Aaron, D.H., ‘Judaism's Holy Language’, in J., Neusner (ed.), Approaches to Ancient Judaism: Neu; Series, xvi (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999), pp. 49–107.

Adams, J.N., ‘Bilingualism at Delos’, in J.N., Adams, M., Janse and S., Swain (eds.), Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Text (Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 103–27.

Adams, J.N., Bilingualismand the Latin Language (Cambridge University Press, 2003).

Adler, W., ‘“What the Hebrews Say”: Translation, Authority, and the Story of Susanna and the Elders’, in F.W., Knobloch (ed.), Biblical Translation in Context (Studies and Texts in Jewish History and Culture 10; Bethesda: University of Maryland Press, 2002), pp. 19–39.

Albeck, Ch., (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook, 1943–1944).

Albeck, Ch., (6 vols.; Jerusalem: Bialik Institute; Tel-Aviv: Dvir, 1959).

Albeck, Ch., (repr. Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1987).

Albrektson, B., ‘Difficilior Lectio Probabilior—A Rule of Textual Criticism and Its Use in OT Studies’, OTS 21 (1981), pp. 5–18.Google Scholar

Alexander, E.S., Transmitting Mishnah: The Shaping Influence of Oral Tradition (Cambridge University Press, 2006).

Alexander, E.S., ‘The Orality of Rabbinic Writing’, in C.E., Fonrobert and M.S., Jaffee (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature (Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 38–57.

Alexander, P.S., ‘Bavli Berakhot 55a–57a: the Talmudic Dreambook in Context’, JJS 46 (1995), pp. 230–48.Google Scholar

Alexander, P.S., ‘Comparing Merkavah Mysticism and Gnosticism’, JJS 35 (1984), pp. 1–18.Google Scholar

Alexander, P.S., ‘“Homer the Prophet of All” and “Moses Our Teacher”: Late Antique Exegesis of the Homeric Epics and of the Torah of Moses’, in L.V., Rutgers et al. (eds.), The Use of Sacred Books in the Ancient World (Leuven: Peeters, 1998), pp. 127–42.

Alexander, P.S., ‘How Did the Rabbis Learn Hebrew?’, in W., Horbury (ed.), Hebreu Study from Ezra to Ben-Yehuda (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1999), pp. 71–89.

Alexander, P.S., ‘Jewish Aramaic Translations’, in M.J., Mulder and H., Sysling (eds.), Mikra: Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Biole in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1988), pp. 217–53.

Alexander, P.S., ‘Pre-Emptive Exegesis: Genesis Rabba's Reading of the Story of Creation’, JJS 43 (1992), pp. 230–45.Google Scholar

Alexander, P.S., ‘Textual Criticism and Rabbinic Literature: the Case of the Targum of Song of Songs’, in P.S., Alexander and A., Samely (eds.), Artefact and Text: The Re-Creation of Jewish Literature in Medieval Hebrew Manuscripts. Proceedings of a Conference held in the University of Manchester 28-30 April 1992 (=BJRL 75 [1993]; Manchester: John Rylands University Library, 1994), pp. 159–73.

Alexander, P.S., ‘The Rabbinic Lists of Forbidden Targumim’, JJS 27 (1976), pp. 177–91.Google Scholar

Alexander, P.S., ‘The Targumim and the Rabbinic Rules for the Delivery of the Targum’, in J.A., Emerton (ed.), Congress Volume Salamanca 1983 (VTSup, 36; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985), pp. 14–28.

Alexander, P.S., The Toponomy of the Targumim with Special Reference to the Table of the Nations and the Boundaries of the Land of Israel (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Manchester, 1974).

Alter, R., The Art of Biblical Narrative (New York: Basic Books, 1981).

Applebaum, S., ‘Economic Life in Palestine’, in S., Safrai and M., Stern (eds.), The Jewish People in the First Century: Historical Geography, Political History, Social, Cultural and Religious Life and Institutions (CRINT, 1.2; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1976), vol. 2, pp. 641–45.

Bacher, W., Die exegetische Terminologie der jüdischen Traditionsliteratur (repr.; Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1965).

Bacher, W., ‘Kritische Untersuchungen zum Prophetentargum’, ZDMG 28 (1874), pp. 1–72.Google Scholar

Bacher, W., ‘Notes on the Critique of the Text of the Targum of the Prophets’, JQR 11 (1899), pp. 651–55.Google Scholar

Bamberger, B.J., Proselytism in the Talmudic Period (New York: Ktav, 1968).

Bar, D., ‘Population, Settlement and Economy in Late Roman and Byzantine Palestine (70–641 AD)’, BSOAS 67 (2004), pp. 307–20.Google Scholar

Bar Asher Siegal, E.A., ‘Diglossia’, in G., Khan (ed.), Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics (Leiden: Brill, forthcoming).

Bar Asher, M., ‘Mishnaic Hebrew: An Introductory Survey’, in S., Safrai et al. (eds.), The Literature of the Sages, 11, pp. 567–95.

Bar Asher, M., Cathedra 132 (2009), pp. 25–32.

Barkay, G., ‘The Priestly Benediction on the Ketef Hinnom Plaques’, Cathedra 52 (1989), pp. 37–76 (Hebrew).Google Scholar

Bar-Ilan, M., ‘Illiteracy as Reflected in the Halakhot Concerning the Reading of the Scroll of Esther and the Hallel’, PJAAR 54(1987), pp. 1–12.Google Scholar

Bar-Ilan, M., ‘Illiteracy in the Land of Israel in the First Centuries C.E.’, in S., Fishbane (ed.), Essays in the Social Scientific Study of Judaism and Jewish Society 2 (Hoboken: Ktav, 1992), pp. 46–61.

Bar-Ilan, M., ‘Writing in Ancient Israel and Early Judaism, Part Two: Scribes and Books in the Late Second Commonwealth and Rabbinic Period’, in M.J., Mulder and H., Sysling (eds.), Mikra: Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity (CRINT, 2/1; Assen: Van Gorcum, 1988), pp. 21–38.

Barthélemy, D., Critique textuelle de l'Ancien Testament (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1986).

Barthélemy, D., Les Devanciers d'Aquila (VTSup, 10; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1963).

Basser, H., ‘Midrash Tannaim’, in J., Neusner (ed.), Encyclopedia of Midrash: Biblical Interpretation in Formative Judaism (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2005), 1, pp. 510–19.

Beit-Arié, M., ‘Transmission of Texts by Scribes and Copyists: Unconscious and Critical Inferences’, in P.S., Alexander and A., Samely (eds.), Artefact and Text: The Re-Creation of Jewish Literature in Medieval Hebrew Manuscripts. Proceedings of a Conference hdd in the University of Manchester 28-30 April 1992 (=BJRL 75 [1993]; Manchester: John Rylands University Library, 1994), pp. 33–51.

Berkowitz, B.A., Execution and Invention: Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures (Oxford University Press, 2006).

Berliner, A., Targum Onkdos (2 vols.; Berlin: Gorzelanczyk, 1884).

Bernstein, M., ‘The Aramaic Targumim: The Many Faces of the Jewish Biblical Experience’, in G.J., Brooke (ed.), Jewish Ways of Readingthe Bibie (JSS.Sup, 11; Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 133–65.

Bernstein, M., ‘The Contribution of the Qumran Discoveries to the History of Early Biblical Interpretation’, in H., Najman and J.H., Newman (eds.), The Idea of Biblcal Interpretation: Essays in Honor of James L. Kugel (JSJSup, 83; Leiden: Brill, 2004), pp. 215–38.

Bernstein, M., ‘The Halakhah in the Marginalia of Targum Neofiti’, in Proceedings of the Eleventh World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem, June 22-29, 1993. A. The Bible and its world (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1994), pp. 223–30.

Bernstein, M., Tarbiz 65 (1995–1996), pp. 29–32.

Bernstein, M. et al. (eds.), Legal Texts and Legal Issues: Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the International Organization for Qumran Studies, Cambridge 1995 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997).

Bickerman, E.J., ‘The Septuagint as a Translation’, PAAJR 28 (1959), pp. 1–39.Google Scholar

Birnbaum, S.A., The Hebrew Scripts (repr. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971).

Black, M., An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts (Oxford University Press, 3rd edn, 1967).

Blanck, H., Das Buch in der Antike (München: C.H. Beck, 1992).

Blau, L., ‘Wie lange stand die althebräische Schrift bei den Juden im Gebrauch?’, in M., Brann und F., Rosenthal (eds.), Gedenkbuch zur Erinnerung an David Kaufmann (Breslau: Schles. Verlags Anstalt, 1900), pp. 44–57.

Blau, L., Zur Einleitung in die Heilige Schńf (Budapest: Trübner, 1894).

Bockmuehl, M.N.A., Revelation and Mystery in Ancient Judaism and Pauline Christianity (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1990).

Bohak, G., Ancient Jewish Magic: A History (Cambridge University Press, 2008).

Böhl, F., ‘Die Metaphorisierung in den Targumim zum Pentateuch’, FJB 15 (1987), pp. 111–49.

Börner-Klein, D., and E., Hollender, Rabbinische Kommentare zum Buch Esther (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2000).

Borst, A., Der Turmbau von Babd. Geschichte der Meinungen über Ursprung und Vielfalt der Sprachen und Völker (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1957–1963).

Botterweck, G.J., and H., Ringgren (eds.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, 11 (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1977).

Bowker, J., The Targums and Rabbinic Literature: An Introduction to Jewish Interpretations of Scripture (Cambridge University Press, 1969).

Boyarin, D., Border Lines: The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).

Boyarin, D., Carnal Israel: Reading Sex in Talmudic Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).

Boyarin, D., Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism (Stanford University Press, 1999).

Boyarin, D., Intertextuality and the Reading of Midrash (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990).

Braude, W.G., and I.J., Kapstein, Pesikta de-Rav Kahana (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975).

Bregman, M., ‘The Darshan: Preacher and Teacher of Talmudic Times’, Melton Journal 14 (1982), pp. 3, 19, 26.Google Scholar

Bregman, M., ‘Mishnah and LXX as Mystery: An Example of Jewish-Christian Polemic in the Byzantine Period’, in L.I., Levine (ed.), Jews and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine (Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press, 2004), pp. 333–42.

