Facial recognition from identification parades

doi:10.1017/CBO9781139049566.008

Chapter 8 - Facial recognition from identification parades

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2012

Catriona Havard and

Amina Memon

Edited by

Caroline Wilkinson and

Christopher Rynn

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Caroline Wilkinson: Affiliation:
University of Dundee
Christopher Rynn: Affiliation:
University of Dundee

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Summary

Introduction

Identification parades are one of the most common means of identifying a perpetrator of a crime and can be powerful evidence in securing convictions in criminal cases. In an identification parade (also known as a line-up) a suspect is placed amongst a number of similar-looking people (foils) and the task for the witness is to either select the person they recognise as being the culprit, or state the culprit is not there. Unfortunately, witnesses do not always correctly identify the culprit from a line-up and in some cases innocent people are wrongly identified. This issue has been investigated by the Innocence project, who at the time of writing, have been involved in 251 exonerations based on DNA evidence in the USA. Of these cases approximately 75% of those convicted were cases of mistaken identity (Innocence Project at: http://www.innocenceproject.org/). Several similar organisations have developed worldwide such as the UK Innocent Network, the Australian Innocence Network and the Innocence Project New Zealand, all with the aim to overturn convictions of those who have been wrongfully imprisoned. One real life case of someone who was exonerated by the Innocent Project is Calvin Willis; he was wrongly accused of rape and served 22 years before DNA evidence proved he was innocent. Even though one of the police reports stated the victim did not see her attacker’s face, she was shown a line-up and said she was told to pick the man without the full beard. She later testified that she did not choose anyone, although the police said she picked Willis. Willis’s name only came into the investigation because the victim’s neighbours had mentioned Willis’s name when discussing who might have committed the crime. Even with all these flaws in the investigation the jury still convicted Willis and sentenced him to life (for more details of this case see Innocence Projects webpage at: http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/297.php). This illustrates how powerful eyewitness evidence can be in the courtroom, even when there are obvious flaws in the way it has been obtained.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Craniofacial Identification , pp. 86 - 100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139049566.008 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2012

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