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4 - Input, Interaction, and Output

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2024

Shawn Loewen  and
Masatoshi Sato
Shawn Loewen
Affiliation:
Michigan State University
Masatoshi Sato
Affiliation:
Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
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Summary

This chapter discusses the necessary components of second language acquisition, that is, input, interaction, and output. While all language learning theories support the importance of input (written and spoken), they diverge in ways which input is connected to second language acquisition. The chapter then examines some of the second language acquisition theories, such as the interaction hypothesis, the noticing hypothesis, the cognitive-interactionist approach, the output hypothesis, and sociocultural theory, all of which explains how interaction leads to second language acquisition. The chapter moves onto specific pedagogical frameworks that support interaction, including communicative language teaching and task-based language teaching. Finally, the chapter delves into the role that output plays by discussing its functions for second language acquisition.

Keywords

instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)foreigner talkcomprehensible inputnegotiation of meaningnegotiation of formcorrective feedbackyoung learnersinteraction hypothesisnoticing hypothesisoutput hypothesiscollaborationcommunicative language teaching (CLT)task-based language teaching (TBLT)

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Chapter
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A Practical Guide to Second Language Teaching and Learning , pp. 74 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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References

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