Brock, S.P., ‘Aspects of Translation Techniques in Antiquity’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 20 (1979), pp. 69–87.Google Scholar

Brock, S.P., ‘To Revise or Not to Revise: Attitudes to Jewish Biblical Translation’, in G.J., Brooke and B., Lindars (eds.), Septuagint, Scrolls and Cognate Writings: Papers Presented to the International Symposium on the Septuagint and its Relations to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Writings (Manchester, 1990) (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992), pp. 301–38.

Brody, R., The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).

Brody, R., in B.J., Schwartz, A., Shemesh and A., Melamed (eds.), (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2009), pp. 213–32.

Brody, R., Sidra 24–25 (2010), pp. 71–81.

Brody, R., in A., Amit and A., Shemesh (eds.), (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2011), pp. 27–37.

Brody, R. and E.J., Wiesenberg, Post-Talmudic rabbinic manuscripts in the Cambridge Genizah Collections, I, Taylor-Schechter New Series (Cambridge University Library Genizah series, 5; Cambridge University Press, 1998).

Broshi, M. et al. (eds.), Qumran Cave 4, xiv: Parabiblical Texts, Part 2 (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, 19; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).

Brüll, N., ‘Fremdsprachliche Wörter in den Talmuden und Midraschim’, in Jahrbücher für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur 1 (1874), pp. 123–220.Google Scholar

Buber, S., (Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1967).

Burns, J.E., ‘The Special Purim and the Reception of the Book of Esther in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Eras’, JSJ 37 (2006), pp. 1–34.Google Scholar

Calderini, R., ‘De interpretibus quaedam in papyris’, Aegyptus 33 (1953), pp. 341–46.Google Scholar

Cameron, A., ‘Latin Words in the Greek Inscriptions of Asia Minor’, The American Journal of Philology 52 (1931), pp. 232–62.Google Scholar

Cashdan, E., ‘Names and the Interpretation of Names in the Pseudo-Jonathan Targum to the Book of Genesis’, in H.J., Zimmels, J., Rabbinowitz and L., Finestein (eds.), Essays Presented to Chief Rabbi Israel Brodie on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday (London: Soncino, 1967), pp. 31–39.

Cassuto, U., A Commentary on the Book of Genesis, II, From Noah to Abraham, Genesis vi 9-XI 32 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1964).

Cathcart, K.J., and R.P., Gordon, The Targum to the Minor Prophets (AB, 14; Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1989).

Ceulemans, R., ‘Greek Christian Access to “The Three”, 250-600 CE’, in T.M., Law and A., Salvesen (eds.), Greek Scripture and the Rabbis (CBET, 66; Leuven: Peeters, 2012), pp. 165–91.

Ceulemans, R. ‘The Greek Christian Afterlife of the Minor Versions: The Possibilities of a Shift in Perspective’, in H., Ausloos, B., Lemmelijn, and M., Vervenne (eds.), Florilegium Lovaniense: Studies in Septuagint and Textual Criticism in Honour of Florentino García Martínez (Leuven: Peeters, 2008), pp. 101–17.

Charlesworth, J.H., ‘Jewish Liturgies, Hymns and Prayers (c. 167 BCE-135 CE)’, in R.A., Kraft and G.W.E., Nickelsburg (eds.), Early Post-Biblical Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters (Chico: Scholars Press, 1985).

Chester, A.D., Divine Revelation and Divine Titles in the Pentateuchal Targumim (TSAJ, 14; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1986).

Chilton, B.D., The Isaiah Targum (AB, 11; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1987).

Churgin, P., Targum Jonathan to the Prophets (YOS, 14; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1907 [=1927] [repr. New York: Ktav, 1983]).

Churgin, P., ‘The Targum and the Septuagint’, AJSL 50 (1933–1934), pp. 41–65.Google Scholar

Clark, E.A., History, Theory, Text: Historians and the Linguistic Turn (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).

Clark, E.G., Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Numbers (AB, 4; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995).

Clines, D.J.A., (ed.), The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew (8 vols.; Sheffield Academic Press, 1993–2011).

Cohen, A., Rereading Talmud: Gender, Law and the Poetics of Sugyot (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998).

Cohen, A., ‘The Task of Talmud: On Talmud as Translation’, in A., den Hollander, U., Schmid and W., Smelik (eds.), Paratext and Megatext as Channels of Jewish and Christian Traditions (JCP, 6; Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. 82–108.

Cohen, M., The Soncino Talmud (London: Soncino, 1965).

Cohen, N.G., ‘The Theological Stratum of the Martha b. Boethus Tradition. An Explication of the Text in “Gittin” 56a’, HTR 69 (1976), pp. 187–95.Google Scholar

Cohen, S.J.D., ‘The Conversion of Antoninus’, in P., Schäfer (ed.), The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco-Roman Culture, 1, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1998), pp. 141–72.

Cohen, S.J.D., ‘The Place of the Rabbi in Jewish Society of the Second Century’, in L.I., Levine (ed.), The Galiee in Late Antiquity (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1992), pp. 157–73.

Colafemmina, C., ‘Hebrew Inscriptions of the Early Medieval Period in Southern Italy’, in B.D., Cooperman and B., Garvin (eds.), The Jews of Italy: Memory and Identity (Bethesda: University Press of Maryland, 2000), pp. 65–81.

Colorni, V., ‘L uso del greco mella liturgia del giudaismo ellenistico e la novella 146 di Giustiniano’, Annali di Storia del Diritto 8 (1964), pp. 19–80.Google Scholar

Colson, F.H., and G.H., Whitaker, Phio, 11 (London: Heinemann, 1929).

Cook, E., A Glossary of Targum Onkelos: According to Alexander Sperber's Edition (SAIS, 6; Leiden: Brill, 2008).

Cooley, A.E., Becoming Roman, Writing Latin? Literacy and Epigraphy in the Roman West (Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, 48; Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2002).

Coseriu, E., Die Geschichte der Sprachphilosophie von der Antike bis zum Gegenwart (2nd edn, Stuttgart: UTB, 1975).

Cotton, H.M., and A., Yardeni, Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek Texts from Nahal Hever and Other Sites with an Appendix Containing Alleged Qumran Texts [The Seiyl Collection 2] (DJD, 27; Oxford University Press, 1997).

Cotton, H.M., L. Di, Segni, W., Eck, and B., Isaac, ‘Corpus Inscriptionum Judaeae/Palaestinae’, ZPE 127 (1999), pp. 307–308.Google Scholar

Cotton, H.M., (ed.), Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palestinae: A Multi-lingual Corpus of the Inscriptions from Alexander to Muhammad, I, Jerusalem, Part 1:1-704 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2010).

Dahl, N.A., and A.F., Segal, ‘Philo and the Rabbis on the Names of God’, JSJ 9 (1978), pp. 1–28.Google Scholar

Dalman, G., Aramäisch-neuhabräisches Handwörterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch (Göttingen: Eduard Pfeiffer, 1938).

Dalman, G., Grammatik des jüdisch-palästinischen Aramäisch (repr. Darmstadt: Wissenschatfliche Buchgesellschaft, 1960).

Damsma, A., The Targumic Toseftot to Targum Ezekiel (Leiden: Brill, 2012).

Dan, J., ‘Sprache/Sprachwissenschaft/Sprachphilosophie’, TRE 31 (2000), pp. 760–65.Google Scholar

Daube, D., ‘Three Notes Having to Do with Johanan ben Zaccai’, JTS 11 (1960), pp. 53–62.Google Scholar

Daube, D., The New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism (New York: Arno Press, 1973).

De Lange, N., ‘An Early Hebrew-Greek Bible Glossary from the Cairo Genizah and its Significance for the Study of Jewish Bible Translations into Greek’, in M.F.J., Baasten and R., Munk (eds.), Studies in Hebrew Literature and Jewish Culture: Presented to Albert van der Heide on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Dordrecht: Springer, 2007), pp. 31–39.

De Lange, N., ‘A Thousand Years of Hebrew in Byzantium’, in Horbury, (ed.), Hebrew Study, pp. 147–61.

De Lange, N., Greek Jewish Texts from the Cairo Genizah (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1996).

De Lange, N., ‘Hebraism and Hellenism: The Case of Byzantine Jewry’, Poetics Today 19 (1998), pp. 129–45.Google Scholar

De Lange, N., ‘Hebrew/Greek Manuscripts: Some Notes’, JJS 46 (1995), pp. 262–70.Google Scholar

De Lange, N., ‘Prier et étudier à Byzance’, REJ 158 (1999), pp. 51–59.Google Scholar

De Lange, N., ‘Sem et Japhet: Les Juifs et la langue grecque’, Pardes 12 (1990), pp. 90–107.Google Scholar

De Lange, N., ‘The Revival of the Hebrew Language in the Third Century CE’, JSQ 3 (1996), pp. 342–58.Google Scholar

De Moor, J.C., ‘Murices in Ugaritic Mythology’, Orientalia 37 (1968), pp. 212–15.Google Scholar

De Moor, J.C. et al. (eds.), A Bilingual Concordance to the Targum of the Prophets (21 vols.; Leiden: Brill, 1996–2005).

Den Boeft, J., ‘Notiunculue Martyrologicae in. Observations on the Martyria of Polycarp and Pionius’, Vigiliae Christianae 39 (1985), pp. 110–30.

Diez Macho, A., El Targum: Introducción à los traducciones aramaicos de la Biblia (Barcelona: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1972).

Diez Macho, A., Neophyti I: Targum Palestinense MS de la Biblioteca Vaticana (6 vols.; Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1968–1979).

Diez Macho, A., ‘Un segundo fragmento del Targum Palestinense a los Profetas’, Biblica 39 (1958), pp. 198–205.Google Scholar

Diez Merino, L., ‘Exculpación-inculpación: Principios de exegesis targúmica desconocido en la hermenéutica judia oficial’, in J. Carrera das, Neves, V. Collado, Bertomeu and V. Vilar, Hueso (eds.), III. Simposio Bíblico Español (I Luso-Espanhol) (Valencia and Lisboa: Fundación Bíblica Español, 1991), pp. 441–76.

Diez Merino, L., Targum de Salmos: Edición principe del Ms. Vila-Ami n.5 de Alfonso de Zamora (Bibliotheca Hispana Biblica, 6; Madrid: Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas, 1982).

Dimitrovski, H.Z., (Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook, 2000).

