive Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2022

By
Arnaud Cachia ,
Jean-François Mangin  and
Jessica Dubois
Edited by
Olivier Houdé  and
Grégoire Borst
Olivier Houdé
Affiliation:
Université de Paris V
Grégoire Borst
Affiliation:
Université de Paris V
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Summary

Human brain development is a complex and dynamic process that begins during the first weeks of pregnancy and lasts until early adulthood. This chapter will focus on the developmental window from the prenatal period to infancy, probably the most dynamic period across the entire lifespan. The availability of non-invasive three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methodologies has changed the paradigm and allows investigations of the living human brain structure – for example, micro- and macrostructural features of cortical and subcortical regions and their connections, including cortical sulcation/gyrification, area, and thickness, as well as white matter microstructure and connectivity, see Boxes 1–3 (Sections 3.6.1–3.6.3) – beginning in utero. Because of its relative safety, MRI is well-adapted to study individuals at multiple time points and to longitudinally follow the changes in brain structure and function that underlie the early stages of cognitive development.

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Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Development , pp. 50 - 84
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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