Principles of access network planning

Andy Wilton; Tim Charity

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511541063.006

3 - Principles of access network planning

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 August 2009

Andy Wilton and

Tim Charity

Show author details

Andy Wilton: Affiliation:
Motorola Ltd, Swindon
Tim Charity: Affiliation:
Motorola Ltd, Swindon

Book contents

Get access

Summary

In Chapters 1 and 2, the drivers for the development of the cellular system architecture were discussed and an overview of the key network elements and principles of operation for a GSM cellular solution was provided. The remainder of the book will address the activities necessary to design and deploy profitable wireless networks. Figure 3.1 summarises where these key processes are to be found by chapter.

In this chapter, the principles and processes that are used to plan wireless access networks will be developed. The major focus will be on cellular networks, as these usually represent the most complex planning cases, but an overview of the corresponding processes for 802.11 is also provided. Circuit voice networks will be examined initially; the treatment will then be extended to understand the additional considerations that come into play as first circuit-data and subsequently packet-data-based applications are introduced.

With the planning sequence understood, the way in which information from such processes can be used to explore the potential profitability of networks well in advance of deployment will be addressed. Choices regarding which applications are to be supported in the network and the quality of service offered will be shown to have a major impact on the profitability of network projects.

Circuit voice networks

In most forms of retailing, the introduction of new products follows the ‘S curve’ sequence first recognised by Rogers [1].

Type: Chapter
Information: Deploying Wireless Networks , pp. 45 - 81

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541063.006 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Rogers, E. M., Diffusion of Innovation, 4th edition (Free Press, 1995).

The Business Case for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access based on WiMAX Technology and the IEEE 802.16 Standard (WiMAX Forum™, 2004).

IEEE Vehicular Technology Society Committee on Radio Propagation, Coverage prediction for mobile radio systems operating in the 800/900 MHz frequency range, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 31 1 (1988) 57–60.

Hata, M., Empirical formula for propagation loss in land mobile radio services, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 29 3 (1980) 317–325.Google Scholar

Erceg, V., Greenstein, L. J., Tjandra, S.et al., An empirically-based path loss model for wireless channels in suburban environment, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 17 7 (1999) 1205–1211.Google Scholar

Abhayawardhana, V. S., Wassell, I. J., Crosby, D., Sellars, M. P. and Brown, M. G., Comparison of Empirical Propagation Path Loss Models for Fixed Wireless Access Systems, UK Ofcom Study Ref: AY4463 (2004).Google Scholar

Har, D, Watson, A. M. and Chadney, A. G., Comment on diffraction loss of rooftop-to-street in COST 231-Walfisch–Ikegami model, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 48 5 (1999) 1451–1452.Google Scholar

Linnartz, J. M. G., Wireless Communication – The Interactive CD-ROM, 2nd edition (Baltzer Science Publishers, 1997).

Andrew, Optum™ Automated Cell Planner Tool, www.andrew.com/products/measurement_sys/optum/.

Aircom International, ENTERPRISE Suite, www.aircom.co.uk/.

Meinilä, J., Jämsä, T.et al., A set of channel and propagation models for early link and system level simulations, IST-2003–507581 WINNER, www.ist-winner.org.

ETSI, Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Radio Transmission and Reception, GSM 05.05 version 7.1.0, Release 1998.

Hecker, A., Neuland, M. and Kuerner, T., Propagation models for high sites in urban areas, Advances in Radio Science, 4 (2006) 345–349.Google Scholar

Schneider, P., Lambrecht, F. and Baier, A., Enhancement of the Okumura-Hata Propagation Model Using Detailed Morphological and Building Data, IEEE Document 0-7803-3692-5/96 (1996).Google Scholar

P., E.Mogensen, , GSM Base-Station Antenna Diversity Using Soft Decision Combining on Up-link and Delayed-Signal Transmission on Down-link, IEEE Document 0-7803-1266-x/93 (1993).Google Scholar

Chen, T., Fitz, M. P., Kuo, W.-Y., Zoltowski, M. D. and Grimm, J. H., A space-time model for frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channels with applications to space-time modems, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 18 7 (2000) 1175–1190.Google Scholar

El-Saigh, A. I. and Burnett, J. W., Evaluation of diversity performance in GSM (IEE, 1996).