Diringer, D., ‘Early Hebrew Script versus Square Hebrew Script’, in D. Winton, Thomas (ed.), Essays and Studies Presented to Stanley Arthur Cook in Cdebration of his Seventy-Fifth Birthday (London: Taylor's Foreign Press, 1950), pp. 35–49.

Dodi, A., (unpublished PhD thesis, Bar-Ilan University, 1981).

Dotan, A., ‘The Relative Chronology of Hebrew Vocalization and Accentuation’, PAAJR 48 (1981), pp. 87–99.Google Scholar

Drazin, I., Targum Onkelos to Deuteronomy (Hoboken: Ktav, 1982).

Driver, G.R., ‘Suggestions and Objections’, ZAAW 55 (1937), pp. 68–72.Google Scholar

Eck, W., Romund Judaea: Fünf Vorträge zur römischen Herrschaf in Palästina (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007).

Edrei, A., and D., Mendels, ‘A Split Jewish Diaspora: Its Dramatic Consequences’, JSP 16 (2007), pp. 91–137 and JSP 17 (2008), pp. 163-87.Google Scholar

Edrei, A., Zweierlei Diaspora (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2010).

Edwards, J., ‘Foundations of Bilingualism’, in T.K., Bhatia and W.C., Ritchie (eds.), The Handbook of Bilingualism (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), pp. 7–31.

Eisenstein, J.D., (New York: J.D. Eisenstein, 1915).

Elbogen, I., Der jüdische Gottesdienst in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung (2nd edn, Frankfurt am Main: J. Kaufmann Verlag, 1924).

Elman, Y., Authority and Tradition: Toseftan Baraitot in Talmudic Babylonia (New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1994).

Elman, Y., ‘Progressive Derash and Retrospective Peshat: Nonhalakhic Considerations in Talmud Torah’, in S., Carmy (ed.), Modern Scholarship in the Study of Torah (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1996), pp. 227–87.

Elman, Y. and I., Gershoni, ‘Transmitting Tradition: Orality and Textuality in Jewish Cultures’, in Y., Elman and I., Gershoni (eds.), Transmitting Jewish Traditions: Orality, Textuality and Cultural Dijjusion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), pp. 4–13.

Elman, Y. and I., Gershoni and I., Gershoni (eds.), Transmitting Jewish Traditions: Orality, Textuality and Cultural Dijjusion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), pp. 4–13.

Emerton, J., ‘The Problem of Vernacular Hebrew in the First Century A.D. and the Language of Jesus’, JTS 24(1973), pp. 1–23.Google Scholar

Epstein, Y.N., Tarbiz 3 (1932), pp. 237–48.

Epstein, Y.N., (repr. Jerusalem: Magnes Press; Tel Aviv: Dvir, 2001).

Epstein, Y.N. and E.Z., Melamed, Mekhilta D'Rabbi Simon Ben Jochai: Fragmenta in Geniza Cairensi Reperta (Jerusalem: Meqise Nirdamim, 1955).

Eshel, E. and M., Stone, ‘An exposition on the Patriarchs (4Q464) and two other documents (4Q464a and 4Q464b)’, Le Muséon 105 (1992), pp. 243–64.Google Scholar

Eshel, E. and M., Stone, Tarbiz 62 (1993), pp. 169–77.

Eshel, E. and M., Stone, H., Eshel, and A., Yardeni, Cathedra 132 (2009), pp. 5–24.

Evans, T., ‘The Court Function of the Interpreter in Genesis 42.23 and Early Greek Papyri’, in T., Rajak, S., Pearce, J., Aitken, and J., Dines (eds.), Jewish perspectives on Hellenistic rulers (Hellenistic Culture and Society, 50; Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), pp. 238–52.

Falk, D.K., The Parabiblical Texts: Strategies for Extending the Scriptures among the Dead Sea Scrolls (London: T. & T. Clark, 2007).

Feldman, L.H., Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World: Attitudes and Interactions from Alexander to Justinian (Princeton University Press, 1993).

Fellman, J., ‘The Linguistic Status of Mishnaic Hebrew’, JNSL 5 (1977), pp. 21–22.Google Scholar

Fernández Marcos, N., The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Version of the Bible (Leiden: Brill, 2000).

Fernández Marcos, N., Sefarad 35 (1975), pp. 91–106.

Field, F., Origenis Hexaplorum quae supersunt; sive Veterum Interpretum Graecorum in totum Vetus Testamentum fragmenta. Post Flaminium Nobilium, Drusium, et Montefalconium, adhibita etiam versione Syrohexaplari (2 vols.; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1875).

Fine, S., ‘“Chancel” Screens in Late Antiquity Palestinian Synagogues: A Source from the Cairo Genizah’, in H., Lapin (ed.), Religious and Ethnic Communities in Later Roman Palestine (STJHC, 5; Bethesda: University Press of Maryland, 1999), pp. 67–85.

Fine, S., ‘Synagogue Inscriptions’ in E.M., Meyers (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 114–18.

Fine, S., “This Holy Place”: On the Sanctity of Synagogues during the Greco-Roman Period (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).

Fine, S. and L., Rutgers, ‘New Light on Judaism in Asia Minor During Late Antiquity: Two Recently Identified Menorahs’, JSQ 3 (1996), pp. 1–23.Google Scholar

Finkelstein, L., (Berlin: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaft des Judentums, 1939).

Fisch, M., Rational Rabbis: Science and Talmudic Culture (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).

Fischer, M., B., Isaac and I., Roll, Roman Roads in Judaea, II, Jaffa-Jerusalem Roads (Oxford: Archaeopress, 1996).

Fishman, J., ‘Who Speaks What Language to Whom and When?’, La Linguistique 2 (1965), pp. 67–88.Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick-McKinley, A., ‘Synagogue Communities in the Graeco-Roman Cities’, in J.R., Bartlett (ed.), Jews in the Hellenistic and Roman Cities (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 55–87.

Flesher, P.V.M., ‘The Targ umim in the Context of Rabbinic Literature’, in J., Neusner (ed.), Introduction to Rabbinic Literature (New York: Doubleday, 1994), pp. 611–29.

Flesher, P.V.M. and B., Chilton, The Targums: A Critical Introduction (SAIS, 12; Leiden: Brill, 2011).

Flusser, D., ‘Jesus’, EJ 11 (2007), pp. 249–50.Google Scholar

Foerster, G., ‘Tiberias’, in M., Avi-Yonah and E., Stern, Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1975), vol. 4, pp. 1173–76.

Fraade, S.D., From Tradition to Commentary: Torah and its Interpretation in the Midrash Sifre to Deuteronomy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991).

Fraade, S.D., ‘Literary Composition and Oral Performance in Early Midrashim’, Oral Tradition 14 (1999),pp. 33–51.Google Scholar

Fraade, S.D., ‘Locating Targum in the Textual Polysystem of Rabbinic Pedagog’, BIOSCS 39 (2006), pp. 69–91.Google Scholar

Fraade, S.D., ‘Rabbinic Polysemy and Pluralism Revisited: Between Praxis and Thematization’, AJS Review 31 (2007), pp. 1–40.Google Scholar

Fraade, S.D., ‘Rabbinic Views on the Practice of Targum, and Multilingualism in the Jewish Galilee of the Third-Sixth Centuries’, in L.I., Levine (ed.), The Galilee in Late Antiquity (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1992), pp. 253–86.

Fraade, S.D., ‘Rhetorics and Hermeneutics in Miqsat Ma'ase Ha-Torah (4QMMT): The Case of the Blessings and the Curses’, DSD 10 (2003), pp. 150–61.Google Scholar

Fraade, S.D., ‘Scripture, Targum, and Talmud as Instruction: A Complex Textual Story from the Sifra’, in J., MagnessandS., Gitin(eds.), Hesed Ve-Emet: Studies in Honor of Ernest S. Frerichs (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998), pp. 109–22.

Fränkel, Y., (Jerusalem: Masada, 1991).

Frankel, Z., ‘Zu dem Targum der Profeten’, Jahresbericht des jüdisch-theologischen Seminars ‘Fraenkel'scher Stiftung’ (Breslau: F.W. Jungfer's Buchdruckerei, 1872), pp. 1–48.

Friedmann, M., Pesikta Rabbathi (Vienna: M. Friedmann, 1880).

Friedmann, M., (Jerusalem: Sifre Wahrman, 1960).

Friedman, S., ‘The Holy Scriptures Defile the Hands—The Transformation of a Biblical Concept in Rabbinic Theology’, in M., Brettler and M., Fishbane (eds.), Minhah le-Nahum: Biblical and Other Studies Presented to Nahum M. Sarna in Honour of His 70th Birthday (JSOT.S, 154; Sheffield Academic Press, 1993), pp. 117–32.

Friedman, S., ‘The Primacy of Tosefta to Mishna in Synoptic Parallels’, in T., Meacham and H., Fox (eds.), Introducing Tosefta: Textual, Intratextual, and Intertextual Studies (Hoboken: Ktav, 1999), pp. 99–121.

Friedman, S., Tarbiz 62 (1992/1993), pp. 313–38.

Friedman, S., (Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2002).

Gafni, I., ‘The Historical background’, in S., Safrai (ed.), The Literature of the Sages, 1, pp. 1–34.

Gafni, I., by, in Z., Weiss, O., Irshai, J., Magness, and S., Schwartz (eds.), ‘Follow the Wise’: Studies in Jewish History and Culture in Honor of Lee I. Levine (New York and Winona Lake: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America and Eisenbrauns, 2010), pp. 3*-10*.

Gallagher, E.L., ‘The Religious Provenance of the Aquila Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah’, forthcoming.

Gaster, M., ‘Ein Targum der Amidah’, MGWJ 39.2 (1894), pp. 79–90.Google Scholar

Geiger, A., Urschrift und Uebersetzungen der Bibel in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der innern Entwickelung des Judenthums (2 vols.; Breslau: Julius Hainauer, 1857).

Gelb, I.J., ‘The Word for Dragoman in the Ancient Near East’, Glossa 2 (1968), pp. 92–103.Google Scholar

Gera, D.L., Ancient Greek Ideas on Speech, Language and Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2003).

Gerhardsson, B., Memory and Manuscript: Oral Tradition and Written Transmission in Rabbinic Judaism and Early Christianity (repr. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1998).

