At the end of 1943, Neurath was managing several problems in the Unity of Science movement. In the midst of war, Kallen's charge had been made (and awaited debate in the pages of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research), Neurath had just resumed his dispute with Carnap about semantics, and the University of Chicago Press tapped its fingers waiting for Neurath and his editors to deliver long-overdue monographs for the Encyclopedia. Earlier in the year, the press had threatened to suspend publication until after the war, but Neurath promised them he would soon produce a monograph. Though it was his own (Neurath 1944) that kept the promise, he hoped that his solution to this problem might be his old friend Philipp Frank, who was slated to write a monograph about philosophy of physics. Frank and Neurath were old friends, but they had corresponded little during the early years of the war. When they reconnected, they were quickly reminded how similarly they felt about scientific philosophy and its future.

The Neurath-Frank Alliance

Like Neurath, Frank especially hoped that the movement would prosper after the war. He kept the faith that it would still be in tune with the times – “I think that the longing for a unified scientific view exists everywhere”; “I think that the prospect for Unified Science in the English speaking countries is not bad.” Frank also shared Neurath's worries about the intellectual direction that logical empiricism was taking.