H. Leijon, Extract from the Table of Erlang Loss, ITU, www.itu.int/home/index.html.

ETSI, Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Physical Layer on the Radio Path, General description, GSM 05.01 version 7.1.0, Release 1998.

ETSI, Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Modulation, 3GPP TS 05.04 version 8.4.0 (2001–11), Release 1999.

ETSI, Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Physical Layer on the Radio Path, 3GPP TS 05.01 version 8.6.0 (2001–11).

Janevski, T., Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks (Artech House, 2003) pp. 91–112.

Leland, W. E. and Wilson, D. V., High time-resolution measurement and analysis of LAN traffic: implications for LAN interconnection, Proceedings of the 10th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 1991) pp. 1360–1366.

Leland, W., Taqqu, M. S., Willinger, W. and Wilson, D. V., On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2 1 (1994) 1–15.Google Scholar

Reiss, R.-D. and Thomas, M., Statistical Analysis of Extreme Values from Insurance, Finance, Hydrology and Other Fields (Birkhäuser, 2001).

Pruthi, P. and Erramilli, A., Heavy-tailed on/off source behavior and self-similar traffic, IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 1995, Seattle.

Willinger, W., Taqqu, M. S., Sherman, R. and Wilson, D. V., Self-similarity through high-variability: statistical analysis of Ethernet LAN traffic at the source level, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5 1 (1997) 71–86Google Scholar

Crovella, M. E. and Bestavros, A., Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5 6 (1997) 835–846.CrossRef Google Scholar

Choi, H. and Limb, J. O., A behavioural model of Web traffic, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'99), (1999).Google Scholar

Hassan, H., Garcia, J. and Brun, O., Generic modelling of multimedia traffic sources, HET-NETs 2005 Third International Working Conference, Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Heterogenous Networks (2005).Google Scholar

Ledesma, S. and Derong, L., Synthesis of fractional Gaussian noise using linear approximation for generating self-similar network traffic, Computer Communication Review, 30 (2000) 4–17.Google Scholar

Dang, T. D., Sonkoly, B. and Molnar, S., Fractal analysis and modelling of VoIP traffic, NETWORKS 2004, Vienna, Austria (2004).

Ding, L. and Goubran, R. A., Speech quality prediction in VoIP using the extended E-Model, IEEE Globecom (2003) 3974–3978.Google Scholar

Kerry, S. J., Operating rules of IEEE Project 802 – Working Group 802.11, wireless LANs, IEEE 802.11–00/331r4, www.ieee802.org/11.

IEEE, Standard for local and metropolitan area networks – part 11: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications, IEEE Standard 802.11g (2003).

ETSI, Wideband transmission systems; technical characteristics and test conditions for data transmission equipment operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques, ETS 300 328.

UK Radio Communications Agency, UK interface requirement 2005 wideband transmission systems operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques (version 1.0),98/34/EC Notification Number 2000/274/UK (2000).

ETSI, Broadband radio access networks (BRAN); 5 GHz high performance RLAN; part 2 harmonised EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive, Draft ETSI EN 301 893.

UK Radio Communications Agency, UK interface requirement 2006 short range, broadband, data services (high performance RLAN) operating in the frequency range 5150–5725 MHz (version 1.02), 98/34/EC Notification Number: 2002/0254/UK (2002).

Lee, B. S., Nix, A. R. and McGeehan, J. P., Indoor space-time propagation modelling using a ray-launching technique, 11th lnternational Conference on Antennas and Propagation (2001).Google Scholar

Sujak, B., Ghodgaonkar, D. K.et al., Indoor propagation channel models for WLAN 802.11b at 2.4 GHz ISM Band, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetic Proceedings (2005).Google Scholar

Dobkin, D., Indoor propagation and wavelength, WJ Communications, 1 4 (2002).Google Scholar

Cisco Systems, Capacity, Coverage and Deployment Considerations for IEEE 802.11g (Cisco Systems, Inc., 2005).

Rondeau, T. W., Souza, M. F. D' and Sweeney, D. G., Residential microwave oven interference on Bluetooth data performance, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 50 3 (2004) 856–863.Google Scholar

Sputnik Inc, RF Propagation Basics (Sputnik Inc, April 2004).

Hope, M. and Linge, N., Determining the propagation range of IEEE 802.11 radio LANs for outdoor applications, LCN 1999 (1999).Google Scholar