Gero, S., ‘Jewish Polemic in the Martyrium Pionii and a “Jesus” Passage from the Talmud’, JJS 29 (1978), pp. 164–68.Google Scholar

Ginsburger, M., ‘Verbotene Thargumim’, MGWJ 44 (1900), pp. 1–7.Google Scholar

Ginzberg, L., Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvätern und in der apokryphischen Literatur (Berlin: S. Calvary, 1900).

Ginzberg, L., The Legends of the Jews (7 vols.; Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1909–1938).

Ginzberg, L., Yerushalmi Fragments from the Genizah, 1 (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1909).

Ginzberg, L. (ed.), (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1929).

Goitein, S.D., A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Genizah, II, The Community (6 vols.; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971).

Goldberg, A., (Jerusalem: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1976).

Goldberg, A., ‘The Mishnah—A Study Book of Halakha’, in Safrai, (ed.), The Literature of the Sages, 1, pp. 211–62.

Goldberg, A.M., ‘Form und Funktion des Ma'a'se in der Mischna’, FJB 2 (1974), pp. 1–38 (republished in A. Goldberg, Rabbinische Texte als Gegenstand der Auslegung: Gesammelte Studien [Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1999], vol. 2).Google Scholar

Goldberg, A.M., ‘Formen und Funktionen von Schriftauslegung in der frührabbinischen Literatur’, Linguistica Biblica Bonn 64 (1990), pp. 5–22.Google Scholar

Goldberg, A.M., ‘The Rabbinic View of Scripture’, in P., Davies and R., White (eds.), A Tribute to Geza Vermes: Essays on Jewish and Christian Literature and History (JSOTSup, 100; Sheffield Academic Press, 1990), pp. 153–66.

Goldenberg, R., ‘Early Rabbinic Explanations of the Destruction of Jerusalem’, JJS 33 (1982), pp. 517–25.Google Scholar

Goldenberg, R., ‘The Problem of Originality in Talmudic Thought’, in J., Neusner et al. (eds.), From Ancient Israel to Modern Judaism: Intellect in Quest of Understanding. Essays in Honor of Marvin Fox (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989), vol. 2, pp. 19–27.

Goldin, J., ‘Reflections on Translation and Midrash’, in J., Goldin, Studies in Midrash and Related Literature (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1988), pp. 239–52.

Golomb, D.M., ‘“A Liar, A Blasphemer, A Reviler”: The Role of Biblical Ambiguity in the Palestinian Pentateuchal Targumim’, in P.V.M., Flesher (ed.), Targum Studies, I, Textual and Contextual Studies in the Pentateuchal Targums (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992), pp. 135–46.

Goodenough, E.R., Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1965).

Goodman, M., ‘Galilean Judaism and Judaean Judaism’, in W., Horbury, W.D., Davies and J., Sturdy (eds.), The Cambridge History of Judaism, in (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 596–617.

Goodman, M., ‘Jews and Judaism in the Mediterranean Diaspora in the Late-Roman Period: The Limitations of Evidence’, in C., Bakhos (ed.), Ancient Judaism in its Hellenistic Context (JSJSup, 95; Leiden: Brill, 2005), pp. 177–203.

Goodman, M., Mission and Conversion: Proselytizing in the Religious History of the Roman Empire (Oxford University Press, 1994).

Goodman, M., ‘Sacred Scripture and “Defiling the Hands”’, JTS 41 (1990), pp. 99–107.Google Scholar

Goodman, M., State and Society in Roman Galilee A.D. 132-212 (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2000).

Gordon, R.P., Studies in the Targum to the Twelve Prophets: From Nahum to Malachi (VTSup, 51; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994).

Gordon, R.P., ‘Terra Sancta and the Territorial doctrine of the Targum to the Prophets’, in J.A., Emerton and S.C., Reif (eds.), Interpreting the Hebrew Bible: Essays in Honor of E.I.J. Rosenthal (Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 119–31.

Goshen-Gottstein, A., ‘Four Entered Paradise Revisited’, HTR 88 (1995), pp. 69–133.Google Scholar

Goshen-Gottstein, M., (2 vols.; Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1983–1989).

Gottlieb, I.B., Language Understanding in Sifre Deuteronomy: A Study of Language Consciousness in Rabbinic Exegesis (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1973), pp. 82–84.

Gottlieb, I.B., ‘The Extremes of Esther and Its Implications for Midrash’, in L.M., Teugels and R., Ulmer (eds.), Interpretation, Religion and Culture in Midrash and Beyond (JiC, 6; Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2008), pp. 51–67.

Grabbe, L., ‘Aquila's Translation and Rabbinic Exegesis’, JJS 33 (1982), pp. 527–36.Google Scholar

Grabbe, L., Etymology in Early Jewish Interpretation: the Hebrew Names in Philo (Brown Judaic Series, 115; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988).

Grabbe, L., ‘Synagogues in Pre-70 Palestine: A Re-Assessment’, JTS 39 (1989), pp. 401–10.Google Scholar

Gräß, H., ‘Jüdisch-geschichtliche Studien’, MGWJ 1-2.5 (1852), pp. 192–202.Google Scholar

Graves, M., ‘Midrash-Like Word Plays in Aquila's Translation of Genesis’, in T.M., Law and A., Salvesen (eds.), Greek Scripture and the Rabbis (CBET, 66; Leuven: Peeters, 2012), pp. 65–86.

Gray, A.M., ‘The Power Conferred by Distance from Power: Redaction and Meaning in b. A.Z. 10a-11a’, in J., Rubenstein (ed.), Creation and Composition; the Contribution of the Bavli Redactors (Stammaim) to the Aggada (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005), pp. 23–69.

Gray, P., ‘Palestine and Justinian s legislation on Non-Christian Religions’, in B., Halpern and D., Hobson (eds.), Law, politics and Society in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Sheffield Academic Press, 1993), pp. 241–70.

Greenspoon, L.J., ‘Recensions, Revision, Rabbinics: Dominique Barthélemy and Early Developments in the Greek Traditions’, Textus 15 (1990), pp. 153–63.Google Scholar

Grelot, P., ‘Le Targoum d'Isaïe, x, 32-34 dans ses diverses recensions’, RB 90 (1983), pp. 202–28.Google Scholar

Grossfeld, B., A Bibliography of Targum Literature (3 vols.; Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1973, 1977, 1990).

Grossfeld, B., The Targum Onqelos to Deuteronomy (AB, 9; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1988).

Grossfeld, B., The Targum Onqelos to Genesis (AB, 6; Wilmington: The Liturgical Press, 1988).

Grossfeld, B., The Targum Sheni to the Book of Esther: A Critical Edition Based on MS. Sassoon 282 with Critical Apparatus (New York: Sepher-Hermon Press, 1994).

Gruenwald, I. ‘Some Critical Notes on the First Part of Sefer Yezira’, REJ 132 (1973), pp. 475–512.Google Scholar

Gruenwald, I.Te'uda 4 (1986), pp. 65–78.

Hadas-Lebel, M., Jerusalem against Rome(Interdisciplinary Studies in Ancient Culture and Religion, 7; Leuven: Peeters, 2006).

Halivni, D.W., (Jerusalem: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1975).

Halivni, D.W., (Jerusalem: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1982).

Hallo, W.W., ‘Bilingualism and the Beginnings of Translation’, in M.V., Fox et al., Texts, Temples, and Traditions: A Tribute to Menahem Haran (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1996), pp. 345–57.

Hanson, R.S., ‘Paleography, The Script of the Leviticus Scroll’, in D.N., Freedman and K.A., Matthews (eds.), The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll (II QpaleoLev) (Winona Lake: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1985), pp. 15–23.

Hanson, R.S., ‘Paleo-Hebrew Scripts in the Hasmonean Age’, BASOR 175 (1964), pp. 26–42.Google Scholar

Harkavy, A., Studien und Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Oeffentlichen Bibliothek zu St. Petersburg. iv. Response der Geonim (zumeist aus dem X-XL. Jahrhundert) (Berlin: Meqise Nirdamim, 1887).

Harl, M., and N. De, Lange, Origene: Phiocalie, 1-20, sur les écritures et la Lettre à Africanus sur l'histoire de Suzanne (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1983).

Harris, W.V., ‘Literacy and Epigraphy I’, ZPE 52 (1983), pp. 87–111.Google Scholar

Harrison, T., ‘Herodotus' Conception of Foreign Languages’, Histos 2 (1998), no pages: http:www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1998/harrison.html#n*.Google Scholar

Hartmann, A.Th., Die Hebräerin am Putztisch und als Braut (Amsterdam: Ziegler, 1809–1810).

Hauptman, J., Rereading the Mishnah: A New Approach to Ancient Jewish Texts (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005).

Hayes, C.E., Between the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds: Accounting for Halakhic Difference in Selected Sugyot from Tractate Avodah Zarah (Oxford University Press, 1997).

Hayman, P., Sefer Yeṣira: Edition, Translation and Text-Critical Commentary (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004).

Hayward, C.T.R., ‘Abraham as Proselytizer at Beer-sheba in the Targums of the Pentateuch’, JJS 49 (1998), pp. 24–37.Google Scholar

Hayward, C.T.R., ‘A Portrait of the Wicked Esau in the Targum of Codex Neofiti I’, in M., McNamara and D., Beattie (eds.), The Aramaic Bible (Sheffield: JSOT, 1994), pp. 291–309.

Hayward, C.T.R., ‘Food, the Animals, and Human Dignity. Jewish Perceptions in a Targumic Context’, in C.T.R., Hayward, Targums and the Transmissiom of Scripture into Judaism and Christianity (SAIS, 10; Leiden: Brill, 2010), pp. 361–76.

Healey, J.F., ‘Were the Nabataeans Arabs?’, Aram 1 (1989), pp. 38–44.Google Scholar

Heijmans, S., (MA dissertation, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 2005).

Heinemann, Y., ‘Early Halakhah in the Palestinian Targumim’, JJS 25 (1974), pp. 114–22.Google Scholar

Heinemann, Y., Prayer in the Talmud: Forms and Patterns (Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1977).

Heinemann, Y., Bar-Ilan 6 (1968), pp. 33–41.

Hermann, A., ‘Dolmetschen im Altertum. Ein Beitrag zur antiken Kulturgeschichte’, in K., Thieme, A., Hermann and E., Glässer (eds.), Schriften des Auslands- und Dolmetschein-stitutes der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz in Germersheim (München: Isar Verlag, 1956), pp. 25–59.

Herr, M.D., ‘The Historical Significance of the Dialogues between Jewish Sages and Roman Dignitaries’, in J., Heinemann and D., Noy (eds.), Studies in Aggadah and Folk-Literature (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1971), pp. 123–150.

Hezser, C., Jewish Literacy in Roman Palestine (TSAJ, 81; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2001).

Hezser, C., ‘Social Fragmentation, Plurality of Opinion, and Nonobservance of Halakhah: Rabbis and Community in Late Roman Palestine’, JSQ 1 (1993–1994), pp. 234-51.Google Scholar

Hezser, C., ‘The Codification of Legal Knowledge in Late Antiquity: The Talmud Yerushalmi and Roman Law Codes’, in P., Schäfer (ed.), The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco-Roman Culture, 1 (Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1998), pp. 581–641.

Hezser, C., The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997).

Hieronymus, , Commentarvi in Prophetas minores (ed. M., Adriaen; 2 vols.; CCSL, 76A; Turn-hout: Brepols, 1970).

Higger, M., Seven Minor Tractates (New York: Bloch, 1930).

Higger, M., (New York: 1937).

Ho, A., The Targum of Zephaniah: Manuscripts and Commentary (SAIS, 7; Leiden: Brill, 2009).

Hollander, H.W., and M., de Jonge, The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985).

Hopkins, S., A Miscellany of Literary Pieces from the Cambridge Genizah Collections (Cambridge University Library, 1978), pp. 12–14.

Horovitz, H.S., (Leipzig: Gustav Fock, 1917).

Horovitz, H.S. and I.A., Rabin, (repr. Jerusalem: Wahrmann Books, 1970).

Houtman, A., Mishnah and Tosefta: A Synoptic Comparison of the Tractates Berakhot, and Shebiit (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1996).

Houtman, A. and H., Sysling, Alternative Targum Traditions: The Use of Variant Readings for the Study in Origin and History of Targum Jonathan (SAIS, 9; Leiden: Brill, 2009).

Howard, G., ‘The Tetragram and the New Testament’, JBL 96 (1977), pp. 63–83.Google Scholar

Hoyland, R., ‘Language and Identity: The Twin Histories of Arabic and Aramaic (and : Why did Aramaic Succeed where Greek Failed?)’, Scripta Israelica Classica 23 (2004), pp. 183–200.Google Scholar

Hutner, J., (Jerusalem: Institute for the Complete Israeli Talmud, 1972).

Hyvarinen, K., Die Übersetzung von Aquila (ConBOT, 10; Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup, 1977).

Inowlocki, S., ‘Josephus’ Rewriting of the Babel Narrative (Gen 11:1-9)', JSJ 37 (2006), pp. 169–91.Google Scholar

Inowlocki, S., ‘Neither Adding nor Omitting Anything: Josephus Promise not to Modify the Scriptures in Greek and Latin Context’, JJS 56 (2005), pp. 48–65.Google Scholar

Isaac, B.H., The Near East Under Roman Rule: Selected Papers (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1998).

Isaac, B.H. and I., Roll, Roman Roads in Judaea, I, The Legio-Scythopolis Road (Oxford: Archaeopress, 1982).

Jacobs, L., Structure and Form in the Babylonian Talmud (Cambridge University Press, 1991).

Jacobs, L., The Talmudic Argument: A Study in Talmudic Reasoning and Methodology (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984).

Jacobson, H., A Commentary on Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiqitatum Biblicarum with Latin Text and English Translation (AGJU, 31; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996).

Jacobson, H., ‘Ketiah Bar Shalom’, AJS Review 6 (1981), pp. 39–42.Google Scholar

Jaffee, M.S., ‘The Oral-Cultural Context of the Talmud Yerushalmi: Greco-Roman Rhetorical Paideia, Discipleship, and the Concept of Oral Torah’, in Elman, and Gershoni, , Transmitting Jewish texts, pp. 27–73.

Jaffee, M.S., Torah in the Mouth: Writing and Oral Tradition in Palestinian Judaism 200 BCE-400 CE (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).

Jastrow, M., A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (2 vols.; New York: Choreb, repr. 1926).

Joosten, J., ‘Language as Symptom. Linguistic Clues to the Social Background of the Seventy’, Textus 24 (2007), pp. 69–80.Google Scholar

Joosten, J., ‘Reflections on the “Interlinear Paradigm” in Septuagintal Studies’, in A., Voitila and J., Jokiranta (eds.), Scripture in Transition. Essays on Septuagint, Hebrew Bible, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honour of Raija Sollamo (JSJSup, 126; Leiden, Brill, 2008), pp. 163–78.

Joüon, P. and T., Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew (Rome: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1996).

Kahana, M.I., ‘The Halakhic Midrashim’, in S., Safrai et al. (eds.), The Literature of the Sages, II pp. 3–105.

Kahana, M.I., (3 vols.; Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2011).

Kahle, P., The Cairo Geniza (2nd edn, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1960).

Kalmin, R., Jewish Babylonia between Persia and Roman Palestine: Decoding the Literary Record (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).

Kalmin, R., ‘Patterns and Developments in Rabbinic Midrash of Late Antiquity’, in M., Sæbø (ed.), Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996), pp. 285–302.

Kalmin, R., ‘Targum Onkelos and Rabbinic Literature’, forthcoming.

Kalmin, R., Sages, Stories, Authors, and Editors in Rabbinic Babylonia (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994).

Kalmin, R., The Sage in Jewish Society of Late Antiquity (London: Routledge, 1999).

Kasher, R., ‘The Aramaic Targumim and their Sitz im Leben’, in M.H., Goshen-Gottstein (ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies (Jerusalem 1985). Panel session: Bible Studies and Ancient Near East (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1988), pp. 75–85.

Kasher, R., ‘Metaphor and Allegory in the Aramaic Translations of the Bible’, JAB 1 (1999), pp. 53–77.Google Scholar

Kasher, R., Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1996).

Kasovsky, Ch.Y., (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1986).

Katz, S.T. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Judaism, iv, The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period (Cambridge University Press, 2006).

Kaufman, S., ‘A Unique Magic Bowl from Nippur’, JNES 32 (1973), pp. 170–74.Google Scholar

Kaufman, S., The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (Assyriological Studies, 19; Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1974).

Kessler, E., Bound by the Bible: Jews, Christians and the Sacrifice of Isaac (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Klar, B.M., (2nd edn, Jerusalem: Tarshish, 1973–1974).

Klein, M.L., ‘Converse Translation: A Targumic Technique’, Biblica 57 (1976), pp. 515–37.Google Scholar

Klein, M.L., Genizah Manuscripts of Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch (2 vols.; Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1986).

Klein, M.L., ‘Not to be Translated in Public’, JJS 39 (1988), pp. 80–91.Google Scholar

Klein, M.L., Targumic Manuscripts in the Cambridge Genizah (Cambridge University Press, 1992).

Klein, M.L., The Fragment-Targums of the Pentateuch (2 vols.; Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1980).

Klein, M.L., ‘The Masorah to Onqelos: A Reflection of Targumic Consciousness’, HUCA 68 (1997), pp. 63–75.Google Scholar

Klein, M.L., The Masorah to Targum Onqelos (Binghamtom: Global Publications, 2000).

Köhler, L., ‘Problems in the Study of the Language of the Old Testament’, JSS 1 (1956), pp. 1–24.Google Scholar

Kohut, A., (Vienna: George Brög, 1842–1984).

Komlosh, Y., (Tel-Aviv: Dvir, 1973).

Korpel, M.C.A., ‘The Poetic Structure of the Priestly Blessing’, JSOT 45 (1989), pp. 3–13.Google Scholar

Kovelman, A., ‘Farce in the Talmud’, RRJ 5 (2002), pp. 86–92.Google Scholar

Kraabel, A.T., ‘The Roman Diaspora: Six Questionable Assumptions’, JJS 33 (1982), pp. 445–64.Google Scholar

Kraemer, D., Reading the Rabbis: The Talmud as Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).

Krauss, M., Name und Sache: Ein problem in frühgriechischen Denken (Studien zur Antiken Philosophie, 14; Amsterdam: B.R. Grüner, 1987).

Krauss, S., ‘Akylas, der Proselyt’, in Festschrift zum achtzigsten Geburtstage Moritz Stánschneider's (Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1896).

Krauss, S., Griechische und lateinische Lehnwörter im Talmud, Midrasch und Targumim (Berlin: S. Calvary, 1898–1899).

Krauss, S., Talmudische Archäologie (Leipzig: Gustav Fock, 1910).

Krauss, S., ‘Zur griechischen und lateinischen Lexikographie aus jüdischen Quellen’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 2 (1893), pp. 494–548.Google Scholar

Kuhn, P., Bat Qol: Die Offenbarungsstimme in der rabbinischen Literatur (Regensburg: Pustet, 1989).

Kuhn, P., Offenbarungsstimmen im Antiken Judentum: Untersuchungen zur Bat Qol und verwandten Phänomenen (TSAJ, 20; Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1989).

Kutscher, E.Y., The Language and Linguistic Background of the Isaiah Scroll (1 QIsa) (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, 6; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1979).

Labendz, J., ‘Aquila s Bible Translation in Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Perspectives’, HTR 102 (2009), pp. 353–88.Google Scholar

Lambdin, T.O., ‘Egyptian Loanwords in the OT’, JAOS 73 (1953), pp. 145–55.Google Scholar

Lambert, W.G., ‘A Vocabulary of an Unknown Language’, MARI 5 (1987), pp. 409–13.Google Scholar

Lauterbach, J.Z., Mekilta de-Rabbi Ishmael (3 vols.; Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1933–1935).

Law, T.M., and A., Salvesen (eds.), Greek Scripture and the Rabbis (CBET, 66; Leuven: Peeters, 2012).

Le Déaut, R., Introduction à la littérature targumique (Rome: Institut Biblique Pontifical, 1966).

Le Déaut, R., ‘Un phénomene spontané de l hermeneutique juive ancienne: le targumisme’, Biblica 52 (1971), pp. 505–25.Google Scholar

Lee, S.I., Jesus and Gospel Traditions in Bilingual Context: A Study in the Interdirectionality of Language (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2012).

Lehnardt, A., Qaddish: Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Rezeption eines rabbinischen Gebets (TSAJ, 87; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002).

Lehnardt, A., ‘“Therefore They Ordained to Say it in Aramaic”: Some Remarks on Language and Style of the Kaddish’, in J. Targarona, Borrás and A., Sáenz-Badillos (eds.), Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Proceedings of the 6th EAJS Congress Toledo, July 1998, I, Biblical, Rabbinical, and Medieval Studies (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1999), pp. 303–10.

Leipoldt, J. and Morenz, S., Heilige Schriften: Betrachtungen zur Religionsgeschichte der antiken Mittelmeerwelt (Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1953).

Leiwo, M., ‘From Contact to Mixture: Bilingual Inscriptions from Italy’, in J.N., Adams, M., Janse and S., Swain (eds.), Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Text (Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 168–94.

Lerner, M.B., ‘The Works of Aggadic Midrash and the Esther Midrashim’, in S., Safrai et al. (eds.), The Literature of the Sages, 11, pp. 133–229.

Levine, B.A., ‘Gibeonites and Nethinim’, EJ 7, cols. 552–54.

Levine, B.A., ‘Later Sources on the Netînîm’, in H.A., Hoffner Jr., (ed.), Orient and Occident: Essays Presented toC.H. Gordon (AOAT, 22; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1973), pp. 101–107.

Levine, E., ‘Some Characteristics of Pseudo-Jonathan to Genesis’, Augustinianum 11 (1971), pp. 89–103.Google Scholar

Levine, E., The Aramaic Version of the Bible: Contents and Context (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1988).

Levine, L.I., The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000).

Levine, L.I., The Rabbinic Class of Roman Palestine in Late Antiquity (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi; New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1989).

Levine, L.I., ‘The Sages and the Synagogue in late Antiquity: The Evidence of the Galilee’, in L.I., Levine (ed.), The Galilee in Late Antiquity (New York: The Jewish Theologocal Seminary of America, 1992), pp. 201–22.

Levy, B.B., Targum Neophyti I: A Textual Study (2 vols.; Lanham: University Press of America, 1987).

Levy, J., Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim, I-IV (Berlin: Benjamin Harz, 1924) (‘WTM’).

Levy, J., Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und einen grossen Theil des rabbinischen Schriftthums, I-II (repr. Köln: Joseph Melzer Verlag, 1959) (‘CWT’).

Lewin, B.M., (Haifa: n.p., 1928-Jerusalem: Central Press, 1944).

Lewis, N., ‘The Demise of the Aramaic Document in the Dead Sea Region’, Scripta Classica Israelica 20 (2001), pp. 179–81.Google Scholar

Lewis, N., ‘The Demise of the Demotic Document: When and Why’, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79 (1993), pp. 276–81.Google Scholar

Liddell, H.G., and R., Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford University Press, 1924).

Lieberman, S., Greek in Jewish Palestine: Studies in the Life and Manners of Jewish Palestine in the II-IV Centuries C.E. (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1942).

Lieberman, S., Hellenism in Jewish Palestine (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1962).

Lieberman, S., ‘Review’, Sinai 5 (1939), pp. 462–68.Google Scholar

Lieberman, S., ‘The Martyrs of Caesarea’, Annuaire de l'Institut de Philologie et d' Histoire Orientales et Slaves 7 (1939–1944), pp. 395–446.Google Scholar

Lieberman, S., (Jerusalem: Darom, 1934).

Lieberman, S., (10 vols.; New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, repr. 2001).

Lieberman, S., (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1962).

Lieberman, S., (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1973).

Liebes, Y., ‘Hebrew and Aramaic as Languages of the Zohar’, ArSt 4 (2006), pp. 35–52.Google Scholar

Lifshitz, B., ‘Jérusalem sous la domination romaine’, ANRW 11, 8 (1977), pp. 444–89.Google Scholar

Lifshitz, B., ‘L hellénisation des juifs de Palestine propos des inscriptions de Besara (Beth Shearim)’, RB 72 (1965), pp. 520–38.Google Scholar

Linder, A., The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997).

Liss, A., (Jerusalem: Institute for the Complete Israeli Talmud, 1979).

Löw, I., Fauna und Mineralien der Juden (Hildesheim: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1969).

Luzatto, S.D., ‘Nachträgliches über die Thargumim’, WZJT 5 (1844), pp. 124–37.Google Scholar

Luzatto, S.D., (Krakow: Y. Fisher, 1895).

Mack, H., ‘Numbers Rabba: Its Date, Location and Circulation’, Te'uda 11 (1996), pp. 91–105.Google Scholar

Mack, H., in M., Bar-Asher (ed.), (Jerusalem: Akamedon, 1992), 11, pp. 449–62.

Maier, J., Jesus von Nazareth in der talmudischen Überlieferung (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1978).

Malinowski, B., Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays (Prospect Heights: Waveland Press, 1992).

Mandel, P., ‘Between Byzantium and Islam: The Transmission of a Jewish Book in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods’, in Y., Elman and I., Gershoni (eds.), Transmitting Jewish Traditions: Orality, Textuality, and Cultural Diffusion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), pp. 74–106.

Mandel, P., Midrash Lamentations Rabbati: Prolegomenon, and a Critical Edition to the Third Parasha (Unpublished PhD thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1997).

Mandelbaum, B., (2 vols.; New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1962).

Mansoor, M., The Thanksgiving Hymns (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1961).

Marcus, J., ‘Studies in the Chronicle of Ahimaaz’, PAAJR 5 (1933–1934), pp. 85–93.Google Scholar

Marcus, R., ‘Divine Names and Attributes in Hellenistic Jewish Literature’, PAAJR 3 (1931–1932), pp. 43–120.Google Scholar

Margulies, M., (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1953–1960).

Marrassini, P., ‘I frammenti aramici’, Studi Classici e Orientali 29 (1979), pp. 125–30.Google Scholar

Martínez Borobio, E., Targum Jonatán de los Profetas Primeros en Tradición Babilónica, I, Josué—Jueces (TECC, 46; Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1989).

Martínez Borobio, E., Targum Jonatán de los Profetas Primeros en Tradición Babilónica, II, I-II Samuel (TECC, 43; Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1987).

Martínez Borobio, E., Targum Jonatán de los Profetas Primeros en Tradición Babilónica, III, I-II Reyes (TECC, 63; Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1998).

Mathews, K.A., ‘The Background of the Paleo-Hebrew Texts at Qumran’, in C.L., Meyers and M., O'Connor (eds.), The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of his Sixtieth Birthday (Winona Lake: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1983), pp. 549–68.

Mathews, K.A., ‘The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll from Qumran’, The Biblical Archaeologist 50.1 (1987), pp. 45–54.Google Scholar

McLean, M.D., The Use and Development of Palaeo-Hebrew in the Hdlenistic and Roman Periods (unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge MA, Harvard University, 1982).

McNamara, M., ‘Some Early Rabbinic Citations and the Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch’, Revista della Studi Orientali 41 (1966), pp. 1–15.Google Scholar

McNamara, M., Targum and Testament (Shannon: Irish University Press, 1972).

McNamara, M., Targum Neofiti 1: Numbers (AB, 4; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995).

McNamara, M., The New Testament and the Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch (AnBib, 27; Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1966).

Mercati, G., ‘Sulla scrittura del tetragramma nelle antiche versioni greche del Vecchio Testamento’, Biblica 22 (1941), pp. 339-54, 365–66.Google Scholar

Metzger, B.M., Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography (Oxford University Press, 1981).

Mielziner, M., Introduction to the Talmud (repr. New York: Bloch, 1968).

Milgrom, J., Numbers (The JPS Torah Commentary; Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1990).

Milikowsky, Ch., ‘The Status Quaestionis of Research in Rabbinic Literature’, JJS 39 (1988), pp. 201–211.Google Scholar

Millar, F., A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius 11 (408-450) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006).

Millar, F., ‘A Rural J ewish Community in Late Roman Mesopotamia, and the Question of a Split Jewish Diaspora’, JSJ 42 (2011), pp. 351–74.Google Scholar

Millar, F., ‘Christian Emperors, Christian Church and the Jews of the Diaspora in the Greek East, CE OT-45«0’, JJS 55 (2004 pp. 1–24.Google Scholar

Millar, F., The Roman Near East 31 BC—AD 337 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univerity Press, 1993).

Mirsky, S.K., iv (Jerusalem: Sura Research and Publication Foundation, Yeshiva University, and Mosad Harav Kook, 1966).

Momigliano, A., The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography (Sather Classical Lectures, 54; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990).

Morag, S., Vocalised Talmudic Manuscripts in the Cambridge Genizah Collections. Volume 1 (CULGS, 4; Cambridge University Press, 1988).

Morray-Jones, C.R.A., ‘Paradise Revisited (2 Cor. 12:1-12): The Jewish Mystical Background of Paul's Apostolate’, in HTR 86 (1993), pp. 177-217, 265–92.Google Scholar

Müller-Kessler, C., ‘The Earliest Evidence for Targum Onqelos from Mesopotamia’, JAB 3 (2001), pp. 181–98.Google Scholar

Mussies, G., ‘Greek in Palestine and the Diaspora’, in S., Safrai et al. (eds.), The Jewish People in the First Century: Historical Geography, Political History, Social, Cultural and Religious Life and Institutions (CRINT, 1, 2; Assen: Van Gorcum, 1976), pp. 1040–64.

Naeh, S., Leshonenu 70 (2008), pp. 125–43.

Naeh, S., Leshonenu 72 (2010), pp. 89–123.

Naveh, J., ‘Hebrew Texts in Aramaic Script in the Persian Period?’, BASOR 203 (1971), pp. 27–32.Google Scholar

Naveh, J., Early History of the Alphabet: An Introduction to West Semitic Epigraphy and Palaeography (Jerusalem: Magnes Press; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982).

Neubauer, A., Anecdota Oxioneniensa: Medieval Jewish Chronicles and Chronological Notes Edited from Printed Books and Manuscripts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895).

Neubauer, A., ‘Literary Gleanings, XII, The Hebrew Bible in Shorthand Writing’, JQR 7 (1895), pp. 361–64.Google Scholar

Neudecker, R., Frührabbinisches Ehescheidungsrecht: Der Tosefta-Traktat Gittin (Rome: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1982).

Neusner, J., How to Study the Bavli: The Languages, Literatures, and Lessons of the Talmud of Babylonia (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992).

Neusner, J., Language as Taxonomy: The Rules for Using Hebrew and Aramaic in the Babylonian Talmud (SFSHJ, 12; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990).

Neusner, J., Method and Meaning in Ancient Judaism (Missoula: Scholars Press, 1979).

Neusner, J., The Mishnah: A New Translation (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).

Neusner, J., The Tosefta (Peabody: Hendrickson, 2002).

Neusner, J., ‘The Written Tradition in the Pre-Rabbinic Period’, JSJ 4 (1973), pp. 56–65.Google Scholar

Niditch, S., ‘Cosmic Man as Mediator in Rabbinic Literature’, JJS 34(1983), pp. 137–46.Google Scholar

Noam, V., (Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press, 2003).

Noy, D., Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe, 11 (Cambridge University Press, 1995).

Noy, D., ‘The Jews in Italy in the First to Sixth Centuries c.E.’, in B.D., Cooperman and B., Garvin (eds.), The Jews of Italy: Memory and Identity (Bethesda: University Press of Maryland, 2000), pp. 47–64.

Noy, D. and H., Bloedhorn, Inscriptiones Iudaicae Orientis, in, Syria and Cyprus (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2004).

O'Connor, M., Hebrew Verse Structure (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1980).

Offenberg, A.K., Hebrew Incunabula in Public Collections: A First International Census (Bibliotheca Humanistica & Reformatorica, 47; Nieuwkoop: De Graaf Publishers, 1990).

Ohana, M., ‘Prosélytisme et Targum palestinien: Données nouvelles pour la datation de Néofiti I’, Bib 55 (1974), pp. 317–32.Google Scholar

Olmstead, A.T., ‘Could an Aramaic Gospel Be Written?’, JNES 1 (1942), pp. 41–75.Google Scholar

Olszowy-Schlanger, J., ‘Karaite Linguistics: The “Renaissance” of the Hebrew Language among Early Karaite Jews, and Contemporary Linguistic Theories’, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft 7 (1997), pp. 81–100.Google Scholar

Orlinsky, H.M., ‘The Septuagint as Holy Writ and the Philosophy of the Translators’, HUCA 46 (1975), pp. 89–114.Google Scholar

Parry, D.W., ‘Notes on Divine Name Avoidance in Scriptural Units of the Legal texts of Qumran’, in M., Bernstein et al. (eds.), Legal Texts and Legal Issues: Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the International Organization for Qumran Studies, Cambridge 1995 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997), pp. 437–49.

Pérez Fernández, M., An Introductory Grammar of Rabbinic Hebrew (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997).

Petuchowski, J.J., ‘Judaism as Mystery: The Hidden Agenda?’, HUCA 52 (1981), pp. 141–52.Google Scholar

Pietersma, A., ‘Kyrios or Tetragram: A Renewed Quest for the Original LXX’, in A., Pietersma and C., Cox (eds.), De Septuaginta. Studies in Honour of John William Wevers on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Mississauga: Benben Publications, 1984), pp. 85–101.

Poirier, J., ‘4Q464: Not eschatological’, RevQ 20(2002), pp. 583–87.Google Scholar

Porter, S.E., ‘The Functional Distribution of Koine Greek in First-Century Palestine’, in S.E., Porter, Diglossia and Other Topics in New Testament Linguistics (Sheffield Academic Press, 2000), pp. 53–78.

Porton, G.G., The Stranger within Your Gates: Converts and Conversion in Rabbinic Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).

Préaux, G., ‘De la Grèce Classique à l'Egypte Hellénistique: traduire ou ne pas traduire’, Chronique d Egypte 42 (1967), pp. 369–83.Google Scholar

Price, J.J. and S., Naeh, ‘On the Margins of Culture: The Practice of Transcription in the Ancient World’, in H.M., Cotton et al. (eds.), From Hellenism to Islam: Cultural and Linguistic Change in the Roman Near East (Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 257–88.

Puech, E., ‘Du bilinguisme à Qumran?’, in F., Briquel-Chatonnet (ed.), Mosaïque de langues, mosaïque culturelle: Le bilinguisme dans le Proche-Orient ancient (Paris: Jean Maisonneuve, 1996), pp. 171–79.

Rabbinovicz, R.N., (16 vols.; Munich, Mainz and Przemysl: L. Rosenthal, E. Huber and I. Bril, 1866–1888).

Rabin, C., ‘Hittite Words in Hebrew’, Orientalia 32 (1963), pp. 113–39.Google Scholar

Rabin, C., ‘The Translation Process and the Character of the Septuagint’, Textus 6 (1968), pp. 1–26.Google Scholar

Rabinowicz, Z.M., (Jerusalem: Bialik, 1985).

Rabinowitz, L.J., ‘Onkelos and Aquila’, EJ 12, cols. 1405–1406.

Rahmani, L.Y., A Catalogue of Jewish Ossuaries inthe Collections of the State of Israel (Jerusalem: The Israel Antiquities Authority and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994).

Rajak, T., Translation and Survival: The Greek Bible of the Ancient Jewish Diaspora (Oxford University Press, 2009).

Rapoport-Albert, A., and T., Kwasman, ‘Late Aramaic: The Literary and Linguistic Context of the Zohar’, ArSt 4 (2006), pp. 5–19.Google Scholar

Rappel, D., (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1985).

Reeg, G., Die Ortsnamen Israels nach der rabbinischen Literatur (Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1989).

Reynolds, J., ‘The Greek of Inscriptions’, in P., Easterling and C., Handley (eds.), Greek Scripts: An Illustrated Introduction (London: Society for Promotion of Hellenic Studies, 2001), pp. 11–21.

Ribera Florit, J., ‘De la traducción a la interpretación: el Targum’, El Olivo 11 (1987), pp. 111–26.Google Scholar

Ribera Florit, J., Targum Jonatán de los Profetas Posteriors en Tradición Babilónica: Jeremías (TECC, 52; Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1992).

Richardson, H.N., ‘Some Notes on 4'b and Its Derivates’, VT 5 (1955), pp. 163–79.Google Scholar

Robert, L., ‘Malédictions funéraires grecques’, CRAIBL 1978, pp. 241–89.Google Scholar

Rochette, B., ‘Le SB VIII 9843 et la position du grec en Palestine aux deux premiers siècles après J.-C’, Archiv für Papyrusforschung 44 (1998), pp. 42–46.Google Scholar

Rosen-Zvi, I., ‘Orality, Narrative, Rhetoric: New Directions in Mishnah Research’, AJS Review 32 (2008), pp. 235–49.Google Scholar

Rubenstein, J.L., Talmudic Stories: Narrative Art, Composition, and Culture (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

Rubenstein, J.L., The Culture of the Babylonian Talmud (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003).

Rubin, M., ‘The Language of Creation or the Primordial Language: A Case of Cultural Polemics in Antiquity’, JJS 49 (1998), pp. 306–33.Google Scholar

Runia, D.T., ‘Etymology as an Allegorical Technique in Philo of Alexandria’, The Studia Philonica Annual 16 (2004), pp. 101–21.Google Scholar

Sachs, M., Beiträge zur Sprach- and Aterthumsforschung (Berlin: Veit und Comp., 1852–1854).

Sáenz-Badillos, A., A History of the Hebrew Language (Cambridge University Press, 1996).

Safrai, S. (ed.), The Literature of the Sages, I, Oral Tora, Halakha, Mishna, Tosefta, Talmud, External Tractates (CRINT, 2/3; Assen: Van Gorcum; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987)

Sáenz-Badillos, A., ‘Oral Tora’, in S., Safrai (ed.), The Literature of the Sages, 1, pp. 35–119.

Sáenz-Badillos, A., Z., Safrai, J., Schwartz and P.J., Tomson (eds.), The Literature of the Sages, II, Midrash and Targum, Liturgy, Poetry, Mysticism, Contracts, Inscriptions, Ancient Science and the Languages of Rabbinic Literature (CRINT, 2.3b; Assen: Royal Van Gorcum, 2006).

Safrai, Z., ‘The Origins of Reading the Aramaic Targum in Synagogue’, Immanuel 24/25 (1990), pp. 187–93 (189).Google Scholar

Safrai, Z., The Economy of Roman Palestine (London: Routledge, 1994).

Safrai, Z., ‘The Targums as Part of Rabbinic Literature’, in S., Safrai et al. (eds.), The Literature of the Sages, 11, pp. 243–78.

Salvesen, A., ‘A Convergence of the Ways? The Judaizing of Christian Scripture by Origen and Jerome’, in A.H., Becker and A.Y., Reed (eds.), The Ways That Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003), pp. 233–58.

Salvesen, A., ‘Did Aquila and Symmachus Shelter under the Rabbinic Umbrella?’, in T.M., Law and A., Salvesen (eds.), Greek Scripture and the Rabbis (CBET, 66; Leuven: Peeters, 2012), pp. 107–25.

Salvesen, A., Symmachus in the Pentateuch (JSS Monograph, 15; Manchester: University of Manchester, 1991).

Salvesen, A., ‘The Relationship of LXX and the Three in Exodus 1-24 to the Readings of Fb’, in N.R.M., de Lange, J.G., Krivoruchko, and C., Boyd-Taylor (eds.), Jewish Reception of Greek Bible Versions: Studies in their Use in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (TSMJ, 23; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009), pp. 103–127.

Salzberger, G., Die Salomosage in der semitischen Literatur: Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Sagenkunde (Berlin- Nikolassee: Max Harrwitz, 1907).

Samely, A., Forms of Rabbinic Literature and Thought: An Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2007).

Samely, A., ‘Is Targumic Aramaic Rabbinic Hebrew? A Reflection on Midrashic and Targumic Rewording of Scripture’, JJS 45 (1994), pp. 92–100.Google Scholar

Samely, A., ‘Notes on the Sequencing of Information in Mishna Tractates’, FJB 35 (2009), pp. 19–64.Google Scholar

Samely, A., Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture in the Mishnah (Oxford University Press, 2002).

Samely, A., ‘Scripture's Implicature: The Midrashic Assumptions of Relevance and Consistency’, JSS 37 (1992), pp. 167–205.Google Scholar

Samely, A., The Interpretation of Speech in the Pentateuch Targums: A Study of Method and Presentation in Targumic Exegesis (TSAJ, 27; Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1992).

Samely, A., ‘Writing in an (Almost) Classical Vein: The Art of Targum in an Aramaic Paraphrase of the Amidah’, in P.S., Alexander and A., Samely (eds.), Artefact and Text: The Re-Creation of Jewish Literature in Medieval Hebrew Manuscripts. Proceedings of a Conference held in the University of Manchester 28-30 April 1992 (=BJRL 75 [1993]; Manchester: John Rylands University Library, 1994), pp. 175–264.

Sanders, S.L., The Invention of Hebrew (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009).

Satran, Y.M., (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook, 1976).

Sawyer, J.F.A., Sacred Languages and Sacred Texts (London: Routledge, 1999).

Schäfer, P., ‘Das “Dogma” von der mündlichen Torah im rabbinischen Judentum’, in P., Schäfer, Studien zur Geschichte und Theologie des rabbinischen Judentums (AGSU, 15; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978), pp. 153–97.

Schäfer, P., Der Bar Kokhba-Aufstand: Studien zum zweiten jüdischen Krieg gegen Rom (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1981).

Schäfer, P., Die Vorstellung vom heiligen Geist in der rabbinischen Literatur (Munich: Kösel-Verlag, 1972).

Schäfer, P., ‘New Testament and Hekhalot Literature: The Journey into Heaven in Paul and Merkavah Mysticism’, JJS 35 (1984), pp. 19–35.

Schäfer, P., Synopse zur Hekhalot-Literatur (TSAJ, 2; Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1981).

Schäfer, P. and S., Shaked, Magische Texte aus der Kairoer Geniza, 11 (TSAJ, 64; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997).

Schäfer, P. and S., Shaked, Jesus in the Talmud (Princeton University Press, 2007).

Schechter, S., (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1997).

Schechter, S., in M., Brann and J., Elbogen (eds.), (Breslau: Marcus, 1911), pp. 187–92.

Schiffman, L.H., ‘The Early History of Public Reading of the Torah’, in S., Fine (ed.), Jews, Christians, and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue: Cultural Interaction during the Greco-Roman Period (London: Routledge, 1999), pp. 44–56.

Schirmann, J., ‘The Beginning of Hebrew Poetry in Italy and Northern Europe’, in C., Roth (ed.), The World History of the Jewish People, II, The Dark Ages (Tel-Aviv: Massadah Publishing, 1966), pp. 249–66.

Scholem, G., Kabbalah (Jerusalem: Keter, 1974).

Schultess, F., ‘Aramäisches’, ZA 24(1910), pp. 47–58.Google Scholar

Schwartz, S., Imperialism and Jewish Society from 200 BCE to 640 CE (Princeton University Press, 2001).

Schwartz, S., ‘Language, Power and Identity in Ancient Palestine’, Past & Present 148 (1995), pp. 3–47.Google Scholar

Segal, E., Case Citation in the Babylonian Talmud (Atlanta, Scholars Press, 1990).

Segal, E., (PhD dissertation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 1981).

Segal, E., [‘The Goat of the Slaughterhouse…’— on the Evolution of a Variant Reading in the Babylonian Talmud], Tarbiz, 49 (1980), pp. 43–51.Google Scholar

Segal, P., ‘Jewish Law During Tannaitic Period’, in N.S., Hecht et al., An Introduction to the History and Sources of Jewish Law (Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 101–40.

Shalev-Eyni, S., Jews among Christians: Hebrew Book Illumination from Lake Constance (Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2010).

Shinan, A., ‘Live Translation: On the Nature of the Aramaic Targums to the Pentateuch’, Prooftexts 3 (1984), pp. 41–49.Google Scholar

Shinan, A., ‘The Aramaic Targum as a Mirror of Galilean Jewry’, in L.I., Levine (ed.), The Galilee in Late Antiquity (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1992), pp. 241–51.

Shinan, A., (2 vols.; Jerusalem: Makor, 1979).

Shinan, A., Sinai 79 (1975–1976), pp. 171–77.

Shinan, A., Beth Miqra 66 (1976), pp. 472–74.

Shinan, A., (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1993).

Shinan, A. (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1992).

Siegel, J.P., ‘The Employment of Palaeo-Hebrew Characters for the Divine Names at Qumran in the Light of Tannaitic Sources’, HUCA 42 (1971), pp. 159–72.Google Scholar

Silverstone, A.E., Aquila and Onkelos (Manchester University Press, 1931).

Sirat, C., P., Cauderlier, M., Dukan, and M.A., Friedman, La Ketouba de Cologne: un contrat de mariagejuifà Antinoopolis (Papyrologica Coloniensa, 12; Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1986).

Sivan, H., ‘Holy Land Pilgrimage and Western Audiences: Some Reflections on Egeria and Her Circle’, The Classical Quarterly 38 (1988), pp. 528–35.Google Scholar

Skehan, P.W., ‘The Divine Name at Qumran, in the Masada Scroll, and in the Septuagint’, BIOSCS 13 (1980), pp. 14–44.Google Scholar

Slotki, I.W., ‘Antiphony in Ancient Hebrew Poetry’, JQR NS 26.3 (1936), pp. 199–219.Google Scholar

Sluiter, I., ‘The Greek Tradition’, in W.J., van Bekkum, J., Houben, I., Sluiter and C., Versteegh (eds.), The Emergence of Semantics in Four Linguistic Traditions: Hebrew, Sanskrit, Greek, Arabic (Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 82; Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1997), pp. 147–224.

Smelik, W.F., ‘Concordance and Consistency: Translation Studies and Targum Jonathan’, JJS 49 (1998), pp. 286–305.Google Scholar

Smelik, W.F., ‘Justinian's Novella 146 and Contemporary Judaism’, in T.M., Law and A.G., Salvesen (eds.), Greek Scripture and the Rabbis (CBET, 66; Leuven: Peeters, 2012), pp. 141–63.

Smelik, W.F., ‘Language Distribution’, in C., Hezser (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Palestine (Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 122–41.

Smelik, W.F., ‘Language, Locus and Translation between the Talmudim’, JAB 3 (2001), pp. 199–224.Google Scholar

Smelik, W.F., ‘Language Selection and the Holy Tongue in Early Rabbinic Literature’, in L.M., Teugels and R., Ulmer (eds.), Interpretation, Religion and Culture in Midrash and Beyond: Proceedings of the 2006 and 2007 SBL Midrash Sessions (Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2008), pp. 91–151.

Smelik, W.F., ‘Orality, the Targums, and Manuscript Reproduction’, in A., den Hollander, U., Schmidt and W.F., Smelik (eds.), Paratext and Megatext in Jewish and Christian Traditions (JCP; Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. 49–81.

Smelik, W.F., ‘Rav Yoseph Translates: On the Contribution of Translation to Talmudic Discourse’, forthcoming.

Smelik, W.F., The Targum of Judges (OTS, 36; Leiden: Brill, 1995).

Smelik, W.F., ‘Translation and Commentary in One: The Interplay of Pluses and Substitutions in the Targum of the Prophets’, JSJ 29 (1998), pp. 245–260.Google Scholar

Smelik, W.F., ‘Trouble in the Trees: Variant Selection and Tree Construction Illustrated by the Texts of Targum Judges’, ArSt 1.2 (2003), pp. 247–85 (reprinted in P. van Reenen, A. den Hollander and M. van Mulken [eds), Studies in Stemmatology 2 [Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004], pp. 167–206).Google Scholar

Smith, M., ‘Palestinian Judaism in the First Century’, in M., Davis (ed.), Israel: Its Role in Civilization (New York: Harper, 1956).

Smolar, L. and Aberbach, M., Studies in Targum Jonathan to the Prophets (New York and Baltimore: KTAV and The Baltimore Hebrew College, 1983).

Snellman, W.I., De interpretibus romanorum deque linguae latinae cum aliis nationibus commercio (Leipzig: Dieterich, 1914–1919).

Sokoloff, M., A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic Periods (Dictionaries of Talmud, Midrash and Targum, 3; Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2003).

Sokoloff, M., A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period (Dictionaries of Talmud, Midrash and Targum, 2; Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1990).

Sokoloff, M., ‘The Hebrew of Bereshit Rabba According to MS Vat. Ebr. 30’, Leshonenu 33 (1968–1969), pp. 25–42.Google Scholar

Sokoloff, M., (Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1982).

Sokoloff, M. and Y., Yahalom, (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1999).

Sperber, A., The Bible in Aramaic Based on Old Manuscripts and Printed Texts (5 vols.; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1959–1973).

Sperber, D., Nautica Talmudica (Ramat-Gan and Leiden: Bar-Ilan University Press and E.J. Brill, 1986).

Spiro, A., ‘Samaritans, Tobiads, and Judahites in Pseudo-Philo’, PAAJR 20 (1951), pp. 279-355.Google Scholar

Starke, F., ‘Zur Herkunft von akkad. ta/urgumannu(m) “Dolmetscher”’, WO 24(1993), pp. 20–38.Google Scholar

Stec, D.M., The Targum of Psalms (Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 2004).

Stec, D.M., The Text of the Targum of Job: An Introduction and Critical Edition (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994).

Stegemann, H., κυριοΣ ο ΘεοΣ und κυριοΣ ιηΣουΣ: Aufkommen und Ausbreitung des religiösen Gebrauchs von κυριοΣ und seine Verwendung im Neuen Testament (Habilitationsschrift Bonn 1969).

Steiner, G., After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation (Oxford University Press, 3rd edn 1998).

Stemberger, G., ‘Hebräisch als ideale Sprache—Konsequenzen für die Hermeneutik’, in G., Stemberger, Judaica Minora, Teil 1: Biblische Traditionen im rabbinischen Judentum (TSAJ, 133; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010), pp. 88–102.

Stemberger, G., Jews and Christians in the Holy Land: Palestine in the Fourth Century (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 2000).

Stern, D., Midrash and Theory: Ancient Jewish Exegesis and Contemporary Literary Studies (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1996).

Stern, S., Jewish Identity in Early Rabbinic Writings (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994).

Stern, S., ‘New Tombstones from Zoar (Moussaieff Collection)’, Tarbiz 68 (1999), pp. 177–185.Google Scholar

Stern, S., ‘The Babyl onian Calendar at Elephantine’, ZPE 130 (2000), pp. 159–71.Google Scholar